Comparison of titanium dioxide scaffold with commercial bone graft materials through micro-finite element modelling in flow perfusion

• Published in: Medical & biological engineering & computing Vol. 57; no. 1; pp. 311 - 324
• Main Authors: Zhang, Xianbin, Tiainen, Hanna, Haugen, Håvard J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English; Norwegian
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.01.2019; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Bioceramics; Biocompatibility; Biomaterials; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering; Biomedical materials; Biomedicine; Bone grafts; Bone growth; Boolean algebra; Cell culture; Computed tomography; Computer Applications; Computer simulation; Environmental effects; Finite element method; Grafting; Graphical representations; Human Physiology; Image processing; Imaging; Mechanical properties; Mechanical stimuli; Modulus of elasticity; Newtonian fluids; Original Article; Osteoconduction; Perfusion; Permeability; Radiology; Regeneration; Regeneration (physiology); Scaffolds; Shear stress; Solid phases; Stimuli; Substitute bone; Surgical implants; Titanium dioxide; Wall shear stresses; Belgium; Finite element method; CFD; Micro-CT; Scaffold; Titanium dioxide
• ISSN: 0140-0118; 1741-0444
• DOI: 10.1007/s11517-018-1884-2

TiO 2 scaffolds have previously shown to have promising osteoconductive properties in previous in vivo experiments. Appropriate mechanical stimuli can further promote this osteoconductive behaviour. However, the complex mechanical environment and the mechanical stimuli enhancing bone regeneration for porous bioceramics have not yet been fully elucidated. This paper aims to compare and evaluate mechanical environment of TiO 2 scaffold with three commercial CaP biomaterials, i.e. Bio-Oss, Cerabone and Maxresorb under simulated perfusion culture conditions. The solid phase and fluid phase were modelled as linear elastic material and Newtonian fluid, respectively. The mechanical stimulus was analysed within these porous scaffolds quantitatively. The results showed that the TiO 2 had nearly heterogeneous stress distributions, however lower effective Young’s modulus than Cerabone and Maxresorb. The permeability and wall shear stress (WSS) for the TiO 2 scaffold was significantly higher than other commercial bone substitute materials. Maxresorb and Bio-Oss showed lowest permeability and local areas of very high WSS. The detailed description of the mechanical performance of these scaffolds could help researchers to predict cell behaviour and to select the most appropriate scaffold for different in vitro and in vivo performances. Graphical abstract Schematic representation of the establishment procedure. Take the establishment process of Cerabone as an example. Left shows a slice of micro-CT image from Cerabone, and 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm region of interest was shown in the red box. A 1.5-mm 3 cube was cut out by Boolean operation in Mimics (Materialise, Belgium), and the cubic model was remeshed in 3-Matic 6.0 (Materialise, Belgium). The cubic model is shown in blue, and the empty space in red.