Electrochemical Sensing of Glucose Using Glucose Oxidase/PEDOT:4-Sulfocalix [4]arene/MXene Composite Modified Electrode

Glucose is one of the most important monosaccharides found in the food, as a part of more complex structures, which is a primary energy source for the brain and body. Thus, the monitoring of glucose concentration is more important in food and biological samples in order to maintain a healthy lifesty...

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Published inMicromachines (Basel) Vol. 13; no. 2; p. 304
Main Authors Murugan, Preethika, Annamalai, Jayshree, Atchudan, Raji, Govindasamy, Mani, Nallaswamy, Deepak, Ganapathy, Dhanraj, Reshetilov, Anatoly, Sundramoorthy, Ashok K.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 16.02.2022
MDPI
Subjects
4-sulfocalix arene
Acids
Biocompatibility
Biological properties
Biosensors
Carbon
Chemicals
Chitosan
Electrical measurement
Electrochemical analysis
electrochemical sensor
Electrodes
Electrolytes
Electron transfer
Enzymes
Food
Fourier transforms
Glucose
Glucose oxidase
Graphene
High temperature
Immobilization
Monosaccharides
MXene
MXenes
Nanoparticles
Nitrogen
Oxidation
PEDOT
Physiology
Polymerization
Polymers
Reproducibility
Scanning electron microscopy
Sensors
Silicon wafers
Spectrum analysis
India
PEDOT
electrochemical sensor
4-sulfocalix arene
MXene
glucose oxidase
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2072-666X
2072-666X
DOI10.3390/mi13020304

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Abstract Glucose is one of the most important monosaccharides found in the food, as a part of more complex structures, which is a primary energy source for the brain and body. Thus, the monitoring of glucose concentration is more important in food and biological samples in order to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Herein, an electrochemical glucose biosensor was fabricated by immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOX) onto poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):4-sulfocalix [4]arene (PEDOT:SCX)/MXene modified electrode. For this purpose, firstly, PEDOT was synthesized in the presence of SCX (counterion) by the chemical oxidative method. Secondly, MXene (a 2D layered material) was synthesized by using a high-temperature furnace under a nitrogen atmosphere. After that, PEDOT:SCX/MXene (1:1) dispersion was prepared by ultrasonication which was later utilized to prepare PEDOT:SCX/MXene hybrid film. A successful formation of PEDOT:SCX/MXene film was confirmed by HR-SEM, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and Raman spectroscopies. Due to the biocompatibility nature, successful immobilization of GOX was carried out onto chitosan modified PEDOT:SCX/MXene/GCE. Moreover, the electrochemical properties of PEDOT:SCX/MXene/GOX/GCE was studied through cyclic voltammetry and amperometry methods. Interestingly, a stable redox peak of FAD-GOX was observed at a formal potential of –0.435 V on PEDOT:SCX/MXene/GOX/GCE which indicated a direct electron transfer between the enzyme and the electrode surface. PEDOT:SCX/MXene/GOX/GCE also exhibited a linear response against glucose concentrations in the linear range from 0.5 to 8 mM. The effect of pH, sensors reproducibility, and repeatability of the PEDOT:SCX/MXene/GOX/GCE sensor were studied. Finally, this new biosensor was successfully applied to detect glucose in commercial fruit juice sample with satisfactory recovery.
AbstractList Glucose is one of the most important monosaccharides found in the food, as a part of more complex structures, which is a primary energy source for the brain and body. Thus, the monitoring of glucose concentration is more important in food and biological samples in order to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Herein, an electrochemical glucose biosensor was fabricated by immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOX) onto poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):4-sulfocalix [4]arene (PEDOT:SCX)/MXene modified electrode. For this purpose, firstly, PEDOT was synthesized in the presence of SCX (counterion) by the chemical oxidative method. Secondly, MXene (a 2D layered material) was synthesized by using a high-temperature furnace under a nitrogen atmosphere. After that, PEDOT:SCX/MXene (1:1) dispersion was prepared by ultrasonication which was later utilized to prepare PEDOT:SCX/MXene hybrid film. A successful formation of PEDOT:SCX/MXene film was confirmed by HR-SEM, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and Raman spectroscopies. Due to the biocompatibility nature, successful immobilization of GOX was carried out onto chitosan modified PEDOT:SCX/MXene/GCE. Moreover, the electrochemical properties of PEDOT:SCX/MXene/GOX/GCE was studied through cyclic voltammetry and amperometry methods. Interestingly, a stable redox peak of FAD-GOX was observed at a formal potential of –0.435 V on PEDOT:SCX/MXene/GOX/GCE which indicated a direct electron transfer between the enzyme and the electrode surface. PEDOT:SCX/MXene/GOX/GCE also exhibited a linear response against glucose concentrations in the linear range from 0.5 to 8 mM. The effect of pH, sensors reproducibility, and repeatability of the PEDOT:SCX/MXene/GOX/GCE sensor were studied. Finally, this new biosensor was successfully applied to detect glucose in commercial fruit juice sample with satisfactory recovery.
Author Annamalai, Jayshree
Murugan, Preethika
Reshetilov, Anatoly
Atchudan, Raji
Govindasamy, Mani
Nallaswamy, Deepak
Sundramoorthy, Ashok K.
Ganapathy, Dhanraj
AuthorAffiliation 3 School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; atchudanr@yu.ac.kr
4 Department of Materials Engineering, Ming-Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan; govindasamy420700@gmail.com
2 Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India; jayshreeannamalai@yahoo.com
5 Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India; dir.acad.sac@saveetha.com (D.N.); dhanraj@saveetha.com (D.G.)
6 G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Centre for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; anatol@ibpm.pushchino.ru
1 Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India; preethikam95@gmail.com
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 4 Department of Materials Engineering, Ming-Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan; govindasamy420700@gmail.com
– name: 6 G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Centre for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; anatol@ibpm.pushchino.ru
– name: 5 Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India; dir.acad.sac@saveetha.com (D.N.); dhanraj@saveetha.com (D.G.)
– name: 3 School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; atchudanr@yu.ac.kr
– name: 1 Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India; preethikam95@gmail.com
– name: 2 Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India; jayshreeannamalai@yahoo.com
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  surname: Murugan
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  surname: Govindasamy
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  surname: Sundramoorthy
  fullname: Sundramoorthy, Ashok K.
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35208428$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords PEDOT
electrochemical sensor
4-sulfocalix arene
MXene
glucose oxidase
Language English
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Snippet Glucose is one of the most important monosaccharides found in the food, as a part of more complex structures, which is a primary energy source for the brain...
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SubjectTerms 4-sulfocalix arene
Acids
Biocompatibility
Biological properties
Biosensors
Carbon
Chemicals
Chitosan
Electrical measurement
Electrochemical analysis
electrochemical sensor
Electrodes
Electrolytes
Electron transfer
Enzymes
Food
Fourier transforms
Glucose
Glucose oxidase
Graphene
High temperature
Immobilization
Monosaccharides
MXene
MXenes
Nanoparticles
Nitrogen
Oxidation
PEDOT
Physiology
Polymerization
Polymers
Reproducibility
Scanning electron microscopy
Sensors
Silicon wafers
Spectrum analysis
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Title Electrochemical Sensing of Glucose Using Glucose Oxidase/PEDOT:4-Sulfocalix [4]arene/MXene Composite Modified Electrode
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35208428
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2632995919
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8877456
https://doaj.org/article/6f01a6675e0f4eebaae75ce9dc3e38c7
Volume 13
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