Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) on Bilirubin Concentrations in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome: Sex-Specific GWAS Analysis and Gene-Diet Interactions in a Mediterranean Population

Although, for decades, increased serum bilirubin concentrations were considered a threatening sign of underlying liver disease and had been associated with neonatal jaundice, data from recent years show that bilirubin is a powerful antioxidant and suggest that slightly increased serum bilirubin conc...

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Published inNutrients Vol. 11; no. 1; p. 90
Main Authors Coltell, Oscar, Asensio, Eva M., Sorlí, José V., Barragán, Rocio, Fernández-Carrión, Rebeca, Portolés, Olga, Ortega-Azorín, Carolina, Martínez-LaCruz, Raul, González, José I., Zanón-Moreno, Vicente, Gimenez-Alba, Ignacio, Fitó, Montserrat, Ros, Emilio, Ordovas, Jose M., Corella, Dolores
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 04.01.2019
MDPI
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Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI10.3390/nu11010090

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Abstract Although, for decades, increased serum bilirubin concentrations were considered a threatening sign of underlying liver disease and had been associated with neonatal jaundice, data from recent years show that bilirubin is a powerful antioxidant and suggest that slightly increased serum bilirubin concentrations are protective against oxidative stress-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, a better understanding of the gene-diet interactions in determining serum bilirubin concentrations is needed. None of the previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on bilirubin concentrations has been stratified by sex. Therefore, considering the increasing interest in incorporating the gender perspective into nutritional genomics, our main aim was to carry out a GWAS on total serum bilirubin concentrations in a Mediterranean population with metabolic syndrome, stratified by sex. Our secondary aim was to explore, as a pilot study, the presence of gene-diet interactions at the GWAS level. We included 430 participants (188 men and 242 women, aged 55–75 years, and with metabolic syndrome) in the PREDIMED Plus-Valencia study. Global and sex-specific GWAS were undertaken to analyze associations and gene-diet interaction on total serum bilirubin. Adherence (low and high) to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) was analyzed as the dietary modulator. In the GWAS, we detected more than 55 SNPs associated with serum bilirubin at p < 5 × 10−8 (GWAS level). The top-ranked were four SNPs (rs4148325 (p = 9.25 × 10−24), rs4148324 (p = 9.48 × 10−24), rs6742078 (p = 1.29 × 10−23), rs887829 (p = 1.39 × 10−23), and the rs4148324 (p = 9.48 × 10−24)) in the UGT1A1 (UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1) gene, which replicated previous findings revealing the UGT1A1 as the major locus. In the sex-specific GWAS, the top-ranked SNPs at the GWAS level were similar in men and women (the lead SNP was the rs4148324-UGT1A1 in both men (p = 4.77 × 10−11) and women (p = 2.15 × 10−14), which shows homogeneous genetic results for the major locus. There was more sex-specific heterogeneity for other minor genes associated at the suggestive level of GWAS significance (p < 1 × 10−5). We did not detect any gene-MedDiet interaction at p < 1 × 10−5 for the major genetic locus, but we detected some gene-MedDiet interactions with other genes at p < 1 × 10−5, and even at the GWAS level for the IL17B gene (p = 3.14 × 10−8). These interaction results, however, should be interpreted with caution due to our small sample size. In conclusion, our study provides new data, with a gender perspective, on genes associated with total serum bilirubin concentrations in men and women, and suggests possible additional modulations by adherence to MedDiet.
AbstractList Although, for decades, increased serum bilirubin concentrations were considered a threatening sign of underlying liver disease and had been associated with neonatal jaundice, data from recent years show that bilirubin is a powerful antioxidant and suggest that slightly increased serum bilirubin concentrations are protective against oxidative stress-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, a better understanding of the gene-diet interactions in determining serum bilirubin concentrations is needed. None of the previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on bilirubin concentrations has been stratified by sex. Therefore, considering the increasing interest in incorporating the gender perspective into nutritional genomics, our main aim was to carry out a GWAS on total serum bilirubin concentrations in a Mediterranean population with metabolic syndrome, stratified by sex. Our secondary aim was to explore, as a pilot study, the presence of gene-diet interactions at the GWAS level. We included 430 participants (188 men and 242 women, aged 55–75 years, and with metabolic syndrome) in the PREDIMED Plus-Valencia study. Global and sex-specific GWAS were undertaken to analyze associations and gene-diet interaction on total serum bilirubin. Adherence (low and high) to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) was analyzed as the dietary modulator. In the GWAS, we detected more than 55 SNPs associated with serum bilirubin at p < 5 × 10−8 (GWAS level). The top-ranked were four SNPs (rs4148325 (p = 9.25 × 10−24), rs4148324 (p = 9.48 × 10−24), rs6742078 (p = 1.29 × 10−23), rs887829 (p = 1.39 × 10−23), and the rs4148324 (p = 9.48 × 10−24)) in the UGT1A1 (UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1) gene, which replicated previous findings revealing the UGT1A1 as the major locus. In the sex-specific GWAS, the top-ranked SNPs at the GWAS level were similar in men and women (the lead SNP was the rs4148324-UGT1A1 in both men (p = 4.77 × 10−11) and women (p = 2.15 × 10−14), which shows homogeneous genetic results for the major locus. There was more sex-specific heterogeneity for other minor genes associated at the suggestive level of GWAS significance (p < 1 × 10−5). We did not detect any gene-MedDiet interaction at p < 1 × 10−5 for the major genetic locus, but we detected some gene-MedDiet interactions with other genes at p < 1 × 10−5, and even at the GWAS level for the IL17B gene (p = 3.14 × 10−8). These interaction results, however, should be interpreted with caution due to our small sample size. In conclusion, our study provides new data, with a gender perspective, on genes associated with total serum bilirubin concentrations in men and women, and suggests possible additional modulations by adherence to MedDiet.
Although, for decades, increased serum bilirubin concentrations were considered a threatening sign of underlying liver disease and had been associated with neonatal jaundice, data from recent years show that bilirubin is a powerful antioxidant and suggest that slightly increased serum bilirubin concentrations are protective against oxidative stress-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, a better understanding of the gene-diet interactions in determining serum bilirubin concentrations is needed. None of the previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on bilirubin concentrations has been stratified by sex. Therefore, considering the increasing interest in incorporating the gender perspective into nutritional genomics, our main aim was to carry out a GWAS on total serum bilirubin concentrations in a Mediterranean population with metabolic syndrome, stratified by sex. Our secondary aim was to explore, as a pilot study, the presence of gene-diet interactions at the GWAS level. We included 430 participants (188 men and 242 women, aged 55–75 years, and with metabolic syndrome) in the PREDIMED Plus-Valencia study. Global and sex-specific GWAS were undertaken to analyze associations and gene-diet interaction on total serum bilirubin. Adherence (low and high) to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) was analyzed as the dietary modulator. In the GWAS, we detected more than 55 SNPs associated with serum bilirubin at p < 5 × 10 −8 (GWAS level). The top-ranked were four SNPs (rs4148325 ( p = 9.25 × 10 −24 ), rs4148324 ( p = 9.48 × 10 −24 ), rs6742078 ( p = 1.29 × 10 −23 ), rs887829 ( p = 1.39 × 10 −23 ), and the rs4148324 ( p = 9.48 × 10 −24 )) in the UGT1A1 (UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1) gene, which replicated previous findings revealing the UGT1A1 as the major locus. In the sex-specific GWAS, the top-ranked SNPs at the GWAS level were similar in men and women (the lead SNP was the rs4148324-UGT1A1 in both men ( p = 4.77 × 10 −11 ) and women ( p = 2.15 × 10 −14 ), which shows homogeneous genetic results for the major locus. There was more sex-specific heterogeneity for other minor genes associated at the suggestive level of GWAS significance ( p < 1 × 10 −5 ). We did not detect any gene-MedDiet interaction at p < 1 × 10 −5 for the major genetic locus, but we detected some gene-MedDiet interactions with other genes at p < 1 × 10 −5 , and even at the GWAS level for the IL17B gene ( p = 3.14 × 10 −8 ). These interaction results, however, should be interpreted with caution due to our small sample size. In conclusion, our study provides new data, with a gender perspective, on genes associated with total serum bilirubin concentrations in men and women, and suggests possible additional modulations by adherence to MedDiet.
Although, for decades, increased serum bilirubin concentrations were considered a threatening sign of underlying liver disease and had been associated with neonatal jaundice, data from recent years show that bilirubin is a powerful antioxidant and suggest that slightly increased serum bilirubin concentrations are protective against oxidative stress-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, a better understanding of the gene-diet interactions in determining serum bilirubin concentrations is needed. None of the previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on bilirubin concentrations has been stratified by sex. Therefore, considering the increasing interest in incorporating the gender perspective into nutritional genomics, our main aim was to carry out a GWAS on total serum bilirubin concentrations in a Mediterranean population with metabolic syndrome, stratified by sex. Our secondary aim was to explore, as a pilot study, the presence of gene-diet interactions at the GWAS level. We included 430 participants (188 men and 242 women, aged 55⁻75 years, and with metabolic syndrome) in the PREDIMED Plus-Valencia study. Global and sex-specific GWAS were undertaken to analyze associations and gene-diet interaction on total serum bilirubin. Adherence (low and high) to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) was analyzed as the dietary modulator. In the GWAS, we detected more than 55 SNPs associated with serum bilirubin at < 5 × 10 (GWAS level). The top-ranked were four SNPs (rs4148325 ( = 9.25 × 10 ), rs4148324 ( = 9.48 × 10 ), rs6742078 ( = 1.29 × 10 ), rs887829 ( = 1.39 × 10 ), and the rs4148324 ( = 9.48 × 10 )) in the UGT1A1 (UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1) gene, which replicated previous findings revealing the UGT1A1 as the major locus. In the sex-specific GWAS, the top-ranked SNPs at the GWAS level were similar in men and women (the lead SNP was the rs4148324-UGT1A1 in both men ( = 4.77 × 10 ) and women ( = 2.15 × 10 ), which shows homogeneous genetic results for the major locus. There was more sex-specific heterogeneity for other minor genes associated at the suggestive level of GWAS significance ( < 1 × 10 ). We did not detect any gene-MedDiet interaction at < 1 × 10 for the major genetic locus, but we detected some gene-MedDiet interactions with other genes at < 1 × 10 , and even at the GWAS level for the IL17B gene ( = 3.14 × 10 ). These interaction results, however, should be interpreted with caution due to our small sample size. In conclusion, our study provides new data, with a gender perspective, on genes associated with total serum bilirubin concentrations in men and women, and suggests possible additional modulations by adherence to MedDiet.
Although, for decades, increased serum bilirubin concentrations were considered a threatening sign of underlying liver disease and had been associated with neonatal jaundice, data from recent years show that bilirubin is a powerful antioxidant and suggest that slightly increased serum bilirubin concentrations are protective against oxidative stress-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, a better understanding of the gene-diet interactions in determining serum bilirubin concentrations is needed. None of the previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on bilirubin concentrations has been stratified by sex. Therefore, considering the increasing interest in incorporating the gender perspective into nutritional genomics, our main aim was to carry out a GWAS on total serum bilirubin concentrations in a Mediterranean population with metabolic syndrome, stratified by sex. Our secondary aim was to explore, as a pilot study, the presence of gene-diet interactions at the GWAS level. We included 430 participants (188 men and 242 women, aged 55⁻75 years, and with metabolic syndrome) in the PREDIMED Plus-Valencia study. Global and sex-specific GWAS were undertaken to analyze associations and gene-diet interaction on total serum bilirubin. Adherence (low and high) to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) was analyzed as the dietary modulator. In the GWAS, we detected more than 55 SNPs associated with serum bilirubin at p < 5 × 10-8 (GWAS level). The top-ranked were four SNPs (rs4148325 (p = 9.25 × 10-24), rs4148324 (p = 9.48 × 10-24), rs6742078 (p = 1.29 × 10-23), rs887829 (p = 1.39 × 10-23), and the rs4148324 (p = 9.48 × 10-24)) in the UGT1A1 (UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1) gene, which replicated previous findings revealing the UGT1A1 as the major locus. In the sex-specific GWAS, the top-ranked SNPs at the GWAS level were similar in men and women (the lead SNP was the rs4148324-UGT1A1 in both men (p = 4.77 × 10-11) and women (p = 2.15 × 10-14), which shows homogeneous genetic results for the major locus. There was more sex-specific heterogeneity for other minor genes associated at the suggestive level of GWAS significance (p < 1 × 10-5). We did not detect any gene-MedDiet interaction at p < 1 × 10-5 for the major genetic locus, but we detected some gene-MedDiet interactions with other genes at p < 1 × 10-5, and even at the GWAS level for the IL17B gene (p = 3.14 × 10-8). These interaction results, however, should be interpreted with caution due to our small sample size. In conclusion, our study provides new data, with a gender perspective, on genes associated with total serum bilirubin concentrations in men and women, and suggests possible additional modulations by adherence to MedDiet.Although, for decades, increased serum bilirubin concentrations were considered a threatening sign of underlying liver disease and had been associated with neonatal jaundice, data from recent years show that bilirubin is a powerful antioxidant and suggest that slightly increased serum bilirubin concentrations are protective against oxidative stress-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, a better understanding of the gene-diet interactions in determining serum bilirubin concentrations is needed. None of the previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on bilirubin concentrations has been stratified by sex. Therefore, considering the increasing interest in incorporating the gender perspective into nutritional genomics, our main aim was to carry out a GWAS on total serum bilirubin concentrations in a Mediterranean population with metabolic syndrome, stratified by sex. Our secondary aim was to explore, as a pilot study, the presence of gene-diet interactions at the GWAS level. We included 430 participants (188 men and 242 women, aged 55⁻75 years, and with metabolic syndrome) in the PREDIMED Plus-Valencia study. Global and sex-specific GWAS were undertaken to analyze associations and gene-diet interaction on total serum bilirubin. Adherence (low and high) to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) was analyzed as the dietary modulator. In the GWAS, we detected more than 55 SNPs associated with serum bilirubin at p < 5 × 10-8 (GWAS level). The top-ranked were four SNPs (rs4148325 (p = 9.25 × 10-24), rs4148324 (p = 9.48 × 10-24), rs6742078 (p = 1.29 × 10-23), rs887829 (p = 1.39 × 10-23), and the rs4148324 (p = 9.48 × 10-24)) in the UGT1A1 (UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1) gene, which replicated previous findings revealing the UGT1A1 as the major locus. In the sex-specific GWAS, the top-ranked SNPs at the GWAS level were similar in men and women (the lead SNP was the rs4148324-UGT1A1 in both men (p = 4.77 × 10-11) and women (p = 2.15 × 10-14), which shows homogeneous genetic results for the major locus. There was more sex-specific heterogeneity for other minor genes associated at the suggestive level of GWAS significance (p < 1 × 10-5). We did not detect any gene-MedDiet interaction at p < 1 × 10-5 for the major genetic locus, but we detected some gene-MedDiet interactions with other genes at p < 1 × 10-5, and even at the GWAS level for the IL17B gene (p = 3.14 × 10-8). These interaction results, however, should be interpreted with caution due to our small sample size. In conclusion, our study provides new data, with a gender perspective, on genes associated with total serum bilirubin concentrations in men and women, and suggests possible additional modulations by adherence to MedDiet.
Author Martínez-LaCruz, Raul
Ortega-Azorín, Carolina
Coltell, Oscar
Asensio, Eva M.
Barragán, Rocio
Ordovas, Jose M.
González, José I.
Gimenez-Alba, Ignacio
Fitó, Montserrat
Sorlí, José V.
Ros, Emilio
Fernández-Carrión, Rebeca
Zanón-Moreno, Vicente
Corella, Dolores
Portolés, Olga
AuthorAffiliation 10 Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
1 Department of Computer Languages and Systems, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain; oscar.coltell@uji.es
11 IMDEA Alimentación, 28049 Madrid, Spain
4 Area of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, 46002 Valencia, Spain; vczanon@universidadviu.com
6 Ophthalmology Research Unit “Santiago Grisolia”, Dr. Peset University Hospital, 46017 Valencia, Spain
5 Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa OftaRed, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
3 Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; nachoga16@gmail.com
7 Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; eva.m.asensio@uv.es (E.M.A.); jose.sorli@uv.es (J.V.S.)
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 10 Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
– name: 1 Department of Computer Languages and Systems, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain; oscar.coltell@uji.es
– name: 2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; eva.m.asensio@uv.es (E.M.A.); jose.sorli@uv.es (J.V.S.); rocio.barragan@uv.es (R.B.); Rebeca.Fernandez@uv.es (R.F.-C.); Olga.Portoles@uv.es (O.P.); carolina.ortega@uv.es (C.O.-A.); raulmartinezlacruz@gmail.com (R.M.-L.); Ignacio.Glez-Arraez@uv.es (J.I.G.); Mfito@imim.es (M.F.); EROS@clinic.cat (E.R.)
– name: 9 Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; jose.ordovas@tufts.edu
– name: 11 IMDEA Alimentación, 28049 Madrid, Spain
– name: 6 Ophthalmology Research Unit “Santiago Grisolia”, Dr. Peset University Hospital, 46017 Valencia, Spain
– name: 8 Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
– name: 4 Area of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, 46002 Valencia, Spain; vczanon@universidadviu.com
– name: 3 Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; nachoga16@gmail.com
– name: 5 Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa OftaRed, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
– name: 7 Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30621171$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2019. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
2019 by the authors. 2019
Copyright_xml – notice: 2019. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: 2019 by the authors. 2019
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Keywords bilirubin
Mediterranean
gene-diet interaction
sex-specific
GWAS
UGT1A1
Language English
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SubjectTerms antioxidants
bilirubin
blood serum
Cardiovascular disease
cardiovascular diseases
Cytokines
gender
genes
genome-wide association study
Genomes
glucuronosyltransferases
Haplotypes
Health care
Hospitals
jaundice
lead
liver diseases
loci
Mediterranean diet
men
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolism
nutrigenomics
Nutrition research
nutrition-genotype interaction
Population
single nucleotide polymorphism
women
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Title Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) on Bilirubin Concentrations in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome: Sex-Specific GWAS Analysis and Gene-Diet Interactions in a Mediterranean Population
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30621171
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Volume 11
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