Emission of methane from chalk streams has potential implications for agricultural practices
1. The emission of biogenic gases, particularly methane, is usually associated with wetlands rather than clean streams. Here, we investigated methane production from a southern English chalk stream, where increased sedimentation, compounded by extensive macrophyte growth, may have altered ecosystem...
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| Published in | Freshwater biology Vol. 52; no. 6; pp. 1176 - 1186 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford, UK
Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.06.2007
Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | 1. The emission of biogenic gases, particularly methane, is usually associated with wetlands rather than clean streams. Here, we investigated methane production from a southern English chalk stream, where increased sedimentation, compounded by extensive macrophyte growth, may have altered ecosystem function. 2. Cover of the channel by the dominant macrophyte, Ranunculus penicillatus, peaked in August, when plant beds were associated with low water velocity and the accumulation of sediment (<2000 μm) dominated by the sand-sized fraction (63-1000 μm). 3. Over spring and summer there was a marked increase in the silt/clay fraction of the sediment, a concomitant drop in mean particle size and, hence, inferred permeability. At the same time there was an increase in CH₄ transport through Ranunculus stems and an increase in water column CH₄ concentration, while the sediment CH₄ concentration increased 100-fold between February and April. A marked seasonal enrichment in the δ¹⁵N of N₂ dissolved in the pore water correlated with CH₄ flux and, coupled to the shift in particle size, suggested a transient input of organic matter, possibly of terrestrial origin. 4. Potential areal methane production and measured efflux were similar to that from some U.K. peatlands and represent one of the first accounts of significant methanogenesis to be measured in a stream channel. Most (>90%) of the methane flux is transported to the atmosphere through the Ranunculus stems. 5. Although the total flux of methane from U.K. chalk streams is probably relatively modest (estimated at 3.2 x 10⁻⁶ Tg CH₄ year⁻¹), this phenomenon changes our perception of the health of these ecosystems and indicates another deleterious side effect of agriculture. |
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| AbstractList | 1. The emission of biogenic gases, particularly methane, is usually associated with wetlands rather than clean streams. Here, we investigated methane production from a southern English chalk stream, where increased sedimentation, compounded by extensive macrophyte growth, may have altered ecosystem function. 2. Cover of the channel by the dominant macrophyte, Ranunculus penicillatus, peaked in August, when plant beds were associated with low water velocity and the accumulation of sediment (<2000 μm) dominated by the sand-sized fraction (63-1000 μm). 3. Over spring and summer there was a marked increase in the silt/clay fraction of the sediment, a concomitant drop in mean particle size and, hence, inferred permeability. At the same time there was an increase in CH₄ transport through Ranunculus stems and an increase in water column CH₄ concentration, while the sediment CH₄ concentration increased 100-fold between February and April. A marked seasonal enrichment in the δ¹⁵N of N₂ dissolved in the pore water correlated with CH₄ flux and, coupled to the shift in particle size, suggested a transient input of organic matter, possibly of terrestrial origin. 4. Potential areal methane production and measured efflux were similar to that from some U.K. peatlands and represent one of the first accounts of significant methanogenesis to be measured in a stream channel. Most (>90%) of the methane flux is transported to the atmosphere through the Ranunculus stems. 5. Although the total flux of methane from U.K. chalk streams is probably relatively modest (estimated at 3.2 x 10⁻⁶ Tg CH₄ year⁻¹), this phenomenon changes our perception of the health of these ecosystems and indicates another deleterious side effect of agriculture. Observation that, emission of methane from chalk streams has potential implications for agricultural practices, is made. Chalk streams are characterized by abundant growth of the dominant aquatic macrophyte Ranunculus spp. Chalk streams represent only a small source of methane to the atmosphere and account for >0.05% of total U.K. emissions, although any repeat of this process in agricultural streams and rivers more generally will increase these estimates. It seems possible that the transfer of soil organic matter from the catchment surface to the river system, and its biogeochemical consequences, has given rise to a hitherto unquantified deleterious side effect of agriculture, beyond well-known fertilizer enrichment, pesticide/herbicide application and losses in biodiversity. Summary 1. The emission of biogenic gases, particularly methane, is usually associated with wetlands rather than clean streams. Here, we investigated methane production from a southern English chalk stream, where increased sedimentation, compounded by extensive macrophyte growth, may have altered ecosystem function. 2. Cover of the channel by the dominant macrophyte, Ranunculus penicillatus, peaked in August, when plant beds were associated with low water velocity and the accumulation of sediment (<2000 μ m) dominated by the sand‐sized fraction (63–1000 μ m). 3. Over spring and summer there was a marked increase in the silt/clay fraction of the sediment, a concomitant drop in mean particle size and, hence, inferred permeability. At the same time there was an increase in CH 4 transport through Ranunculus stems and an increase in water column CH 4 concentration, while the sediment CH 4 concentration increased 100‐fold between February and April. A marked seasonal enrichment in the δ 15 N of N 2 dissolved in the pore water correlated with CH 4 flux and, coupled to the shift in particle size, suggested a transient input of organic matter, possibly of terrestrial origin. 4. Potential areal methane production and measured efflux were similar to that from some U.K. peatlands and represent one of the first accounts of significant methanogenesis to be measured in a stream channel. Most (>90%) of the methane flux is transported to the atmosphere through the Ranunculus stems. 5. Although the total flux of methane from U.K. chalk streams is probably relatively modest (estimated at 3.2 × 10 −6 Tg CH 4 year −1 ), this phenomenon changes our perception of the health of these ecosystems and indicates another deleterious side effect of agriculture. 1. The emission of biogenic gases, particularly methane, is usually associated with wetlands rather than clean streams. Here, we investigated methane production from a southern English chalk stream, where increased sedimentation, compounded by extensive macrophyte growth, may have altered ecosystem function. 2. Cover of the channel by the dominant macrophyte, Ranunculus penicillatus, peaked in August, when plant beds were associated with low water velocity and the accumulation of sediment (<2000 mu m) dominated by the sand-sized fraction (63-1000 mu m). 3. Over spring and summer there was a marked increase in the silt/clay fraction of the sediment, a concomitant drop in mean particle size and, hence, inferred permeability. At the same time there was an increase in CH sub(4) transport through Ranunculus stems and an increase in water column CH sub(4) concentration, while the sediment CH sub(4) concentration increased 100-fold between February and April. A marked seasonal enrichment in the delta super(15)N of N sub(2) dissolved in the pore water correlated with CH sub(4) flux and, coupled to the shift in particle size, suggested a transient input of organic matter, possibly of terrestrial origin. 4. Potential areal methane production and measured efflux were similar to that from some U.K. peatlands and represent one of the first accounts of significant methanogenesis to be measured in a stream channel. Most (>90%) of the methane flux is transported to the atmosphere through the Ranunculus stems. 5. Although the total flux of methane from U.K. chalk streams is probably relatively modest (estimated at 3.210 super(-6) Tg CH sub(4)year super(-1)) , this phenomenon changes our perception of the health of these ecosystems and indicates another deleterious side effect of agriculture. Summary 1. The emission of biogenic gases, particularly methane, is usually associated with wetlands rather than clean streams. Here, we investigated methane production from a southern English chalk stream, where increased sedimentation, compounded by extensive macrophyte growth, may have altered ecosystem function. 2. Cover of the channel by the dominant macrophyte, Ranunculus penicillatus, peaked in August, when plant beds were associated with low water velocity and the accumulation of sediment (<2000 μm) dominated by the sand‐sized fraction (63–1000 μm). 3. Over spring and summer there was a marked increase in the silt/clay fraction of the sediment, a concomitant drop in mean particle size and, hence, inferred permeability. At the same time there was an increase in CH4 transport through Ranunculus stems and an increase in water column CH4 concentration, while the sediment CH4 concentration increased 100‐fold between February and April. A marked seasonal enrichment in the δ15N of N2 dissolved in the pore water correlated with CH4 flux and, coupled to the shift in particle size, suggested a transient input of organic matter, possibly of terrestrial origin. 4. Potential areal methane production and measured efflux were similar to that from some U.K. peatlands and represent one of the first accounts of significant methanogenesis to be measured in a stream channel. Most (>90%) of the methane flux is transported to the atmosphere through the Ranunculus stems. 5. Although the total flux of methane from U.K. chalk streams is probably relatively modest (estimated at 3.2 × 10−6 Tg CH4 year−1), this phenomenon changes our perception of the health of these ecosystems and indicates another deleterious side effect of agriculture. |
| Author | FLOWERS, E. J. HILDREW, A. G. COTTON, J. A. WHARTON, G. TRIMMER, M. SANDERS, I. A. HEPPELL, C. M. |
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| Snippet | 1. The emission of biogenic gases, particularly methane, is usually associated with wetlands rather than clean streams. Here, we investigated methane... Summary 1. The emission of biogenic gases, particularly methane, is usually associated with wetlands rather than clean streams. Here, we investigated methane... Observation that, emission of methane from chalk streams has potential implications for agricultural practices, is made. Chalk streams are characterized by... |
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| SubjectTerms | ecosystem function erosion Freshwater land use methane Ranunculus Ranunculus penicillatus sediment sediments soil erosion |
| Title | Emission of methane from chalk streams has potential implications for agricultural practices |
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