New Molecular Considerations for Glioma: IDH, ATRX, BRAF, TERT, H3 K27M

Purpose of Review This review will discuss the role of several key players in glioma classification and biology, namely isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2), alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX), B-Raf (BRAF), telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), and H3K27M. Recent...

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Published inCurrent Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Vol. 17; no. 2; p. 19
Main Authors Karsy, Michael, Guan, Jian, Cohen, Adam L., Jensen, Randy L., Colman, Howard
Format Journal Article Book Review
LanguageEnglish
Published New York Springer US 01.02.2017
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects
Brain Neoplasms - genetics
DNA Helicases - genetics
Genomics
Glioma - classification
Glioma - diagnosis
Glioma - genetics
Histones - genetics
Humans
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase - genetics
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Mutation
Neuro-Oncology (LE Abrey
Neurology
Neurosciences
Nuclear Proteins - genetics
Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf - genetics
Section Editor
Telomerase - genetics
Topical Collection on Neuro-Oncology
X-linked Nuclear Protein
BRAF
Glioma
TERT
IDH
H3K27M
ATRX
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract Purpose of Review This review will discuss the role of several key players in glioma classification and biology, namely isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2), alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX), B-Raf (BRAF), telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), and H3K27M. Recent Findings IDH1/2 mutation delineates oligoden-droglioma, astrocytoma, and secondary glioblastoma (GBM) from primary GBM and lower-grade gliomas with biology similar to GBM. Additional mutations including TERT, 1p/19q, and ATRX further guide glioma classification and diagnosis, as well as pointing directions toward individualized treatments for these distinct molecular subtypes. ATRX and TERT mutations suggest the importance of telomere maintenance in gliomagenesis. BRAF alterations are key in certain low-grade gliomas and pediatric gliomas but rarely in high-grade gliomas in adults. Histone mutations (e.g., H3K27M) and their effect on chromatin modulation are novel mechanisms of cancer generation and uniquely seen in midline gliomas in children and young adults. Summary Over the past decade, a remarkable accumulation of knowledge from the genomic study of gliomas has led to reclassification of tumors, new understanding of oncogenic mechanisms, and novel treatment strategies.
AbstractList PURPOSE OF REVIEWThis review will discuss the role of several key players in glioma classification and biology, namely isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2), alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX), B-Raf (BRAF), telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), and H3K27M.RECENT FINDINGSIDH1/2 mutation delineates oligoden-droglioma, astrocytoma, and secondary glioblastoma (GBM) from primary GBM and lower-grade gliomas with biology similar to GBM. Additional mutations including TERT, 1p/19q, and ATRX further guide glioma classification and diagnosis, as well as pointing directions toward individualized treatments for these distinct molecular subtypes. ATRX and TERT mutations suggest the importance of telomere maintenance in gliomagenesis. BRAF alterations are key in certain low-grade gliomas and pediatric gliomas but rarely in high-grade gliomas in adults. Histone mutations (e.g., H3K27M) and their effect on chromatin modulation are novel mechanisms of cancer generation and uniquely seen in midline gliomas in children and young adults. Over the past decade, a remarkable accumulation of knowledge from the genomic study of gliomas has led to reclassification of tumors, new understanding of oncogenic mechanisms, and novel treatment strategies.
Purpose of Review This review will discuss the role of several key players in glioma classification and biology, namely isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2), alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX), B-Raf (BRAF), telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), and H3K27M. Recent Findings IDH1/2 mutation delineates oligoden-droglioma, astrocytoma, and secondary glioblastoma (GBM) from primary GBM and lower-grade gliomas with biology similar to GBM. Additional mutations including TERT, 1p/19q, and ATRX further guide glioma classification and diagnosis, as well as pointing directions toward individualized treatments for these distinct molecular subtypes. ATRX and TERT mutations suggest the importance of telomere maintenance in gliomagenesis. BRAF alterations are key in certain low-grade gliomas and pediatric gliomas but rarely in high-grade gliomas in adults. Histone mutations (e.g., H3K27M) and their effect on chromatin modulation are novel mechanisms of cancer generation and uniquely seen in midline gliomas in children and young adults. Summary Over the past decade, a remarkable accumulation of knowledge from the genomic study of gliomas has led to reclassification of tumors, new understanding of oncogenic mechanisms, and novel treatment strategies.
This review will discuss the role of several key players in glioma classification and biology, namely isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2), alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX), B-Raf (BRAF), telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), and H3K27M. IDH1/2 mutation delineates oligoden-droglioma, astrocytoma, and secondary glioblastoma (GBM) from primary GBM and lower-grade gliomas with biology similar to GBM. Additional mutations including TERT, 1p/19q, and ATRX further guide glioma classification and diagnosis, as well as pointing directions toward individualized treatments for these distinct molecular subtypes. ATRX and TERT mutations suggest the importance of telomere maintenance in gliomagenesis. BRAF alterations are key in certain low-grade gliomas and pediatric gliomas but rarely in high-grade gliomas in adults. Histone mutations (e.g., H3K27M) and their effect on chromatin modulation are novel mechanisms of cancer generation and uniquely seen in midline gliomas in children and young adults. Over the past decade, a remarkable accumulation of knowledge from the genomic study of gliomas has led to reclassification of tumors, new understanding of oncogenic mechanisms, and novel treatment strategies.
Purpose of Review This review will discuss the role of several key players in glioma classification and biology, namely isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2), alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX), B-Raf (BRAF), telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), and H3K27M. Recent Findings IDH1/2 mutation delineates oligoden-droglioma, astrocytoma, and secondary glioblastoma (GBM) from primary GBM and lower-grade gliomas with biology similar to GBM. Additional mutations including TERT, 1p/19q, and ATRX further guide glioma classification and diagnosis, as well as pointing directions toward individualized treatments for these distinct molecular subtypes. ATRX and TERT mutations suggest the importance of telomere maintenance in gliomagenesis. BRAF alterations are key in certain low-grade gliomas and pediatric gliomas but rarely in high-grade gliomas in adults. Histone mutations (e.g., H3K27M) and their effect on chromatin modulation are novel mechanisms of cancer generation and uniquely seen in midline gliomas in children and young adults. Summary Over the past decade, a remarkable accumulation of knowledge from the genomic study of gliomas has led to reclassification of tumors, new understanding of oncogenic mechanisms, and novel treatment strategies.
ArticleNumber 19
Author Cohen, Adam L.
Guan, Jian
Colman, Howard
Jensen, Randy L.
Karsy, Michael
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Michael
  surname: Karsy
  fullname: Karsy, Michael
  organization: Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah
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  surname: Guan
  fullname: Guan, Jian
  organization: Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Adam L.
  surname: Cohen
  fullname: Cohen, Adam L.
  organization: Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Randy L.
  surname: Jensen
  fullname: Jensen, Randy L.
  organization: Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Howard
  surname: Colman
  fullname: Colman, Howard
  email: howard.colman@hci.utah.edu
  organization: Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Utah
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ContentType Journal Article
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Copyright Springer Science+Business Media New York 2017
Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports is a copyright of Springer, 2017.
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ISSN 1528-4042
IngestDate Sat Aug 17 02:48:38 EDT 2024
Thu Oct 10 15:56:53 EDT 2024
Thu Sep 12 17:03:10 EDT 2024
Wed Oct 16 00:59:17 EDT 2024
Sat Dec 16 11:59:45 EST 2023
IsPeerReviewed true
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Issue 2
Keywords BRAF
Glioma
TERT
IDH
H3K27M
ATRX
Language English
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pubmed_primary_28271343
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PublicationDate 2017-02-01
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  year: 2017
  text: 2017-02-01
  day: 01
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PublicationTitle Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
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Publisher Springer US
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Snippet Purpose of Review This review will discuss the role of several key players in glioma classification and biology, namely isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2...
This review will discuss the role of several key players in glioma classification and biology, namely isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2), alpha...
Purpose of Review This review will discuss the role of several key players in glioma classification and biology, namely isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2...
PURPOSE OF REVIEWThis review will discuss the role of several key players in glioma classification and biology, namely isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2...
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SubjectTerms Brain Neoplasms - genetics
DNA Helicases - genetics
Genomics
Glioma - classification
Glioma - diagnosis
Glioma - genetics
Histones - genetics
Humans
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase - genetics
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Mutation
Neuro-Oncology (LE Abrey
Neurology
Neurosciences
Nuclear Proteins - genetics
Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf - genetics
Section Editor
Telomerase - genetics
Topical Collection on Neuro-Oncology
X-linked Nuclear Protein
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Title New Molecular Considerations for Glioma: IDH, ATRX, BRAF, TERT, H3 K27M
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