Raman Sensitive Degradation and Etching Dynamics of Exfoliated Black Phosphorus

Layered black phosphorus has drawn much attention due to the existence of a band gap compared to the widely known graphene. However, environmental stability of black phosphorus is still a major issue, which hinders the realization of practical device applications. Here, we spatially Raman map exfoli...

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Published inScientific reports Vol. 7; no. 1; p. 44540
Main Authors Alsaffar, Fadhel, Alodan, Sarah, Alrasheed, Abdul, Alhussain, Abdulrahman, Alrubaiq, Noura, Abbas, Ahmad, Amer, Moh. R.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 20.03.2017
Nature Publishing Group
Subjects
140/133
142/126
639/166/987
639/301/357/1018
639/624/1107/328/1978
639/624/1107/527/1821
639/925/357/1018
Etching
Fabrication
Humanities and Social Sciences
multidisciplinary
Oxidation
Phosphorus
Polymethylmethacrylate
Scanning
Science
Thin films
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Abstract Layered black phosphorus has drawn much attention due to the existence of a band gap compared to the widely known graphene. However, environmental stability of black phosphorus is still a major issue, which hinders the realization of practical device applications. Here, we spatially Raman map exfoliated black phosphorus using confocal fast-scanning technique at different time intervals. We observe a Raman intensity modulation for , B 2 g , and modes. This Raman modulation is found to be caused by optical interference, which gives insights into the oxidation mechanism. Finally, we examine the fabrication compatible PMMA coating as a viable passivation layer. Our measurements indicate that PMMA passivated black phosphorus thin film flakes can stay pristine for a period of 19 days when left in a dark environment, allowing sufficient time for further nanofabrication processing. Our results shed light on black phosphorus degradation which can aid future passivation methods.
AbstractList Abstract Layered black phosphorus has drawn much attention due to the existence of a band gap compared to the widely known graphene. However, environmental stability of black phosphorus is still a major issue, which hinders the realization of practical device applications. Here, we spatially Raman map exfoliated black phosphorus using confocal fast-scanning technique at different time intervals. We observe a Raman intensity modulation for "Equation missing" , B 2 g , and "Equation missing" modes. This Raman modulation is found to be caused by optical interference, which gives insights into the oxidation mechanism. Finally, we examine the fabrication compatible PMMA coating as a viable passivation layer. Our measurements indicate that PMMA passivated black phosphorus thin film flakes can stay pristine for a period of 19 days when left in a dark environment, allowing sufficient time for further nanofabrication processing. Our results shed light on black phosphorus degradation which can aid future passivation methods.
Layered black phosphorus has drawn much attention due to the existence of a band gap compared to the widely known graphene. However, environmental stability of black phosphorus is still a major issue, which hinders the realization of practical device applications. Here, we spatially Raman map exfoliated black phosphorus using confocal fast-scanning technique at different time intervals. We observe a Raman intensity modulation for , B 2 g , and modes. This Raman modulation is found to be caused by optical interference, which gives insights into the oxidation mechanism. Finally, we examine the fabrication compatible PMMA coating as a viable passivation layer. Our measurements indicate that PMMA passivated black phosphorus thin film flakes can stay pristine for a period of 19 days when left in a dark environment, allowing sufficient time for further nanofabrication processing. Our results shed light on black phosphorus degradation which can aid future passivation methods.
Layered black phosphorus has drawn much attention due to the existence of a band gap compared to the widely known graphene. However, environmental stability of black phosphorus is still a major issue, which hinders the realization of practical device applications. Here, we spatially Raman map exfoliated black phosphorus using confocal fast-scanning technique at different time intervals. We observe a Raman intensity modulation for , B2g, and modes. This Raman modulation is found to be caused by optical interference, which gives insights into the oxidation mechanism. Finally, we examine the fabrication compatible PMMA coating as a viable passivation layer. Our measurements indicate that PMMA passivated black phosphorus thin film flakes can stay pristine for a period of 19 days when left in a dark environment, allowing sufficient time for further nanofabrication processing. Our results shed light on black phosphorus degradation which can aid future passivation methods.
Layered black phosphorus has drawn much attention due to the existence of a band gap compared to the widely known graphene. However, environmental stability of black phosphorus is still a major issue, which hinders the realization of practical device applications. Here, we spatially Raman map exfoliated black phosphorus using confocal fast-scanning technique at different time intervals. We observe a Raman intensity modulation for , B , and modes. This Raman modulation is found to be caused by optical interference, which gives insights into the oxidation mechanism. Finally, we examine the fabrication compatible PMMA coating as a viable passivation layer. Our measurements indicate that PMMA passivated black phosphorus thin film flakes can stay pristine for a period of 19 days when left in a dark environment, allowing sufficient time for further nanofabrication processing. Our results shed light on black phosphorus degradation which can aid future passivation methods.
ArticleNumber 44540
Author Alodan, Sarah
Alrasheed, Abdul
Alhussain, Abdulrahman
Alrubaiq, Noura
Alsaffar, Fadhel
Abbas, Ahmad
Amer, Moh. R.
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  givenname: Abdulrahman
  surname: Alhussain
  fullname: Alhussain, Abdulrahman
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  givenname: Ahmad
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  givenname: Moh. R.
  surname: Amer
  fullname: Amer, Moh. R.
  email: mamer@seas.ucla.edu
  organization: Center of Excellence for Green Nanotechnologies, Joint Centers of Excellence Program King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology P.O Box 6086, Department of Electrical Engineering 420 Westwood Plaza, 5412 Boelter Hall University of California
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28317834$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet Layered black phosphorus has drawn much attention due to the existence of a band gap compared to the widely known graphene. However, environmental stability of...
Abstract Layered black phosphorus has drawn much attention due to the existence of a band gap compared to the widely known graphene. However, environmental...
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SubjectTerms 140/133
142/126
639/166/987
639/301/357/1018
639/624/1107/328/1978
639/624/1107/527/1821
639/925/357/1018
Etching
Fabrication
Humanities and Social Sciences
multidisciplinary
Oxidation
Phosphorus
Polymethylmethacrylate
Scanning
Science
Thin films
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Title Raman Sensitive Degradation and Etching Dynamics of Exfoliated Black Phosphorus
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/srep44540
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