Phthalate metabolites: Characterization, toxicities, global distribution, and exposure assessment

• Published in: Environmental pollution (1987) Vol. 291; p. 118106
• Main Authors: Zhang, Ying-Jie, Guo, Jia-Liang, Xue, Jing-chuan, Bai, Cui-Lan, Guo, Ying
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 15.12.2021
• Subjects: amniotic fluid; Asia; blood; breast milk; EDI model; Europe; exposure assessment; geographical distribution; Global distribution; Human exposure profile; Human matrix; humans; metabolites; pharmacokinetics; Phthalate metabolite; phthalates; pollution; Toxicity; urine; Asia; Europe; Phthalate metabolite; Human matrix; Global distribution; Human exposure profile; EDI model; Toxicity

Phthalates are plasticizers in various products and regarded as endocrine disruptors due to their anti-androgen effects. Environmental occurrence and toxicities of parent phthalates have been widely reported, while the current state of knowledge on their metabolites is rarely summarized. Based on th...