Mass coral mortality under local amplification of 2 °C ocean warming
A 2 °C increase in global temperature above pre-industrial levels is considered a reasonable target for avoiding the most devastating impacts of anthropogenic climate change. In June 2015, sea surface temperature (SST) of the South China Sea (SCS) increased by 2 °C in response to the developing Paci...
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| Published in | Scientific reports Vol. 7; no. 1; p. 44586 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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23.03.2017
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| Abstract | A 2 °C increase in global temperature above pre-industrial levels is considered a reasonable target for avoiding the most devastating impacts of anthropogenic climate change. In June 2015, sea surface temperature (SST) of the South China Sea (SCS) increased by 2 °C in response to the developing Pacific El Niño. On its own, this moderate, short-lived warming was unlikely to cause widespread damage to coral reefs in the region, and the coral reef “Bleaching Alert” alarm was not raised. However, on Dongsha Atoll, in the northern SCS, unusually weak winds created low-flow conditions that amplified the 2 °C basin-scale anomaly. Water temperatures on the reef flat, normally indistinguishable from open-ocean SST, exceeded 6 °C above normal summertime levels. Mass coral bleaching quickly ensued, killing 40% of the resident coral community in an event unprecedented in at least the past 40 years. Our findings highlight the risks of 2 °C ocean warming to coral reef ecosystems when global and local processes align to drive intense heating, with devastating consequences. |
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| AbstractList | A 2 °C increase in global temperature above pre-industrial levels is considered a reasonable target for avoiding the most devastating impacts of anthropogenic climate change. In June 2015, sea surface temperature (SST) of the South China Sea (SCS) increased by 2 °C in response to the developing Pacific El Niño. On its own, this moderate, short-lived warming was unlikely to cause widespread damage to coral reefs in the region, and the coral reef "Bleaching Alert" alarm was not raised. However, on Dongsha Atoll, in the northern SCS, unusually weak winds created low-flow conditions that amplified the 2 °C basin-scale anomaly. Water temperatures on the reef flat, normally indistinguishable from open-ocean SST, exceeded 6 °C above normal summertime levels. Mass coral bleaching quickly ensued, killing 40% of the resident coral community in an event unprecedented in at least the past 40 years. Our findings highlight the risks of 2 °C ocean warming to coral reef ecosystems when global and local processes align to drive intense heating, with devastating consequences. Abstract A 2 °C increase in global temperature above pre-industrial levels is considered a reasonable target for avoiding the most devastating impacts of anthropogenic climate change. In June 2015, sea surface temperature (SST) of the South China Sea (SCS) increased by 2 °C in response to the developing Pacific El Niño. On its own, this moderate, short-lived warming was unlikely to cause widespread damage to coral reefs in the region, and the coral reef “Bleaching Alert” alarm was not raised. However, on Dongsha Atoll, in the northern SCS, unusually weak winds created low-flow conditions that amplified the 2 °C basin-scale anomaly. Water temperatures on the reef flat, normally indistinguishable from open-ocean SST, exceeded 6 °C above normal summertime levels. Mass coral bleaching quickly ensued, killing 40% of the resident coral community in an event unprecedented in at least the past 40 years. Our findings highlight the risks of 2 °C ocean warming to coral reef ecosystems when global and local processes align to drive intense heating, with devastating consequences. |
| ArticleNumber | 44586 |
| Author | DeCarlo, Thomas M. Cohen, Anne L. Davis, Kristen A. Soong, Keryea Wong, George T. F. Lohmann, Pat |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Thomas M. surname: DeCarlo fullname: DeCarlo, Thomas M. email: thomas.decarlo@uwa.edu.au organization: Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Present address: Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia – sequence: 2 givenname: Anne L. surname: Cohen fullname: Cohen, Anne L. email: acohen@whoi.edu organization: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution – sequence: 3 givenname: George T. F. surname: Wong fullname: Wong, George T. F. organization: Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Old Dominion University, Norfolk – sequence: 4 givenname: Kristen A. surname: Davis fullname: Davis, Kristen A. organization: University of California, Irvine – sequence: 5 givenname: Pat surname: Lohmann fullname: Lohmann, Pat organization: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution – sequence: 6 givenname: Keryea surname: Soong fullname: Soong, Keryea organization: National Sun Yat-sen University |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28333165$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | A 2 °C increase in global temperature above pre-industrial levels is considered a reasonable target for avoiding the most devastating impacts of anthropogenic... Abstract A 2 °C increase in global temperature above pre-industrial levels is considered a reasonable target for avoiding the most devastating impacts of... A 2 °C increase in global temperature above pre-industrial levels is considered a reasonable target for avoiding the most devastating impacts of anthropogenic... |
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| SubjectTerms | 704/106/694/2739 704/829/2737 704/829/826 Anthropogenic factors Climate change Coral bleaching Coral reefs Humanities and Social Sciences multidisciplinary Risk factors Science Temperature effects Water temperature |
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| Title | Mass coral mortality under local amplification of 2 °C ocean warming |
| URI | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/srep44586 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28333165 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1903386597 https://search.proquest.com/docview/1880471377 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC5363223 |
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