Self‐medication with alcohol or drugs for mood and anxiety disorders: A narrative review of the epidemiological literature

Background The comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders (MD and AD) with substance use disorders (SUD) is common. One explanation for this comorbidity is the self‐medication hypothesis, which posits that individuals with MD or AD use substances to cope with the difficult symptoms associated with th...

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Published inDepression and anxiety Vol. 35; no. 9; pp. 851 - 860
Main Authors Turner, Sarah, Mota, Natalie, Bolton, James, Sareen, Jitender
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.09.2018
John Wiley and Sons Inc
Subjects
addiction
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Alcohol
Alcoholism
alcoholism/alcohol use disorders
Anxiety
Anxiety disorders
Anxiety Disorders - drug therapy
Anxiety Disorders - epidemiology
anxiety/anxiety disorders
Comorbidity
Coping
depression
Drug use
Epidemiology
Female
Humans
Male
Mental depression
Middle Aged
Mood
Mood Disorders - drug therapy
Mood Disorders - epidemiology
Review
Reviews
Self Medication - statistics & numerical data
Self-medication
substance use disorders
Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology
Young Adult
epidemiology
alcoholism/alcohol use disorders
addiction
substance use disorders
anxiety/anxiety disorders
depression
coping
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Abstract Background The comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders (MD and AD) with substance use disorders (SUD) is common. One explanation for this comorbidity is the self‐medication hypothesis, which posits that individuals with MD or AD use substances to cope with the difficult symptoms associated with the disorder. Over time, self‐medication (SM) can develop into an independent SUD. This narrative review will present the prevalence and correlates of SM with alcohol and/or drugs for MD and AD and the relationship between SM and subsequent SUD using both cross‐sectional and longitudinal epidemiological data. Methods Scopus and PsycINFO were searched from January 1997 to April 2018 to identify original research articles that examined the prevalence and correlates of SM and the temporal relationship between MD/AD and SUD in the general population (n = 22). Results The prevalence of SM with alcohol and/or drugs among those with MD or AD ranged from 21.9% to 24.1%. Male sex, younger age, being separated, divorced or widowed, and being Caucasian were characteristics associated with higher proportions of respondents endorsing SM with alcohol/drugs for MD and AD. Longitudinal data supports the temporal onset of primary MD/AD and secondary SUD among those who self‐report SM. Conclusion Providing and promoting alternate coping strategies for those with MD/AD may reduce SM, the development of SUD, and the comorbidity of MD/AD with SUD. The concurrent treatment of MD/AD and substance use is the current “gold standard” model of care, and the results of this review support its use.
AbstractList BackgroundThe comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders (MD and AD) with substance use disorders (SUD) is common. One explanation for this comorbidity is the self‐medication hypothesis, which posits that individuals with MD or AD use substances to cope with the difficult symptoms associated with the disorder. Over time, self‐medication (SM) can develop into an independent SUD. This narrative review will present the prevalence and correlates of SM with alcohol and/or drugs for MD and AD and the relationship between SM and subsequent SUD using both cross‐sectional and longitudinal epidemiological data.MethodsScopus and PsycINFO were searched from January 1997 to April 2018 to identify original research articles that examined the prevalence and correlates of SM and the temporal relationship between MD/AD and SUD in the general population (n = 22).ResultsThe prevalence of SM with alcohol and/or drugs among those with MD or AD ranged from 21.9% to 24.1%. Male sex, younger age, being separated, divorced or widowed, and being Caucasian were characteristics associated with higher proportions of respondents endorsing SM with alcohol/drugs for MD and AD. Longitudinal data supports the temporal onset of primary MD/AD and secondary SUD among those who self‐report SM.ConclusionProviding and promoting alternate coping strategies for those with MD/AD may reduce SM, the development of SUD, and the comorbidity of MD/AD with SUD. The concurrent treatment of MD/AD and substance use is the current “gold standard” model of care, and the results of this review support its use.
Background The comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders (MD and AD) with substance use disorders (SUD) is common. One explanation for this comorbidity is the self‐medication hypothesis, which posits that individuals with MD or AD use substances to cope with the difficult symptoms associated with the disorder. Over time, self‐medication (SM) can develop into an independent SUD. This narrative review will present the prevalence and correlates of SM with alcohol and/or drugs for MD and AD and the relationship between SM and subsequent SUD using both cross‐sectional and longitudinal epidemiological data. Methods Scopus and PsycINFO were searched from January 1997 to April 2018 to identify original research articles that examined the prevalence and correlates of SM and the temporal relationship between MD/AD and SUD in the general population (n = 22). Results The prevalence of SM with alcohol and/or drugs among those with MD or AD ranged from 21.9% to 24.1%. Male sex, younger age, being separated, divorced or widowed, and being Caucasian were characteristics associated with higher proportions of respondents endorsing SM with alcohol/drugs for MD and AD. Longitudinal data supports the temporal onset of primary MD/AD and secondary SUD among those who self‐report SM. Conclusion Providing and promoting alternate coping strategies for those with MD/AD may reduce SM, the development of SUD, and the comorbidity of MD/AD with SUD. The concurrent treatment of MD/AD and substance use is the current “gold standard” model of care, and the results of this review support its use.
The comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders (MD and AD) with substance use disorders (SUD) is common. One explanation for this comorbidity is the self-medication hypothesis, which posits that individuals with MD or AD use substances to cope with the difficult symptoms associated with the disorder. Over time, self-medication (SM) can develop into an independent SUD. This narrative review will present the prevalence and correlates of SM with alcohol and/or drugs for MD and AD and the relationship between SM and subsequent SUD using both cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiological data.BACKGROUNDThe comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders (MD and AD) with substance use disorders (SUD) is common. One explanation for this comorbidity is the self-medication hypothesis, which posits that individuals with MD or AD use substances to cope with the difficult symptoms associated with the disorder. Over time, self-medication (SM) can develop into an independent SUD. This narrative review will present the prevalence and correlates of SM with alcohol and/or drugs for MD and AD and the relationship between SM and subsequent SUD using both cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiological data.Scopus and PsycINFO were searched from January 1997 to April 2018 to identify original research articles that examined the prevalence and correlates of SM and the temporal relationship between MD/AD and SUD in the general population (n = 22).METHODSScopus and PsycINFO were searched from January 1997 to April 2018 to identify original research articles that examined the prevalence and correlates of SM and the temporal relationship between MD/AD and SUD in the general population (n = 22).The prevalence of SM with alcohol and/or drugs among those with MD or AD ranged from 21.9% to 24.1%. Male sex, younger age, being separated, divorced or widowed, and being Caucasian were characteristics associated with higher proportions of respondents endorsing SM with alcohol/drugs for MD and AD. Longitudinal data supports the temporal onset of primary MD/AD and secondary SUD among those who self-report SM.RESULTSThe prevalence of SM with alcohol and/or drugs among those with MD or AD ranged from 21.9% to 24.1%. Male sex, younger age, being separated, divorced or widowed, and being Caucasian were characteristics associated with higher proportions of respondents endorsing SM with alcohol/drugs for MD and AD. Longitudinal data supports the temporal onset of primary MD/AD and secondary SUD among those who self-report SM.Providing and promoting alternate coping strategies for those with MD/AD may reduce SM, the development of SUD, and the comorbidity of MD/AD with SUD. The concurrent treatment of MD/AD and substance use is the current "gold standard" model of care, and the results of this review support its use.CONCLUSIONProviding and promoting alternate coping strategies for those with MD/AD may reduce SM, the development of SUD, and the comorbidity of MD/AD with SUD. The concurrent treatment of MD/AD and substance use is the current "gold standard" model of care, and the results of this review support its use.
The comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders (MD and AD) with substance use disorders (SUD) is common. One explanation for this comorbidity is the self-medication hypothesis, which posits that individuals with MD or AD use substances to cope with the difficult symptoms associated with the disorder. Over time, self-medication (SM) can develop into an independent SUD. This narrative review will present the prevalence and correlates of SM with alcohol and/or drugs for MD and AD and the relationship between SM and subsequent SUD using both cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiological data. Scopus and PsycINFO were searched from January 1997 to April 2018 to identify original research articles that examined the prevalence and correlates of SM and the temporal relationship between MD/AD and SUD in the general population (n = 22). The prevalence of SM with alcohol and/or drugs among those with MD or AD ranged from 21.9% to 24.1%. Male sex, younger age, being separated, divorced or widowed, and being Caucasian were characteristics associated with higher proportions of respondents endorsing SM with alcohol/drugs for MD and AD. Longitudinal data supports the temporal onset of primary MD/AD and secondary SUD among those who self-report SM. Providing and promoting alternate coping strategies for those with MD/AD may reduce SM, the development of SUD, and the comorbidity of MD/AD with SUD. The concurrent treatment of MD/AD and substance use is the current "gold standard" model of care, and the results of this review support its use.
Author Bolton, James
Turner, Sarah
Mota, Natalie
Sareen, Jitender
AuthorAffiliation 1 Department of Psychiatry and Community Health Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
2 Department of Clinical Health Psychology University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
3 Department of Psychiatry Psychology and Community Health Sciences Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 3 Department of Psychiatry Psychology and Community Health Sciences Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
– name: 1 Department of Psychiatry and Community Health Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
– name: 2 Department of Clinical Health Psychology University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Sarah
  orcidid: 0000-0003-2541-6072
  surname: Turner
  fullname: Turner, Sarah
  organization: University of Manitoba
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Natalie
  surname: Mota
  fullname: Mota, Natalie
  organization: University of Manitoba
– sequence: 3
  givenname: James
  surname: Bolton
  fullname: Bolton, James
  organization: Psychology and Community Health Sciences
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Jitender
  surname: Sareen
  fullname: Sareen, Jitender
  email: sareen@umanitoba.ca
  organization: Psychology and Community Health Sciences
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29999576$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords epidemiology
alcoholism/alcohol use disorders
addiction
substance use disorders
anxiety/anxiety disorders
depression
coping
Language English
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2018, The Authors. Depression and Anxiety published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Snippet Background The comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders (MD and AD) with substance use disorders (SUD) is common. One explanation for this comorbidity is the...
The comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders (MD and AD) with substance use disorders (SUD) is common. One explanation for this comorbidity is the...
BackgroundThe comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders (MD and AD) with substance use disorders (SUD) is common. One explanation for this comorbidity is the...
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StartPage 851
SubjectTerms addiction
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Alcohol
Alcoholism
alcoholism/alcohol use disorders
Anxiety
Anxiety disorders
Anxiety Disorders - drug therapy
Anxiety Disorders - epidemiology
anxiety/anxiety disorders
Comorbidity
Coping
depression
Drug use
Epidemiology
Female
Humans
Male
Mental depression
Middle Aged
Mood
Mood Disorders - drug therapy
Mood Disorders - epidemiology
Review
Reviews
Self Medication - statistics & numerical data
Self-medication
substance use disorders
Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology
Young Adult
Title Self‐medication with alcohol or drugs for mood and anxiety disorders: A narrative review of the epidemiological literature
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2Fda.22771
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29999576
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2098868492
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2068925746
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6175215
Volume 35
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