Novel esophageal squamous cell carcinoma bone metastatic clone isolated by scintigraphy, X ray and micro PET/CT

• Published in: World journal of gastroenterology : WJG Vol. 20; no. 4; pp. 1030 - 1037
• Main Author: Zhao, Bi-Zeng
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited 28.01.2014
• Subjects: Animals; Bone; Bone Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging; Bone Neoplasms - genetics; Bone Neoplasms - secondary; carcinoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - diagnostic imaging; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - genetics; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - secondary; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - surgery; cell; Cell Line, Tumor; Chromosomes, Human; Esophageal; Esophageal Neoplasms - genetics; Esophageal Neoplasms - pathology; Esophageal Neoplasms - surgery; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Heterografts; Humans; Karyotyping; line; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Middle Aged; Multimodal Imaging - methods; Neoplasm Transplantation; Original; Positron-Emission Tomography; Predictive Value of Tests; Radiopharmaceuticals; squamous; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate; X-Ray Microtomography; Molecular imaging; Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; Bone metastasis; Cell line; Real-time polymerase chain reaction
• DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i4.1030
• ISSN: 1007-9327; 2219-2840

AIM:To establish a Chinese esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)cell line with high bone metastasis potency using99mTc-methylene diphosphonate(99mTcMDP)micro-pinhole scintigraphy,X ray and micropositron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT)for exploring the mechanism of occurrence and development in esophageal cancer.METHODS:The cells came from a BALB/c nu/nu immunodeficient mouse,and oncogenic tumor tissue was from a surgical specimen from a 61-year-old male patient with ESCC.The cell growth curve was mapped and analysis of chromosome karyotype was performed.Approximately 1×106oncogenic cells were injected into the left cardiac ventricle of immunodeficient mice.The bone metastatic lesions of tumor-bearing mice were detected by99mTc-MDP scintigraphy,micro-PET/CT and X-ray,and were resected from the mice under deep anesthesia.The bone metastatic cells in the lesions were used for culture and for repeated intracardiac inoculation.This in vivo/in vitro experimental metastasis study was repeated for four cycles.All of the suspicious bone sites were confirmed by pathology.Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to compare the gene expression in the parental cells and in the bone metastatic clone.RESULTS:The surgical specimen was implanted subcutaneously in immunodeficient mice and the tumorigenesis rate was 100%.First-passage oncogenic cells were named CEK-Sq-1.The chromosome karyotype analysis of the cell line was hypotriploid.The bone metastasis rate went from 20%with the first-passage oncogenic cells via intracardiac inoculation to 90%after four cycles.The established bone metastasis clone named CEK-Sq-1BM had a high potential to metastasize in bone,including mandible,humerus,thoracic and lumbar vertebrae,scapula and femur.The bone metastasis lesions were successfully detected by micro-pinhole bone scintigraphy,micro-PET/CT,and X-ray.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of the micro-pinhole scintigraphy,X-ray,and micro-PET/CT imaging examinations were:89.66%/32%/80%,88.2%/100%/89.2%,and 88.75%/77.5%/87.5%,respectively.Some gene expression difference was found between parental and bone metastasis cells.CONCLUSION:This newly established Chinese ESCC cell line and animal model may provide a useful tool for the study of the pathogenesis and development of esophageal carcinoma.