Chironomid (Diptera: Chironomidae) communities in six European glacier-fed streams
1. A study on glacial stream ecosystems was carried out in six regions across Europe, from Svalbard to the French Pyrenees. The main aim was to test the validity of the conceptual model of Milner & Petts (1994) with regard to the zonation of chironomids of glacier‐fed rivers along altitudinal an...
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Published in | Freshwater biology Vol. 46; no. 12; pp. 1791 - 1809 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Oxford UK
Blackwell Science Ltd
01.12.2001
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
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Abstract | 1. A study on glacial stream ecosystems was carried out in six regions across Europe, from Svalbard to the French Pyrenees. The main aim was to test the validity of the conceptual model of Milner & Petts (1994) with regard to the zonation of chironomids of glacier‐fed rivers along altitudinal and latitudinal gradient.
2. Channel stability varied considerably, both on the latitudinal and altitudinal scale, being lowest in the northern regions (Svalbard, Iceland and Norway) and the Swiss Alps. Water temperature at the upstream sites was always <2 °C.
3. There was a prominent difference in taxonomic richness between the Alpine and the northern European regions, with a higher number of taxa in the south. In all regions, the chironomid community was characterized by the genus Diamesa and the subfamily Orthocladiinae. Of a total of 63 taxa recorded, two (Diamesa bertrami and Orthocladius frigidus) were common in all the regions except Svalbard.
4. On the basis of cluster analysis, seven distinct groups of sites were evident amongst glacial‐fed systems of the five regions (Pyrenees excluded). This classification separated the glacier‐fed streams on geographical, latitudinal and downstream gradients.
5. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) of environmental variables was carried out using 41 taxa at 105 sites. Slope, water depth, distance from source, water temperature and the Pfankuch channel stability index were found to be the major explanatory environmental variables. The analysis separated Diamesinae and typical upstream orthoclads from the other chironomids by low temperature and high channel instability.
6. In all six regions, Diamesa was present closest to the glacier. Within 200 m of the glacier snout, other genera of Diamesinae were found together with Orthocladiinae. Pioneer taxa like Diamesa species coexisted with later colonizers like Eukiefferiella minor/fittkaui in relatively unstable channels.
7. The longitudinal succession of chironomid assemblages across altitudinal and latitudinal gradients in glacial streams followed the same pattern, with similar genera and groups of species. The general aspects of the conceptual model of Milner & Petts (1994) were supported. However, Diamesa species have wider temperature limits than predicted and other Diamesinae as well as Orthocladiinae colonize metakryal habitats. |
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AbstractList | 1. A study on glacial stream ecosystems was carried out in six regions across Europe, from Svalbard to the French Pyrenees. The main aim was to test the validity of the conceptual model of
Milner & Petts (1994)
with regard to the zonation of chironomids of glacier‐fed rivers along altitudinal and latitudinal gradient.
2. Channel stability varied considerably, both on the latitudinal and altitudinal scale, being lowest in the northern regions (Svalbard, Iceland and Norway) and the Swiss Alps. Water temperature at the upstream sites was always <2 °C.
3. There was a prominent difference in taxonomic richness between the Alpine and the northern European regions, with a higher number of taxa in the south. In all regions, the chironomid community was characterized by the genus
Diamesa
and the subfamily Orthocladiinae. Of a total of 63 taxa recorded, two (
Diamesa bertrami
and
Orthocladius frigidus
) were common in all the regions except Svalbard.
4. On the basis of cluster analysis, seven distinct groups of sites were evident amongst glacial‐fed systems of the five regions (Pyrenees excluded). This classification separated the glacier‐fed streams on geographical, latitudinal and downstream gradients.
5. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) of environmental variables was carried out using 41 taxa at 105 sites. Slope, water depth, distance from source, water temperature and the Pfankuch channel stability index were found to be the major explanatory environmental variables. The analysis separated Diamesinae and typical upstream orthoclads from the other chironomids by low temperature and high channel instability.
6. In all six regions,
Diamesa
was present closest to the glacier. Within 200 m of the glacier snout, other genera of Diamesinae were found together with Orthocladiinae. Pioneer taxa like
Diamesa
species coexisted with later colonizers like
Eukiefferiella minor/fittkaui
in relatively unstable channels.
7. The longitudinal succession of chironomid assemblages across altitudinal and latitudinal gradients in glacial streams followed the same pattern, with similar genera and groups of species. The general aspects of the conceptual model of
Milner & Petts (1994)
were supported. However,
Diamesa
species have wider temperature limits than predicted and other Diamesinae as well as Orthocladiinae colonize metakryal habitats. 1. A study on glacial stream ecosystems was carried out in six regions across Europe, from Svalbard to the French Pyrenees. The main aim was to test the validity of the conceptual model of Milner & Petts (1994) with regard to the zonation of chironomids of glacier‐fed rivers along altitudinal and latitudinal gradient. 2. Channel stability varied considerably, both on the latitudinal and altitudinal scale, being lowest in the northern regions (Svalbard, Iceland and Norway) and the Swiss Alps. Water temperature at the upstream sites was always <2 °C. 3. There was a prominent difference in taxonomic richness between the Alpine and the northern European regions, with a higher number of taxa in the south. In all regions, the chironomid community was characterized by the genus Diamesa and the subfamily Orthocladiinae. Of a total of 63 taxa recorded, two (Diamesa bertrami and Orthocladius frigidus) were common in all the regions except Svalbard. 4. On the basis of cluster analysis, seven distinct groups of sites were evident amongst glacial‐fed systems of the five regions (Pyrenees excluded). This classification separated the glacier‐fed streams on geographical, latitudinal and downstream gradients. 5. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) of environmental variables was carried out using 41 taxa at 105 sites. Slope, water depth, distance from source, water temperature and the Pfankuch channel stability index were found to be the major explanatory environmental variables. The analysis separated Diamesinae and typical upstream orthoclads from the other chironomids by low temperature and high channel instability. 6. In all six regions, Diamesa was present closest to the glacier. Within 200 m of the glacier snout, other genera of Diamesinae were found together with Orthocladiinae. Pioneer taxa like Diamesa species coexisted with later colonizers like Eukiefferiella minor/fittkaui in relatively unstable channels. 7. The longitudinal succession of chironomid assemblages across altitudinal and latitudinal gradients in glacial streams followed the same pattern, with similar genera and groups of species. The general aspects of the conceptual model of Milner & Petts (1994) were supported. However, Diamesa species have wider temperature limits than predicted and other Diamesinae as well as Orthocladiinae colonize metakryal habitats. A study on glacial stream ecosystems was carried out in six regions across Europe, from Svalbard to the French Pyrenees. The main aim was to test the validity of the conceptual model of Milner & Petts (1994) with regard to the zonation of chironomids of glacier-fed rivers along altitudinal and latitudinal gradient.Channel stability varied considerably, both on the latitudinal and altitudinal scale, being lowest in the northern regions (Svalbard, Iceland and Norway) and the Swiss Alps. Water temperature at the upstream sites was always <2 degree C.There was a prominent difference in taxonomic richness between the Alpine and the northern European regions, with a higher number of taxa in the south. In all regions, the chironomid community was characterized by the genus Diamesa and the subfamily Orthocladiinae. Of a total of 63 taxa recorded, two (Diamesa bertrami and Orthocladius frigidus) were common in all the regions except Svalbard.On the basis of cluster analysis, seven distinct groups of sites were evident amongst glacial-fed systems of the five regions (Pyrenees excluded). This classification separated the glacier-fed streams on geographical, latitudinal and downstream gradients.Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) of environmental variables was carried out using 41 taxa at 105 sites. Slope, water depth, distance from source, water temperature and the Pfankuch channel stability index were found to be the major explanatory environmental variables. The analysis separated Diamesinae and typical upstream orthoclads from the other chironomids by low temperature and high channel instability.In all six regions, Diamesa was present closest to the glacier. Within 200 m of the glacier snout, other genera of Diamesinae were found together with Orthocladiinae. Pioneer taxa like Diamesa species coexisted with later colonizers like Eukiefferiella minor /fittkaui in relatively unstable channels.The longitudinal succession of chironomid assemblages across altitudinal and latitudinal gradients in glacial streams followed the same pattern, with similar genera and groups of species. The general aspects of the conceptual model of Milner & Petts (1994) were supported. However, Diamesa species have wider temperature limits than predicted and other Diamesinae as well as Orthocladiinae colonize metakryal habitats. A study on glacial stream ecosystems was carried out in six regions across Europe, from Svalbard to the French Pyrenees. The main aim was to test the validity of the conceptual model of Milner & Petts with regard to the zonation of chironomids of glacier-fed rivers along altitudinal and latitudinal gradient. Channel stability varied considerably, both on the latitudinal and altitudinal scale, being lowest in the northern regions (Svalbard, Iceland and Norway) and the Swiss Alps. Water temperature at the upstream sites was always <2 degree C. There was a prominent difference in taxonomic richness between the Alpine and the northern European regions, with a higher number of taxa in the south. In all regions, the chironomid community was characterized by the genus Diamesa and the subfamily Orthocladiinae. Of a total of 63 taxa. recorded, two (Diamesa bertrami and Orthocladius frigidus) were common in all the regions except Svalbard. On the basis of cluster analysis, seven distinct groupsof sites were evident amongst glacial-fed systems of the five regions (Pyrenees excluded). This classification separated the glacier-fed streams on geographical, latitudinal and downstream gradients. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) of environmental variables was carried out using 41 taxa at 105 sites. Slope, water depth, distance from source, water temperature and the Pfankuch channel stability index were found to be the major explanatory environmental variables. The analysis separated Diamesinae and typical upstream orthoclads from the other chironomids by low temperature and high channel instability. In all six regions, Diamesa was present closest to the glacier. Within 200 m of the glacier snout, other genera of Diamesinae were found together with Orthocladiinae. Pioneer taxa like Diamesa spp. coexisted with later colonizers like Eukiefferiella minor /fittkaui in relatively unstable channels. The longitudinal succession of chironomid assemblages across altitudinal and latitudinal gradients in glacial streams followed the same pattern, with similar genera and groups of species. The general aspects of the conceptual model of Milner & Petts were supported. However, Diamesa spp. have wider temperature limits than predicted and other Diamesinae as well as Orthocladiinae colonize metakryal habitats. |
Author | Rossaro, B. Snook, D. L. Ólafsson, J. S. Velle, G. Lencioni, V. Brittain, J. E. Castella, E. Lods-Crozet, B. |
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Wasser und Abwasser Supplementband, 3/93, 1-513. 1987; 1 1987; 2 1983; 19 1986; 74 1975 2001b; 27 1936; 30 1992; 15 1980; 90 2001; 46 1972b; 104 1993; 3 1967; 57/58 1978 1997; 7 1968; 64 1990 2000 1978; 20 1980; 1978 1975; 2 1985 1997; 16 1983 1982 1999; 96 1981 1937; 8 1985; 15 1994; 32 1998; 29 1993; 49 1991a; 13 1989; 8 1998 1971; 103 1995 1992 1991 1991b; 58 1995; 18 2001a; 46 1999 1980; 16 1963; 58 2001; 151 1973; 63 1991; 24 1972a; 104 1986; 67 1952; 2 1986; 28 1999; 33 1975; 22 1987; 29 1967 e_1_2_7_5_2 e_1_2_7_3_2 e_1_2_7_9_2 Kownacki A. (e_1_2_7_27_2) 1991; 24 Thienemann A. (e_1_2_7_64_2) 1952; 2 e_1_2_7_7_2 e_1_2_7_19_2 e_1_2_7_17_2 Serra‐Tosio B. (e_1_2_7_58_2) 1967; 57 e_1_2_7_15_2 e_1_2_7_60_2 e_1_2_7_13_2 e_1_2_7_41_2 e_1_2_7_62_2 Dorier A. (e_1_2_7_11_2) 1937; 8 e_1_2_7_43_2 e_1_2_7_66_2 e_1_2_7_47_2 e_1_2_7_68_2 Schmid P.E. (e_1_2_7_55_2) 1993; 3 e_1_2_7_49_2 e_1_2_7_28_2 Rossaro B. (e_1_2_7_50_2) 1995; 18 Kownacki A. (e_1_2_7_26_2) 1987; 2 Kownacki A. (e_1_2_7_25_2) 1980; 1978 e_1_2_7_71_2 e_1_2_7_52_2 e_1_2_7_31_2 e_1_2_7_54_2 e_1_2_7_21_2 e_1_2_7_33_2 e_1_2_7_56_2 e_1_2_7_35_2 e_1_2_7_37_2 e_1_2_7_39_2 Jonsson B. (e_1_2_7_22_2) 1975; 22 Wiederholm T. (e_1_2_7_72_2) 1983; 19 Rossaro B. (e_1_2_7_45_2) 1980; 90 e_1_2_7_4_2 e_1_2_7_2_2 e_1_2_7_16_2 Kawecka B. (e_1_2_7_23_2) 1978; 20 e_1_2_7_61_2 e_1_2_7_14_2 e_1_2_7_40_2 e_1_2_7_12_2 e_1_2_7_42_2 Saether O.A. (e_1_2_7_53_2) 1968; 64 e_1_2_7_65_2 e_1_2_7_10_2 e_1_2_7_44_2 e_1_2_7_67_2 Wiederholm T. (e_1_2_7_73_2) 1986; 28 e_1_2_7_46_2 e_1_2_7_69_2 Serra‐Tosio B. (e_1_2_7_59_2) 1973; 63 e_1_2_7_48_2 e_1_2_7_29_2 Ward J.V. (e_1_2_7_70_2) 1986; 74 Brittain J.E. (e_1_2_7_6_2) 2001; 27 Kownacka M. (e_1_2_7_24_2) 1975; 2 e_1_2_7_30_2 e_1_2_7_51_2 e_1_2_7_32_2 Herrmann S.J. (e_1_2_7_18_2) 1987; 29 e_1_2_7_20_2 e_1_2_7_34_2 e_1_2_7_36_2 e_1_2_7_57_2 e_1_2_7_38_2 Thienemann A. (e_1_2_7_63_2) 1936; 30 Danks H.V. (e_1_2_7_8_2) 1999; 96 |
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Snippet | 1. A study on glacial stream ecosystems was carried out in six regions across Europe, from Svalbard to the French Pyrenees. The main aim was to test the... A study on glacial stream ecosystems was carried out in six regions across Europe, from Svalbard to the French Pyrenees. The main aim was to test the validity... |
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SubjectTerms | alpine arctic Chironomidae Diamesa bertrami Diamesa bohemani Diamesa latitarsis Diamesa steinboecki Diamesinae Eukiefferiella fittkaui Eukiefferiella minor Freshwater glacial stream latitudinal distribution Orthocladiinae Tanypodinae Thienemannia Tvetenia |
Title | Chironomid (Diptera: Chironomidae) communities in six European glacier-fed streams |
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