A scoping review of intermittent fasting, chronobiology, and metabolism
Chronobiology plays a crucial role in modulating many physiologic systems in which there is nutritional synergism with meal timing. Given that intermittent fasting (IF) has grown as a flexible dietary method consisting of delayed or early eating windows, this scoping review addresses the effects of...
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| Published in | The American journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 115; no. 4; pp. 991 - 1004 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Elsevier Inc
01.04.2022
Oxford University Press American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Chronobiology plays a crucial role in modulating many physiologic systems in which there is nutritional synergism with meal timing. Given that intermittent fasting (IF) has grown as a flexible dietary method consisting of delayed or early eating windows, this scoping review addresses the effects of IF protocols on metabolism as they relate to clinical nutrition and the circadian system. Although nocturnal habits are associated with circadian misalignments and impaired cardiometabolic profile—and nutritional physiology is better orchestrated during the day—most findings are based on animal experiments or human studies with observational designs or acute meal tests. Well-controlled randomized clinical trials employing IF protocols of delayed or early eating windows have sometimes demonstrated clinical benefits, such as improved glycemic and lipid profiles, as well as weight loss. However, IF does not appear to be more effective than traditional diets at the group level, and its effects largely depend on energy restriction. Thus, efforts must be made to identify patient biological rhythms, preferences, routines, and medical conditions before individual dietary prescription in clinical practice. |
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| AbstractList | ABSTRACT
Chronobiology plays a crucial role in modulating many physiologic systems in which there is nutritional synergism with meal timing. Given that intermittent fasting (IF) has grown as a flexible dietary method consisting of delayed or early eating windows, this scoping review addresses the effects of IF protocols on metabolism as they relate to clinical nutrition and the circadian system. Although nocturnal habits are associated with circadian misalignments and impaired cardiometabolic profile—and nutritional physiology is better orchestrated during the day—most findings are based on animal experiments or human studies with observational designs or acute meal tests. Well-controlled randomized clinical trials employing IF protocols of delayed or early eating windows have sometimes demonstrated clinical benefits, such as improved glycemic and lipid profiles, as well as weight loss. However, IF does not appear to be more effective than traditional diets at the group level, and its effects largely depend on energy restriction. Thus, efforts must be made to identify patient biological rhythms, preferences, routines, and medical conditions before individual dietary prescription in clinical practice. Chronobiology plays a crucial role in modulating many physiologic systems in which there is nutritional synergism with meal timing. Given that intermittent fasting (IF) has grown as a flexible dietary method consisting of delayed or early eating windows, this scoping review addresses the effects of IF protocols on metabolism as they relate to clinical nutrition and the circadian system. Although nocturnal habits are associated with circadian misalignments and impaired cardiometabolic profile—and nutritional physiology is better orchestrated during the day—most findings are based on animal experiments or human studies with observational designs or acute meal tests. Well-controlled randomized clinical trials employing IF protocols of delayed or early eating windows have sometimes demonstrated clinical benefits, such as improved glycemic and lipid profiles, as well as weight loss. However, IF does not appear to be more effective than traditional diets at the group level, and its effects largely depend on energy restriction. Thus, efforts must be made to identify patient biological rhythms, preferences, routines, and medical conditions before individual dietary prescription in clinical practice. |
| Author | Santos, Heitor O Tinsley, Grant M Carteri, Randhall B Genario, Rafael Coelho-Ravagnani, Christianne de Faria Ribeiro, Poliana Mota, João F |
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| Copyright | 2022 American Society for Nutrition. The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition. 2022 The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition. Copyright American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc. Apr 2022 |
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| Keywords | EE FFA cardiovascular disease T2DM time-restricted eating RCT weight loss TRF FBG eTRF time-restricted feeding DIT chrononutrition TC WMD intermittent fasting AMPK alternate-day fasting diabetes IF obesity |
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| SubjectTerms | alternate-day fasting Animals Biological clocks Blood Glucose Body weight loss cardiovascular disease chrononutrition Circadian Rhythm Circadian rhythms Clinical nutrition Clinical trials diabetes Diet Eating Fasting Humans intermittent fasting Lipids Meals - physiology Metabolism Nutrition Nutrition therapy obesity Synergism time-restricted eating time-restricted feeding Weight loss Weight Loss - physiology |
| Title | A scoping review of intermittent fasting, chronobiology, and metabolism |
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