The effect of the biomass components lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose on TGA and fixed bed pyrolysis
► Pyrolysis characteristics of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were identified. ► Components fractions were identified by atomic balance and optimization model. ► Higher lignin content led to slower decomposition and lower product gas. ► Lignin content of biomass is the main controlling factor o...
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| Published in | Journal of analytical and applied pyrolysis Vol. 101; pp. 177 - 184 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier B.V
01.05.2013
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0165-2370 1873-250X |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jaap.2013.01.012 |
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| Abstract | ► Pyrolysis characteristics of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were identified. ► Components fractions were identified by atomic balance and optimization model. ► Higher lignin content led to slower decomposition and lower product gas. ► Lignin content of biomass is the main controlling factor of industrial pyrolysis. ► Industrial fixed bed gasification can be according to the feedstock composition.
Thermochemical conversion of biomass has been studied extensively over the last decades. For the design, optimization and modeling of thermochemical conversion processes, such as fixed bed pyrolysis, a sound understanding of pyrolysis is essential. However, the decomposition mechanism of most biomass types into gaseous, liquid, and solid fractions is still unknown because of the complexity of pyrolysis and differences in biomass composition.
The aim of this study was to find characteristic differences in the pyrolysis behavior of three widely used biomass feedstocks to optimize the performance of industrial fixed bed pyrolysis. This aim was achieved in three steps. First, devolatilization kinetics during pyrolysis of three biomass types was investigated in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Then, a one-step multi-component pyrolysis model with three independent parallel reactions for hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin was derived to correlate the kinetics with single component decomposition and to identify their amount in the biomass sample. In a final step, the findings were tested in a fixed bed reactor at laboratory scale to prove applicability in industrial processes.
Three types of biomass were chosen for this investigation: wheat straw, rape straw and spruce wood with bark. They represent biomass with a high cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content, respectively. Since lignin is the most stable and complex of these three biomass components, its amount is assumed to be the main controlling factor in the thermochemical decomposition process.
The thermogravimetric (TG) curve of spruce wood with bark was found to shift to about 20K higher temperatures compared to the TG curves of straw and rape straw. This result indicates that a higher activation energy is needed to decompose woody biomass, which contains a higher amount and a different type of lignin than straw. Three wood decomposition phases were distinguished from the negative first derivatives curves (DTG): a shoulder during hemicellulose decomposition, a peak during cellulose decomposition and a smaller rise during lignin decomposition. By comparison both herbaceous biomass types decomposed in only two phases at lower temperatures. The decomposition of the herbaceous, and woody biomass samples was completed at about 830K and 900K, respectively, leaving only a solid residue of ash. The derived pyrolysis model estimated the composition and described the devolatilization curves of each biomass with sufficient accuracy for industrial processes, although the same activation energy set, taken from the literature, was used for each biomass. In the fixed bed pyrolysis experiments similar characteristics were found to those in the TGA experiments. Herbaceous biomass with a higher cellulose and hemicellulose content decomposed faster and produced a larger fraction of gaseous products than woody biomass with a higher lignin content. According to the assessment of the product distribution, performed after each experiment, woody biomass pyrolysis led to a larger fraction of solid products than herbaceous biomass pyrolysis. We conclude that industrial fixed bed pyrolysis can be optimized for different biomass feedstocks with a specific composition of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. |
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| AbstractList | Thermochemical conversion of biomass has been studied extensively over the last decades. For the design, optimization and modeling of thermochemical conversion processes, such as fixed bed pyrolysis, a sound understanding of pyrolysis is essential. However, the decomposition mechanism of most biomass types into gaseous, liquid, and solid fractions is still unknown because of the complexity of pyrolysis and differences in biomass composition. The aim of this study was to find characteristic differences in the pyrolysis behavior of three widely used biomass feedstocks to optimize the performance of industrial fixed bed pyrolysis. This aim was achieved in three steps. First, devolatilization kinetics during pyrolysis of three biomass types was investigated in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Then, a one-step multi-component pyrolysis model with three independent parallel reactions for hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin was derived to correlate the kinetics with single component decomposition and to identify their amount in the biomass sample. In a final step, the findings were tested in a fixed bed reactor at laboratory scale to prove applicability in industrial processes. Three types of biomass were chosen for this investigation: wheat straw, rape straw and spruce wood with bark. They represent biomass with a high cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content, respectively. Since lignin is the most stable and complex of these three biomass components, its amount is assumed to be the main controlling factor in the thermochemical decomposition process. The thermogravimetric (TG) curve of spruce wood with bark was found to shift to about 20K higher temperatures compared to the TG curves of straw and rape straw. This result indicates that a higher activation energy is needed to decompose woody biomass, which contains a higher amount and a different type of lignin than straw. Three wood decomposition phases were distinguished from the negative first derivatives curves (DTG): a shoulder during hemicellulose decomposition, a peak during cellulose decomposition and a smaller rise during lignin decomposition. By comparison both herbaceous biomass types decomposed in only two phases at lower temperatures. The decomposition of the herbaceous, and woody biomass samples was completed at about 830K and 900K, respectively, leaving only a solid residue of ash. The derived pyrolysis model estimated the composition and described the devolatilization curves of each biomass with sufficient accuracy for industrial processes, although the same activation energy set, taken from the literature, was used for each biomass. In the fixed bed pyrolysis experiments similar characteristics were found to those in the TGA experiments. Herbaceous biomass with a higher cellulose and hemicellulose content decomposed faster and produced a larger fraction of gaseous products than woody biomass with a higher lignin content. According to the assessment of the product distribution, performed after each experiment, woody biomass pyrolysis led to a larger fraction of solid products than herbaceous biomass pyrolysis. We conclude that industrial fixed bed pyrolysis can be optimized for different biomass feedstocks with a specific composition of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. ► Pyrolysis characteristics of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were identified. ► Components fractions were identified by atomic balance and optimization model. ► Higher lignin content led to slower decomposition and lower product gas. ► Lignin content of biomass is the main controlling factor of industrial pyrolysis. ► Industrial fixed bed gasification can be according to the feedstock composition. Thermochemical conversion of biomass has been studied extensively over the last decades. For the design, optimization and modeling of thermochemical conversion processes, such as fixed bed pyrolysis, a sound understanding of pyrolysis is essential. However, the decomposition mechanism of most biomass types into gaseous, liquid, and solid fractions is still unknown because of the complexity of pyrolysis and differences in biomass composition. The aim of this study was to find characteristic differences in the pyrolysis behavior of three widely used biomass feedstocks to optimize the performance of industrial fixed bed pyrolysis. This aim was achieved in three steps. First, devolatilization kinetics during pyrolysis of three biomass types was investigated in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Then, a one-step multi-component pyrolysis model with three independent parallel reactions for hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin was derived to correlate the kinetics with single component decomposition and to identify their amount in the biomass sample. In a final step, the findings were tested in a fixed bed reactor at laboratory scale to prove applicability in industrial processes. Three types of biomass were chosen for this investigation: wheat straw, rape straw and spruce wood with bark. They represent biomass with a high cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content, respectively. Since lignin is the most stable and complex of these three biomass components, its amount is assumed to be the main controlling factor in the thermochemical decomposition process. The thermogravimetric (TG) curve of spruce wood with bark was found to shift to about 20K higher temperatures compared to the TG curves of straw and rape straw. This result indicates that a higher activation energy is needed to decompose woody biomass, which contains a higher amount and a different type of lignin than straw. Three wood decomposition phases were distinguished from the negative first derivatives curves (DTG): a shoulder during hemicellulose decomposition, a peak during cellulose decomposition and a smaller rise during lignin decomposition. By comparison both herbaceous biomass types decomposed in only two phases at lower temperatures. The decomposition of the herbaceous, and woody biomass samples was completed at about 830K and 900K, respectively, leaving only a solid residue of ash. The derived pyrolysis model estimated the composition and described the devolatilization curves of each biomass with sufficient accuracy for industrial processes, although the same activation energy set, taken from the literature, was used for each biomass. In the fixed bed pyrolysis experiments similar characteristics were found to those in the TGA experiments. Herbaceous biomass with a higher cellulose and hemicellulose content decomposed faster and produced a larger fraction of gaseous products than woody biomass with a higher lignin content. According to the assessment of the product distribution, performed after each experiment, woody biomass pyrolysis led to a larger fraction of solid products than herbaceous biomass pyrolysis. We conclude that industrial fixed bed pyrolysis can be optimized for different biomass feedstocks with a specific composition of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. |
| Author | Laborie, Marie-Pierre Messmer, Jonas Burhenne, Luisa Aicher, Thomas |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Luisa surname: Burhenne fullname: Burhenne, Luisa email: luisa.burhenne@ise.fraunhofer.de organization: Fraunhofer-Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany – sequence: 2 givenname: Jonas surname: Messmer fullname: Messmer, Jonas organization: Fraunhofer-Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany – sequence: 3 givenname: Thomas surname: Aicher fullname: Aicher, Thomas organization: Fraunhofer-Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany – sequence: 4 givenname: Marie-Pierre surname: Laborie fullname: Laborie, Marie-Pierre organization: Institute of Forest Utilization and Work Science, University of Freiburg, Werthmannstr. 6, 79085 Freiburg, Germany |
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| Snippet | ► Pyrolysis characteristics of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were identified. ► Components fractions were identified by atomic balance and optimization... Thermochemical conversion of biomass has been studied extensively over the last decades. For the design, optimization and modeling of thermochemical conversion... |
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| SubjectTerms | activation energy bark Biomass cellulose decayed wood feedstocks Fixed bed hemicellulose industrial applications lignin Pyrolysis temperature TGA thermogravimetry wheat straw |
| Title | The effect of the biomass components lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose on TGA and fixed bed pyrolysis |
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