Western Business Should Approach Eastern Europe Mindful of Experience in East Asia

As Eastern Europe emerges from communism and seeks to develop democracy and a private sector economy, it looks to Western Europe for models. Yet in many ways, East Asia offers more useful guideposts. The East Asian experience in joint ventures, capital market development, and legal and infrastructur...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inCalifornia management review Vol. 33; no. 4; pp. 118 - 126
Main Author Dickie, Robert B.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Los Angeles, CA University of California Walter A. Haas School of Business 01.07.1991
SAGE Publications
University of California, Graduate Schools of Business Administration
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Loading…
Abstract As Eastern Europe emerges from communism and seeks to develop democracy and a private sector economy, it looks to Western Europe for models. Yet in many ways, East Asia offers more useful guideposts. The East Asian experience in joint ventures, capital market development, and legal and infrastructural development offers lessons which should not be lost on Eastern Europe. Nor should they be lost on U. S. corporate leaders who are assessing opportunities in Eastern Europe.
AbstractList As Eastern Europe emerges from communism and seeks to develop democracy and a private sector economy, it looks to Western Europe for models. Yet in many ways, East Asia offers more useful guideposts. The East Asian experience in joint ventures, capital market development, and legal and infrastructural development offers lessons which should not be lost on Eastern Europe. Nor should they be lost on U. S. corporate leaders who are assessing opportunities in Eastern Europe.
The most obvious place to which observers and commentators have looked for models for Eastern Europe has been Western Europe. It is recommended, however, that skillful Eastern European leaders should emulate much of the legal and infrastructural development in East Asia to improve their own economies. In particular, the newly industrialized countries of East Asia bear greater similarity to Eastern Europe than does Western Europe. This is because the European Community countries had, even as of 1945, a much longer and deeper legacy of privately owned enterprise than Eastern Europe. Very few people in Eastern Europe have had experience running anything other than state-owned enterprises or the military. Until about 20 years ago, few local nationals in East Asia had experience in private enterprise on more than a local scale. The East Asia experience in joint ventures, capital market development, and legal and infrastructural development offers lessons for Eastern Europe and are potentially applicable to the Soviets as well.
As Eastern Europe emerges from communism and seeks to develop democracy and a private sector economy, it looks to Western Europe for models. Yet in many ways, East Asia offers more useful guideposts. The East Asian experience in joint ventures, capital market development, and legal and infrastructural development offers lessons which should not be lost on Eastern Europe. Nor should they be lost on U.S. corporate leaders who are assessing opportunities in Eastern Europe
Recommendations for Eastern European policymakers who want to create incentives for foreign investors.
Author Dickie, Robert B.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Robert B.
  surname: Dickie
  fullname: Dickie, Robert B.
BookMark eNqF0dtKAzEQBuAgCtYq-AhB8XCzmnOyl7XUAyiCB7xcQjaxW9ZkTbqgb29qFUSoXg0DH__MMFtg3QdvAdjF6IRQJE8ZxkIIKdbAgGBBCsUFWwcDhJAqMOFiE2ylNMutxIwPwN2TTXMbPTzrU-NtSvB-Gvq2hqOui0GbKZzoJZj0MXQW3jS-dn0Lg4OTt87GxnpjYeM_HRylRm-DDafbZHe-6hA8nk8expfF9e3F1Xh0XRhGxbywWHPJndaqdswQzEgtEKVcC8yUNKUunZLOSlUTpw0xqlZUCEZLXnNkFadDcLTMzYu-9vmM6qVJxrat9jb0qVK0JExRJbM8_FMKTAQRZfkv5GVemZNF4t4vOAt99PncimCuFKEEZbS_CmGK8kzB5CLqeKlMDClF66ouNi86vlcYVYuXVt8vzfRgSZN-tj_CVrpZmoe4Ou8DbVmoWA
CODEN CMNRAK
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1108_01443589210027644
crossref_primary_10_1108_09555340310464740
crossref_primary_10_1108_03090560410511122
crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1759_3441_1993_tb00894_x
crossref_primary_10_1177_135050769302400107
crossref_primary_10_1108_03068299510764244
crossref_primary_10_1108_09596110610646664
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright © 1991 The Regents of the University of California
1991 The Regents of the University of California
Copyright University of California, Walter A. Haas School of Business Summer 1991
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright © 1991 The Regents of the University of California
– notice: 1991 The Regents of the University of California
– notice: Copyright University of California, Walter A. Haas School of Business Summer 1991
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
FYSDU
GHEHK
HZAIM
K30
PAAUG
PAWHS
PAWZZ
PAXOH
PBHAV
PBQSW
PBYQZ
PCIWU
PCMID
PCZJX
PDGRG
PDWWI
PETMR
PFVGT
PGXDX
PIHIL
PISVA
PJCTQ
PJTMS
PLCHJ
PMHAD
PNQDJ
POUND
PPLAD
PQAPC
PQCAN
PQCMW
PQEME
PQHKH
PQMID
PQNCT
PQNET
PQSCT
PQSET
PSVJG
PVMQY
PZGFC
~OC
~OG
3V.
7WY
7WZ
7X7
7XB
87Z
88E
8BJ
8FI
8FJ
8FK
8FL
ABUWG
AFKRA
BENPR
BEZIV
CCPQU
DWQXO
FQK
FRNLG
FYUFA
F~G
GHDGH
JBE
K60
K6~
K9.
L.-
M0C
M0S
M0T
M1P
PQBIZ
PQBZA
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
Q9U
7TQ
DHY
DON
7UB
DOI 10.2307/41166676
DatabaseName CrossRef
Periodicals Index Online Segment 07
Periodicals Index Online Segment 08
Periodicals Index Online Segment 26
Periodicals Index Online
Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - West
Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - International
Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - MEA
Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Midwest
Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Northeast
Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Southeast
Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - North Central
Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Southeast
Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - South Central
Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - UK / I
Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Canada
Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - EMEALA
Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - North Central
Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - South Central
Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - International
Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - International
Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - West
Periodicals Index Online Segments 1-50
Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - APAC
Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Midwest
Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - MEA
Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Canada
Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - UK / I
Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - EMEALA
Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - APAC
Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - Canada
Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - West
Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - EMEALA
Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Northeast
Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - Midwest
Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - North Central
Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - Northeast
Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - South Central
Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - Southeast
Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - UK / I
Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - APAC
Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - MEA
Periodicals Archive Online Collection 1
PAO Collection 1 (purchase pre Feb/2008)
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
ABI/INFORM Collection
ABI/INFORM Global (PDF only)
Health & Medical Collection
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
ABI/INFORM Global (Alumni Edition)
Medical Database (Alumni Edition)
International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)
Hospital Premium Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
ABI/INFORM Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
ProQuest Central
Business Premium Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central Korea
International Bibliography of the Social Sciences
Business Premium Collection (Alumni)
Health Research Premium Collection
ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate)
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
International Bibliography of the Social Sciences
ProQuest Business Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Business Collection
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced
ABI/INFORM Global
Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)
Healthcare Administration Database
Medical Database
ProQuest One Business
ProQuest One Business (Alumni)
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central Basic
PAIS Index
PAIS International
PAIS International (Ovid)
Worldwide Political Science Abstracts
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Periodicals Index Online Segment 26
Periodicals Index Online Segments 1-50
PAO Collection 1 (purchase pre Feb/2008) with update
Periodicals Index Online
Periodicals Index Online Segment 08
PAO Collection 1 (purchase pre Feb/2008)
Periodicals Index Online Segment 07
ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate)
ProQuest Business Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Business
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central China
ABI/INFORM Complete
ProQuest Central
ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced
Health Research Premium Collection
International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central Korea
ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni)
ABI/INFORM Complete (Alumni Edition)
Business Premium Collection
ABI/INFORM Global
ABI/INFORM Global (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central Basic
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Health Management
ProQuest Hospital Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Business Collection
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
ProQuest Medical Library
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest One Business (Alumni)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
Business Premium Collection (Alumni)
PAIS International
Worldwide Political Science Abstracts
DatabaseTitleList
ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate)
Periodicals Index Online Segment 26
PAIS International
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: BENPR
  name: ProQuest Central
  url: https://www.proquest.com/central
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Business
EISSN 2162-8564
EndPage 126
ExternalDocumentID 288760
10_2307_41166676
10.2307_41166676
41166676
GeographicLocations Eastern Europe
United States--US
Southeast Asia
GeographicLocations_xml – name: Eastern Europe
– name: Southeast Asia
– name: United States--US
GroupedDBID -~X
0R~
186
29B
3V.
5D0
5GY
5WW
7WY
7X7
85S
88E
8FI
8FJ
8FL
8R4
8R5
8VB
9M8
AAGGD
AAKTJ
AAPEO
AAUIH
AAWLO
AAYOK
ABCQX
ABJNI
ABPPZ
ABQDK
ABQKF
ABQXT
ABUWG
ABYTW
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACHQT
ACIOK
ACNCT
ACROE
ACUFS
ADBBV
ADEIA
ADPEE
ADUKL
AEGXH
AEMOZ
AEUPB
AEWDL
AFFNX
AFKRA
AFQMP
AGHSJ
AIAGR
AKVCP
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
APTNG
AQUVI
ASUFR
BENPR
BEZIV
BPHCQ
BVXVI
CBRKF
CCGJY
CCPQU
CJ0
DWQXO
EBA
EBE
EBO
EBR
EBS
EBU
ECR
EHE
EJD
EMK
EPL
F20
F5P
FAC
FRNLG
FYUFA
GROUPED_ABI_INFORM_ARCHIVE
GROUPED_ABI_INFORM_COMPLETE
GROUPED_ABI_INFORM_RESEARCH
HMCUK
J8X
JENOY
JST
K1G
K60
K6~
L7B
M0C
M0T
M1P
NHB
O-F
O9-
OHT
P-O
P2P
PQBIZ
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
PZZ
Q1R
Q2X
QWB
RCL
RHI
RXW
SCNPE
SFC
TH9
TN5
U5U
UHB
UKHRP
UKR
ULE
ULGLC
ULY
UPT
VQA
WH7
X6Y
XFK
XZL
YYP
ZCA
ZCG
ZHY
ZL0
~OC
~OG
-TM
.GJ
3EH
3R3
41~
54M
AABXT
AADUE
AARIX
AATAA
AAVQN
AAZCK
ABCCA
ABFXH
ABKRH
ABPNF
ABQPY
ABRHV
ACDXX
ACFUR
ACFZE
ACOFE
ACOXC
ACSIQ
ACUIR
ADRRZ
AEOBU
AESZF
AEWHI
AEXNY
AFEET
AFMIJ
AFMOU
AFQAA
AFUIA
AGDVU
AGKLV
AGNHF
AGNWV
AGUGZ
AHWHD
AIOMO
ALFTD
ALIPV
ANDLU
ARTOV
AUTPY
AYPQM
BDZRT
BKOMP
BPACV
CEADM
DOPDO
DV7
DV8
FAS
FHBDP
FJW
GROUPED_SAGE_PREMIER_JOURNAL_COLLECTION
JCYGO
LPU
M4V
PQBZA
RWL
SAFTQ
SJN
SSDHQ
TAE
Y4B
ZE2
ZPLXX
ZPPRI
~32
~G0
AAYXX
ACJER
ADMHG
AEDXQ
CITATION
H13
FYSDU
GHEHK
HZAIM
K30
PAAUG
PAWHS
PAWZZ
PAXOH
PBHAV
PBQSW
PBYQZ
PCIWU
PCMID
PCZJX
PDGRG
PDWWI
PETMR
PFVGT
PGXDX
PIHIL
PISVA
PJCTQ
PJTMS
PLCHJ
PMHAD
PNQDJ
POUND
PPLAD
PQAPC
PQCAN
PQCMW
PQEME
PQHKH
PQMID
PQNCT
PQNET
PQSCT
PQSET
PSVJG
PVMQY
PZGFC
7XB
8BJ
8FK
FQK
JBE
K9.
L.-
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
Q9U
7TQ
DHY
DON
7UB
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c436t-e1a575faa8df4c2142d60335a61487c9a9f87fe78d2fac2c8d83664395d50e853
IEDL.DBID BENPR
ISSN 0008-1256
IngestDate Fri Oct 25 04:30:32 EDT 2024
Fri Oct 25 06:45:02 EDT 2024
Fri Oct 25 23:29:17 EDT 2024
Thu Oct 10 16:05:46 EDT 2024
Thu Oct 10 16:41:16 EDT 2024
Wed Oct 09 16:52:07 EDT 2024
Tue Jul 16 20:50:05 EDT 2024
Fri Feb 02 07:03:43 EST 2024
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 4
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c436t-e1a575faa8df4c2142d60335a61487c9a9f87fe78d2fac2c8d83664395d50e853
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ObjectType-Article-2
ObjectType-Feature-1
PQID 1301266477
PQPubID 1818437
PageCount 9
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_839248387
proquest_miscellaneous_61262699
proquest_miscellaneous_59575527
proquest_journals_215882320
proquest_journals_1301266477
crossref_primary_10_2307_41166676
sage_journals_10_2307_41166676
jstor_primary_10_2307_41166676
PublicationCentury 1900
PublicationDate 19910700
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 1991-07-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 7
  year: 1991
  text: 19910700
PublicationDecade 1990
PublicationPlace Los Angeles, CA
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Los Angeles, CA
– name: Berkeley, Calif
– name: Berkeley
PublicationTitle California management review
PublicationYear 1991
Publisher University of California Walter A. Haas School of Business
SAGE Publications
University of California, Graduate Schools of Business Administration
Publisher_xml – name: University of California Walter A. Haas School of Business
– name: SAGE Publications
– name: University of California, Graduate Schools of Business Administration
SSID ssj0007145
Score 1.4370804
Snippet As Eastern Europe emerges from communism and seeks to develop democracy and a private sector economy, it looks to Western Europe for models. Yet in many ways,...
The most obvious place to which observers and commentators have looked for models for Eastern Europe has been Western Europe. It is recommended, however, that...
Recommendations for Eastern European policymakers who want to create incentives for foreign investors.
SourceID proquest
crossref
sage
jstor
SourceType Aggregation Database
Publisher
StartPage 118
SubjectTerms Asia
Business structures
Capital flight
Capital investments
Commercial policy
Eastern Europe
Economic Policy
Equity
Equity financing
Europe, East
Federal government
Financial investments
Foreign Affairs
Foreign investment
Foreign investments
Investors
Local government
Market potential
Political risk
Portfolio investments
Roles
Securities markets
Southeast Asia
Stock markets
Subsidiary companies
The Global Economy
Western Europe
Title Western Business Should Approach Eastern Europe Mindful of Experience in East Asia
URI https://www.jstor.org/stable/41166676
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.2307/41166676
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1301266477
https://www.proquest.com/docview/215882320
https://search.proquest.com/docview/59575527
https://search.proquest.com/docview/61262699
https://search.proquest.com/docview/839248387
Volume 33
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV3fS-QwEB50BfFFvFOx6u1F8LXYNskmfTrWY0UOFPEH7ltJmwQF6aq7-__fTNOuq6KvzRDSSZP5pvPxDcBxah2C2tTGUjqBCQqXscFIEisnfc5zV6qm2cTF5eD8Tvwby3HLzZm2tMruTmwuajup6B_5CYYmBIM8S_48v8TUNIqKq20HjVVYyzBRyHqwdjq6vLpeXMUqFaGFAWmYYnAP6rPEfT4RKRXMSGpkKR4FSuI7sLnE72pCztkWbLZYkQ3D5v6AFVf_hPWOqr4N1_dB5oB1j9jNA3WsZsNWKJyNTDAI_9zZBSbgfv7EJp69SRyzx7qxY8Ppo9mBu7PR7d_zuO2REFeCD2axSw0CLm-Mtl5UpJ9mBwnn0pDAp6pyk3utvFPaZt5UWaWt5gNCIdLKxGGs3oVePandHjCcyDnu0tJxjcc6M7y0wpZVIo1NEq8jOOo8VTwHKYwCUwjyZtF5M4J-48JvDA473xbtaZlSSS1FoCCUiuDg8_Bi6yP4vRjFU0ClDVO7yXxayBy9IDP1tQUiOczd8jwC9oUFQUWhucZJ-rTpS-v78BL7367yADYCn4w4vYfQm73O3S9ELrOyD6tqrPrtV_ofDgHqEg
link.rule.ids 315,783,787,12070,21402,27938,27939,31733,31734,33758,33759,43324,43819,74081,74638
linkProvider ProQuest
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1NT-MwEB2xILFcECwgspTilbhGJHFcO6dVhUDloxz4EL1FTmwLJJSy2_b_MxMnpYDoNR5Zzjj2vLFf3gAcx8YiqI1NKIRNMUHhItQYSUJphct4ZgtZF5sY3vQGD-nlSIwabs6koVW2e2K9UZtxSWfkJxiaEAzyJPr7-i-kolF0udpU0PgBayTDRdL5cjTPt-jXHF_AgBRMMbR77VliPp-kMV2XkdDIQjTyhMQPUHOB3VUHnPMt2GyQIuv7qd2GFVv9gvWWqL4Dt49e5IC1j9jdE9WrZv1GJpydaW_gT9zZENNvN3thY8feBY7Zc1Xbsf7kWe_Cw_nZ_ekgbCokhGXKe9PQxhrhltNaGZeWpJ5mehHnQpO8pywznTklnZXKJE6XSamM4j3CIMKIyGKk3oPValzZfWDYkbXcxoXlChd1onlhUlOUkdAmipwK4E_rqfzVC2HkmECQN_PWmwF0axcuMei0vs2btTKhC7UYYUIqZQAHX5vnEx_A0bwV1wBdbOjKjmeTXGToBZHI7y0Qx2HmlmUBsG8sCCimiivspEuTvjC-Ty_xe-koj-Dn4H54nV9f3FwdwIZnlhG7twOr0_8ze4gYZlp06y_1Dbjp6rY
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV3dT9swED-NIiFeEPvSAqx40l6jJrFdO0-o21qxDyrEhsZb5MS24CUFWv5_7mKn6zbBa3yy7PPZ97vc6XcAH3PrENTmNpXSCQxQuEwNepJUOelLXrpadc0mzubj00vx7UpeRUqhZSyr7N_E7qG2i4b-kY_QNSEY5EU28rEq4vzL7OT2LqUGUpRojd00tmBbCTSqAWx_ms7PL9bPsspFaGdAfKbo6AMTLdVBj0ROyTOiHdnwTaE88S_guVHr1bmf2T7sRdzIJuGgX8IL176Cnb5s_TVc_A6UB6z_xH5eU_dqNomk4WxqgkD4_87OMBjHPbKFZ3_ojtlN28mxyfLGvIHL2fTX59M09ktIG8HHq9TlBsGXN0ZbLxriUrPjjHNpiOxTNaUpvVbeKW0Lb5qi0VbzMSESaWXm0G-_hUG7aN07YDiRc9zlteMar3hheG2FrZtMGptlXifwoddUdRtoMSoMJ0ibVa_NBIadCp8ROOp1W8Wbs6T0Wo6gQSiVwOH_w2szSOB4PYo3gtIcpnWLh2UlS9SCLNTTEojqMI4rywTYExIEG4XmGicZ0qFvrO-fTRw8u8pj2EEzrX58nX8_hN1QZkalvkcwWN0_uPcIaFb1MJrqIwmR8Fk
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Western+Business+Should+Approach+Eastern+Europe+Mindful+of+Experience+in+East+Asia&rft.jtitle=California+management+review&rft.au=Dickie%2C+Robert+B.&rft.date=1991-07-01&rft.pub=University+of+California+Walter+A.+Haas+School+of+Business&rft.issn=0008-1256&rft.eissn=2162-8564&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=118&rft.epage=126&rft_id=info:doi/10.2307%2F41166676&rft.externalDocID=41166676
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0008-1256&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0008-1256&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0008-1256&client=summon