Sage Essential Oil as an Antimicrobial Agent against Salmonella enterica during Beef Sous Vide Storage

• Published in: Foods Vol. 12; no. 22; p. 4172
• Main Authors: Gál, Robert, Čmiková, Natália, Kačániová, Miroslava, Mokrejš, Pavel
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 19.11.2023
• Subjects: affordability; anti-infective agents; Antimicrobial agents; Bacteria; Beef; beef tenderloin; Chromatography; coliform bacteria; Coliforms; Cooking; Essential oils; Food; Food safety; foodborne pathogen; heat; Heat treatment; Heat treatments; Identification; Low temperature; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Meat; Microorganisms; Oils & fats; Packaging; Proteus vulgaris; Pseudomonas fragi; Pseudomonas veronii; psoas muscles; safety; sage; sage essential oil; Salmonella; Salmonella enterica; Scientific imaging; sous vide; Sous vide technology; stabilization; temperature; under vacuum; Vacuum packaging; vacuum sealing; Variance analysis; Water baths; Water circulation; Czech Republic; Slovakia; United Kingdom > UK; Germany
• DOI: 10.3390/foods12224172
• ISSN: 2304-8158

Sous-vide is a process comprising vacuum-sealing food, heating it to the desired temperature, and circulating it in a water bath in a sous vide machine. This cooking technique is increasingly common in homes and catering establishments due to its simplicity and affordability. However, manufacturers and chef’s recommendations for low-temperature and long-term sous-vide cooking in media raise food safety concerns, particularly when preparing beef tenderloin. In this study, Salmonella enterica was found to be inactivated by heat and sage essential oil (EO) in beef samples from musculus psoas major that had been sous vide processed. To determine whether heat treatment was likely to increase the sous vide efficiency, S. enterica and sage EO were mixed. After being vacuum-packed and injected with S. enterica, the samples were cooked at 50–65 °C through the sous vide technique for the prescribed time. On days 1, 3, and 6, the amounts of S. enterica, total bacteria, and coliform bacteria were measured in the control and treated groups of beef processed sous vide. Mass spectrometry was used to identify bacterial isolates on different days. On each day that was measured, a higher number of all the microbiota was found in the samples exposed to 50 °C for 5 min. The most frequently isolated microorganisms from both groups of samples were Pseudomonas fragi (17%), Pseudomonas cedrina (8%), and Proteus vulgaris (8%); in the treated group, also S. enterica (21%), Pseudomonas fragi (13%), and Pseudomonas veronii (6%). After the heat treatment of samples at 65 °C for 20 min, the total count of bacteria and coliform bacteria was zero. It has been shown that adding sage essential oil (EO) in combination with sous vide processing technique leads to the stabilization and safety of beef tenderloin.