Engineering graphene and TMDs based van der Waals heterostructures for photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical solar energy conversion

Graphene and two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted significant interest due to their unique properties that cannot be obtained in their bulk counterparts. These atomically thin 2D materials have demonstrated strong light-matter interactions, tunable optical band...

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Published in	Chemical Society reviews Vol. 47; no. 13; pp. 4981 - 537
Main Authors	Li, Changli, Cao, Qi, Wang, Faze, Xiao, Yequan, Li, Yanbo, Delaunay, Jean-Jacques, Zhu, Hongwei
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	England Royal Society of Chemistry 02.07.2018
Subjects	Absorbers (materials) Charge transfer chemistry Electrical properties energy conversion Energy conversion efficiency engineering Epitaxial growth Graphene Heterojunctions Heterostructures Lattice matching Optical properties Organic chemistry Photovoltaic cells Solar cells Solar energy Solar energy conversion surveys van der Waals forces
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Abstract	Graphene and two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted significant interest due to their unique properties that cannot be obtained in their bulk counterparts. These atomically thin 2D materials have demonstrated strong light-matter interactions, tunable optical bandgap structures and unique structural and electrical properties, rendering possible the high conversion efficiency of solar energy with a minimal amount of active absorber material. The isolated 2D monolayer can be stacked into arbitrary van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructures without the need to consider lattice matching. Several combinations of 2D/3D and 2D/2D materials have been assembled to create vdWs heterojunctions for photovoltaic (PV) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) energy conversion. However, the complex, less-constrained, and more environmentally vulnerable interface in a vdWs heterojunction is different from that of a conventional, epitaxially grown heterojunction, engendering new challenges for surface and interface engineering. In this review, the physics of band alignment, the chemistry of surface modification and the behavior of photoexcited charge transfer at the interface during PV and PEC processes will be discussed. We will present a survey of the recent progress and challenges of 2D/3D and 2D/2D vdWs heterojunctions, with emphasis on their applicability to PV and PEC devices. Finally, we will discuss emerging issues yet to be explored for 2D materials to achieve high solar energy conversion efficiency and possible strategies to improve their performance. This review provides a systematic overview of the integration, surface, and interfacial engineering of 2D/3D and 2D/2D homo/heterojunctions for PV and PEC applications.
AbstractList	Graphene and two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted significant interest due to their unique properties that cannot be obtained in their bulk counterparts. These atomically thin 2D materials have demonstrated strong light–matter interactions, tunable optical bandgap structures and unique structural and electrical properties, rendering possible the high conversion efficiency of solar energy with a minimal amount of active absorber material. The isolated 2D monolayer can be stacked into arbitrary van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructures without the need to consider lattice matching. Several combinations of 2D/3D and 2D/2D materials have been assembled to create vdWs heterojunctions for photovoltaic (PV) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) energy conversion. However, the complex, less-constrained, and more environmentally vulnerable interface in a vdWs heterojunction is different from that of a conventional, epitaxially grown heterojunction, engendering new challenges for surface and interface engineering. In this review, the physics of band alignment, the chemistry of surface modification and the behavior of photoexcited charge transfer at the interface during PV and PEC processes will be discussed. We will present a survey of the recent progress and challenges of 2D/3D and 2D/2D vdWs heterojunctions, with emphasis on their applicability to PV and PEC devices. Finally, we will discuss emerging issues yet to be explored for 2D materials to achieve high solar energy conversion efficiency and possible strategies to improve their performance. Graphene and two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted significant interest due to their unique properties that cannot be obtained in their bulk counterparts. These atomically thin 2D materials have demonstrated strong light-matter interactions, tunable optical bandgap structures and unique structural and electrical properties, rendering possible the high conversion efficiency of solar energy with a minimal amount of active absorber material. The isolated 2D monolayer can be stacked into arbitrary van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructures without the need to consider lattice matching. Several combinations of 2D/3D and 2D/2D materials have been assembled to create vdWs heterojunctions for photovoltaic (PV) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) energy conversion. However, the complex, less-constrained, and more environmentally vulnerable interface in a vdWs heterojunction is different from that of a conventional, epitaxially grown heterojunction, engendering new challenges for surface and interface engineering. In this review, the physics of band alignment, the chemistry of surface modification and the behavior of photoexcited charge transfer at the interface during PV and PEC processes will be discussed. We will present a survey of the recent progress and challenges of 2D/3D and 2D/2D vdWs heterojunctions, with emphasis on their applicability to PV and PEC devices. Finally, we will discuss emerging issues yet to be explored for 2D materials to achieve high solar energy conversion efficiency and possible strategies to improve their performance.Graphene and two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted significant interest due to their unique properties that cannot be obtained in their bulk counterparts. These atomically thin 2D materials have demonstrated strong light-matter interactions, tunable optical bandgap structures and unique structural and electrical properties, rendering possible the high conversion efficiency of solar energy with a minimal amount of active absorber material. The isolated 2D monolayer can be stacked into arbitrary van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructures without the need to consider lattice matching. Several combinations of 2D/3D and 2D/2D materials have been assembled to create vdWs heterojunctions for photovoltaic (PV) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) energy conversion. However, the complex, less-constrained, and more environmentally vulnerable interface in a vdWs heterojunction is different from that of a conventional, epitaxially grown heterojunction, engendering new challenges for surface and interface engineering. In this review, the physics of band alignment, the chemistry of surface modification and the behavior of photoexcited charge transfer at the interface during PV and PEC processes will be discussed. We will present a survey of the recent progress and challenges of 2D/3D and 2D/2D vdWs heterojunctions, with emphasis on their applicability to PV and PEC devices. Finally, we will discuss emerging issues yet to be explored for 2D materials to achieve high solar energy conversion efficiency and possible strategies to improve their performance. Graphene and two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted significant interest due to their unique properties that cannot be obtained in their bulk counterparts. These atomically thin 2D materials have demonstrated strong light-matter interactions, tunable optical bandgap structures and unique structural and electrical properties, rendering possible the high conversion efficiency of solar energy with a minimal amount of active absorber material. The isolated 2D monolayer can be stacked into arbitrary van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructures without the need to consider lattice matching. Several combinations of 2D/3D and 2D/2D materials have been assembled to create vdWs heterojunctions for photovoltaic (PV) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) energy conversion. However, the complex, less-constrained, and more environmentally vulnerable interface in a vdWs heterojunction is different from that of a conventional, epitaxially grown heterojunction, engendering new challenges for surface and interface engineering. In this review, the physics of band alignment, the chemistry of surface modification and the behavior of photoexcited charge transfer at the interface during PV and PEC processes will be discussed. We will present a survey of the recent progress and challenges of 2D/3D and 2D/2D vdWs heterojunctions, with emphasis on their applicability to PV and PEC devices. Finally, we will discuss emerging issues yet to be explored for 2D materials to achieve high solar energy conversion efficiency and possible strategies to improve their performance. This review provides a systematic overview of the integration, surface, and interfacial engineering of 2D/3D and 2D/2D homo/heterojunctions for PV and PEC applications.
Author	Li, Changli Delaunay, Jean-Jacques Cao, Qi Xiao, Yequan Wang, Faze Li, Yanbo Zhu, Hongwei
AuthorAffiliation	Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University The University of Tokyo School of Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– sequence: 0 name: School of Materials Science and Engineering – sequence: 0 name: The University of Tokyo – sequence: 0 name: Tsinghua University – sequence: 0 name: School of Engineering – sequence: 0 name: Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences – sequence: 0 name: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China – sequence: 0 name: State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Changli surname: Li fullname: Li, Changli – sequence: 2 givenname: Qi surname: Cao fullname: Cao, Qi – sequence: 3 givenname: Faze surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Faze – sequence: 4 givenname: Yequan surname: Xiao fullname: Xiao, Yequan – sequence: 5 givenname: Yanbo surname: Li fullname: Li, Yanbo – sequence: 6 givenname: Jean-Jacques surname: Delaunay fullname: Delaunay, Jean-Jacques – sequence: 7 givenname: Hongwei surname: Zhu fullname: Zhu, Hongwei
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29736528$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Notes	Jean-Jacques Delaunay is an Associate Professor at the School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo. He received his PhD degree from the Strasbourg University. He has worked for research institutions in the fields of nanotechnology and solar energy in France, Germany and Japan. He conducts research on the synthesis of micro/nanomaterials with controlled structures and functionalities for sensing and energy conversion. He has co-authored more than 100 scientific publications. Changli Li received his PhD degree in Mechanical Engineering from The University of Tokyo, Japan, in 2015. Currently, he is a Post-Doctoral Research Fellow at the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University. His research activities focus on the synthesis of semiconductor heterojunctions for photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical solar energy conversion. 10.1039/c8cs00067k Qi Cao obtained his Master's degree from Fudan University in 2015 under the supervision of Prof. Renchao Che. He is currently a PhD candidate working with Prof. Jean-Jacques Delaunay at the Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo. His current research interest is focused on the synthesis of novel plasmonic photoelectrocatalysts for energy conversion and sensing applications. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Table S1. See DOI Hongwei Zhu is a Professor at the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, China. He received his BS degree in Mechanical Engineering (1998) and PhD degree in Materials Processing Engineering (2003) from Tsinghua University. After Post-Doctoral studies in Japan and USA, he began his independent career as a faculty member at Tsinghua University (2008-present). His current research interests involve the structural design and engineering of nanomaterials for energy and environmental applications. ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
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Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
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Snippet	Graphene and two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted significant interest due to their unique properties that cannot be...
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SubjectTerms	Absorbers (materials) Charge transfer chemistry Electrical properties energy conversion Energy conversion efficiency engineering Epitaxial growth Graphene Heterojunctions Heterostructures Lattice matching Optical properties Organic chemistry Photovoltaic cells Solar cells Solar energy Solar energy conversion surveys van der Waals forces
Title	Engineering graphene and TMDs based van der Waals heterostructures for photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical solar energy conversion
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