Reproductive strategies of two common sympatric Mediterranean sponges: Dysidea avara (Dictyoceratida) and Phorbas tenacior (Poecilosclerida)
Despite their abundance in benthic ecosystems, life cycles and reproductive features of most sponge species remain unknown. We have studied the main reproductive features of two demosponges, Dysidea avara and Phorbas tenacior, belonging to phylogenetically distant groups: Orders Dictyoceratida and P...
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| Published in | PeerJ (San Francisco, CA) Vol. 6; p. e5458 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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09.08.2018
PeerJ Inc |
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| Abstract | Despite their abundance in benthic ecosystems, life cycles and reproductive features of most sponge species remain unknown. We have studied the main reproductive features of two demosponges,
Dysidea avara
and
Phorbas tenacior,
belonging to phylogenetically distant groups: Orders Dictyoceratida and Poecilosclerida, respectively. Both sponges are abundant and share habitat in the Mediterranean rocky sublittoral. They brood parenchymella larvae with different morphology and behaviour. Sampling was conducted monthly over a two-year period in a locality where both species coexist. The two species reproduced in spring-summer, and presented species-specific reproductive features despite being subject to the same environmental conditions.
D. avara
has a shorter reproductive period than
P. tenacior
, ending before the peak of temperature in summer, while the reproductive period of
P. tenacior
lasts until beginning of autumn. Brooding larvae were present in June-July in
D. avara
, and in August-October in
P. tenacior
. Larval size, reproductive effort and number of larvae produced (measured the month with the maximum production) were significantly higher in
D. avara
than in
P. tenacior
. A higher reproductive effort and larval traits point to a more opportunistic life strategy in
D. avara
than in
P. tenacior.
A lack of overlap in the timing of larval release, as well as different reproductive traits, may reduce competition and facilitate the coexistence of these two sympatric and abundant sponges. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Despite their abundance in benthic ecosystems, life cycles and reproductive features of most sponge species remain unknown. We have studied the main reproductive features of two demosponges,
Dysidea avara
and
Phorbas tenacior,
belonging to phylogenetically distant groups: Orders Dictyoceratida and Poecilosclerida, respectively. Both sponges are abundant and share habitat in the Mediterranean rocky sublittoral. They brood parenchymella larvae with different morphology and behaviour. Sampling was conducted monthly over a two-year period in a locality where both species coexist. The two species reproduced in spring-summer, and presented species-specific reproductive features despite being subject to the same environmental conditions.
D. avara
has a shorter reproductive period than
P. tenacior
, ending before the peak of temperature in summer, while the reproductive period of
P. tenacior
lasts until beginning of autumn. Brooding larvae were present in June-July in
D. avara
, and in August-October in
P. tenacior
. Larval size, reproductive effort and number of larvae produced (measured the month with the maximum production) were significantly higher in
D. avara
than in
P. tenacior
. A higher reproductive effort and larval traits point to a more opportunistic life strategy in
D. avara
than in
P. tenacior.
A lack of overlap in the timing of larval release, as well as different reproductive traits, may reduce competition and facilitate the coexistence of these two sympatric and abundant sponges. Despite their abundance in benthic ecosystems, life cycles and reproductive features of most sponge species remain unknown. We have studied the main reproductive features of two demosponges, and belonging to phylogenetically distant groups: Orders Dictyoceratida and Poecilosclerida, respectively. Both sponges are abundant and share habitat in the Mediterranean rocky sublittoral. They brood parenchymella larvae with different morphology and behaviour. Sampling was conducted monthly over a two-year period in a locality where both species coexist. The two species reproduced in spring-summer, and presented species-specific reproductive features despite being subject to the same environmental conditions. has a shorter reproductive period than , ending before the peak of temperature in summer, while the reproductive period of lasts until beginning of autumn. Brooding larvae were present in June-July in , and in August-October in . Larval size, reproductive effort and number of larvae produced (measured the month with the maximum production) were significantly higher in than in . A higher reproductive effort and larval traits point to a more opportunistic life strategy in than in A lack of overlap in the timing of larval release, as well as different reproductive traits, may reduce competition and facilitate the coexistence of these two sympatric and abundant sponges. Despite their abundance in benthic ecosystems, life cycles and reproductive features of most sponge species remain unknown. We have studied the main reproductive features of two demosponges, Dysidea avara and Phorbas tenacior, belonging to phylogenetically distant groups: Orders Dictyoceratida and Poecilosclerida, respectively. Both sponges are abundant and share habitat in the Mediterranean rocky sublittoral. They brood parenchymella larvae with different morphology and behaviour. Sampling was conducted monthly over a two-year period in a locality where both species coexist. The two species reproduced in spring-summer, and presented species-specific reproductive features despite being subject to the same environmental conditions. D. avara has a shorter reproductive period than P. tenacior, ending before the peak of temperature in summer, while the reproductive period of P. tenacior lasts until beginning of autumn. Brooding larvae were present in June-July in D. avara, and in August-October in P. tenacior. Larval size, reproductive effort and number of larvae produced (measured the month with the maximum production) were significantly higher in D. avara than in P. tenacior. A higher reproductive effort and larval traits point to a more opportunistic life strategy in D. avara than in P. tenacior. A lack of overlap in the timing of larval release, as well as different reproductive traits, may reduce competition and facilitate the coexistence of these two sympatric and abundant sponges.Despite their abundance in benthic ecosystems, life cycles and reproductive features of most sponge species remain unknown. We have studied the main reproductive features of two demosponges, Dysidea avara and Phorbas tenacior, belonging to phylogenetically distant groups: Orders Dictyoceratida and Poecilosclerida, respectively. Both sponges are abundant and share habitat in the Mediterranean rocky sublittoral. They brood parenchymella larvae with different morphology and behaviour. Sampling was conducted monthly over a two-year period in a locality where both species coexist. The two species reproduced in spring-summer, and presented species-specific reproductive features despite being subject to the same environmental conditions. D. avara has a shorter reproductive period than P. tenacior, ending before the peak of temperature in summer, while the reproductive period of P. tenacior lasts until beginning of autumn. Brooding larvae were present in June-July in D. avara, and in August-October in P. tenacior. Larval size, reproductive effort and number of larvae produced (measured the month with the maximum production) were significantly higher in D. avara than in P. tenacior. A higher reproductive effort and larval traits point to a more opportunistic life strategy in D. avara than in P. tenacior. A lack of overlap in the timing of larval release, as well as different reproductive traits, may reduce competition and facilitate the coexistence of these two sympatric and abundant sponges. Despite their abundance in benthic ecosystems, life cycles and reproductive features of most sponge species remain unknown. We have studied the main reproductive features of two demosponges, Dysidea avara and Phorbas tenacior, belonging to phylogenetically distant groups: Orders Dictyoceratida and Poecilosclerida, respectively. Both sponges are abundant and share habitat in the Mediterranean rocky sublittoral. They brood parenchymella larvae with different morphology and behaviour. Sampling was conducted monthly over a two-year period in a locality where both species coexist. The two species reproduced in spring-summer, and presented species-specific reproductive features despite being subject to the same environmental conditions. D. avara has a shorter reproductive period than P. tenacior, ending before the peak of temperature in summer, while the reproductive period of P. tenacior lasts until beginning of autumn. Brooding larvae were present in June-July in D. avara, and in August-October in P. tenacior. Larval size, reproductive effort and number of larvae produced (measured the month with the maximum production) were significantly higher in D. avara than in P. tenacior. A higher reproductive effort and larval traits point to a more opportunistic life strategy in D. avara than in P. tenacior. A lack of overlap in the timing of larval release, as well as different reproductive traits, may reduce competition and facilitate the coexistence of these two sympatric and abundant sponges. |
| ArticleNumber | e5458 |
| Author | González, Janina Turon, Xavier de Caralt, Sonia Uriz, María J. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Sonia surname: de Caralt fullname: de Caralt, Sonia organization: Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Blanes, Girona, Spain, GRMAR, Institut d’Ecologia Aquàtica, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain – sequence: 2 givenname: Janina surname: González fullname: González, Janina organization: Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Blanes, Girona, Spain – sequence: 3 givenname: Xavier surname: Turon fullname: Turon, Xavier organization: Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Blanes, Girona, Spain – sequence: 4 givenname: María J. surname: Uriz fullname: Uriz, María J. organization: Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Blanes, Girona, Spain |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30123723$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1007_s12526_019_01013_2 crossref_primary_10_3389_fphys_2019_01474 crossref_primary_10_3390_d15050670 crossref_primary_10_1111_mec_15564 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12526_021_01167_y crossref_primary_10_1111_ivb_12386 crossref_primary_10_1111_ivb_12296 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmars_2020_595267 |
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| Copyright | 2018 de Caralt et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2018 de Caralt et al. 2018 de Caralt et al. |
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| Snippet | Despite their abundance in benthic ecosystems, life cycles and reproductive features of most sponge species remain unknown. We have studied the main... |
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| SubjectTerms | Coexistence Dictyoceratida Dysidea avara Environmental conditions Habitats Larvae Life cycles Marine Biology Marine ecology Marine invertebrates Mediterranean sea Phorbas Phylogeny Poecilosclerida Reproduction Reproductive effort Species Sponges Sympatric populations Zoology |
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| Title | Reproductive strategies of two common sympatric Mediterranean sponges: Dysidea avara (Dictyoceratida) and Phorbas tenacior (Poecilosclerida) |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30123723 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2086110236 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2090301038 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6087620 https://doaj.org/article/ab65d670df3f40059bb152096a9ee235 |
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