Oral inoculation of probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM suppresses tumour growth both in segmental orthotopic colon cancer and extra-intestinal tissue
Modulation of the cellular response by the administration of probiotic bacteria may be an effective strategy for preventing or inhibiting tumour growth. We orally pre-inoculated mice with probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM (La) for 14 d. Subcutaneous dorsal-flank tumours and segmental orthoto...
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| Published in | British journal of nutrition Vol. 107; no. 11; pp. 1623 - 1634 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Cambridge, UK
Cambridge University Press
14.06.2012
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Modulation of the cellular response by the administration of probiotic bacteria may be an effective strategy for preventing or inhibiting tumour growth. We orally pre-inoculated mice with probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM (La) for 14 d. Subcutaneous dorsal-flank tumours and segmental orthotopic colon cancers were implanted into mice using CT-26 murine colon adenocarcinoma cells. On day 28 after tumour initiation, the lamina propria of the colon, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and spleen were harvested and purified for flow cytometry and mRNA analyses. We demonstrated that La pre-inoculation reduced tumour volume growth by 50·3 %, compared with untreated mice at 28 d after tumour implants (2465·5 (sem 1290·4) v. 4950·9 (sem 1689·3) mm3, P < 0·001). Inoculation with La reduced the severity of colonic carcinogenesis caused by CT-26 cells, such as level of colonic involvement and structural abnormality of epithelial/crypt damage. Moreover, La enhanced apoptosis of CT-26 cells both in dorsal-flank tumour and segmental orthotopic colon cancer, and the mean counts of apoptotic body were higher in mice pre-inoculated with La (P < 0·05) compared with untreated mice. La pre-inoculation down-regulated the CXCR4 mRNA expressions in the colon, MLN and extra-intestinal tissue, compared with untreated mice (P < 0·05). In addition, La pre-inoculation reduced the mean fluorescence index of MHC class I (H-2Dd, -Kd and -Ld) in flow cytometry analysis. Taken together, these findings suggest that probiotics La may play a role in attenuating tumour growth during CT-26 cell carcinogenesis. The down-regulated expression of CXCR4 mRNA and MHC class I, as well as increasing apoptosis in tumour tissue, indicated that La may be associated with modulating the cellular response triggered by colon carcinogenesis. |
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| AbstractList | Modulation of the cellular response by the administration of probiotic bacteria may be an effective strategy for preventing or inhibiting tumour growth. We orally pre-inoculated mice with probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM (La) for 14 d. Subcutaneous dorsal-flank tumours and segmental orthotopic colon cancers were implanted into mice using CT-26 murine colon adenocarcinoma cells. On day 28 after tumour initiation, the lamina propria of the colon, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and spleen were harvested and purified for flow cytometry and mRNA analyses. We demonstrated that La pre-inoculation reduced tumour volume growth by 50·3 %, compared with untreated mice at 28 d after tumour implants (2465·5 (sem 1290·4) v. 4950·9 (sem 1689·3) mm3, P < 0·001). Inoculation with La reduced the severity of colonic carcinogenesis caused by CT-26 cells, such as level of colonic involvement and structural abnormality of epithelial/crypt damage. Moreover, La enhanced apoptosis of CT-26 cells both in dorsal-flank tumour and segmental orthotopic colon cancer, and the mean counts of apoptotic body were higher in mice pre-inoculated with La (P < 0·05) compared with untreated mice. La pre-inoculation down-regulated the CXCR4 mRNA expressions in the colon, MLN and extra-intestinal tissue, compared with untreated mice (P < 0·05). In addition, La pre-inoculation reduced the mean fluorescence index of MHC class I (H-2Dd, -Kd and -Ld) in flow cytometry analysis. Taken together, these findings suggest that probiotics La may play a role in attenuating tumour growth during CT-26 cell carcinogenesis. The down-regulated expression of CXCR4 mRNA and MHC class I, as well as increasing apoptosis in tumour tissue, indicated that La may be associated with modulating the cellular response triggered by colon carcinogenesis. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Modulation of the cellular response by the administration of probiotic bacteria may be an effective strategy for preventing or inhibiting tumour growth. We orally pre-inoculated mice with probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM ( La ) for 14 d. Subcutaneous dorsal-flank tumours and segmental orthotopic colon cancers were implanted into mice using CT-26 murine colon adenocarcinoma cells. On day 28 after tumour initiation, the lamina propria of the colon, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and spleen were harvested and purified for flow cytometry and mRNA analyses. We demonstrated that La pre-inoculation reduced tumour volume growth by 50·3 %, compared with untreated mice at 28 d after tumour implants (2465·5 ( sem 1290·4) v . 4950·9 ( sem 1689·3) mm 3 , P < 0·001). Inoculation with La reduced the severity of colonic carcinogenesis caused by CT-26 cells, such as level of colonic involvement and structural abnormality of epithelial/crypt damage. Moreover, La enhanced apoptosis of CT-26 cells both in dorsal-flank tumour and segmental orthotopic colon cancer, and the mean counts of apoptotic body were higher in mice pre-inoculated with La ( P < 0·05) compared with untreated mice. La pre-inoculation down-regulated the CXCR4 mRNA expressions in the colon, MLN and extra-intestinal tissue, compared with untreated mice ( P < 0·05). In addition, La pre-inoculation reduced the mean fluorescence index of MHC class I (H-2Dd, -Kd and -Ld) in flow cytometry analysis. Taken together, these findings suggest that probiotics La may play a role in attenuating tumour growth during CT-26 cell carcinogenesis. The down-regulated expression of CXCR4 mRNA and MHC class I, as well as increasing apoptosis in tumour tissue, indicated that La may be associated with modulating the cellular response triggered by colon carcinogenesis. Modulation of the cellular response by the administration of probiotic bacteria may be an effective strategy for preventing or inhibiting tumour growth. We orally pre-inoculated mice with probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM (La) for 14 d. Subcutaneous dorsal-flank tumours and segmental orthotopic colon cancers were implanted into mice using CT-26 murine colon adenocarcinoma cells. On day 28 after tumour initiation, the lamina propria of the colon, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and spleen were harvested and purified for flow cytometry and mRNA analyses. We demonstrated that La pre-inoculation reduced tumour volume growth by 50·3 %, compared with untreated mice at 28 d after tumour implants (2465·5 (SEM 1290·4) v. 4950·9 (SEM 1689·3) mm³, P<0·001). Inoculation with La reduced the severity of colonic carcinogenesis caused by CT-26 cells, such as level of colonic involvement and structural abnormality of epithelial/crypt damage. Moreover, La enhanced apoptosis of CT-26 cells both in dorsal-flank tumour and segmental orthotopic colon cancer, and the mean counts of apoptotic body were higher in mice pre-inoculated with La (P<0·05) compared with untreated mice. La pre-inoculation down-regulated the CXCR4 mRNA expressions in the colon, MLN and extra-intestinal tissue, compared with untreated mice (P<0·05). In addition, La pre-inoculation reduced the mean fluorescence index of MHC class I (H-2Dd, -Kd and -Ld) in flow cytometry analysis. Taken together, these findings suggest that probiotics La may play a role in attenuating tumour growth during CT-26 cell carcinogenesis. The down-regulated expression of CXCR4 mRNA and MHC class I, as well as increasing apoptosis in tumour tissue, indicated that La may be associated with modulating the cellular response triggered by colon carcinogenesis. Modulation of the cellular response by the administration of probiotic bacteria may be an effective strategy for preventing or inhibiting tumour growth. We orally pre-inoculated mice with probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM (La) for 14 d. Subcutaneous dorsal-flank tumours and segmental orthotopic colon cancers were implanted into mice using CT-26 murine colon adenocarcinoma cells. On day 28 after tumour initiation, the lamina propria of the colon, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and spleen were harvested and purified for flow cytometry and mRNA analyses. We demonstrated that La pre-inoculation reduced tumour volume growth by 50.3 %, compared with untreated mice at 28 d after tumour implants (2465.5 (sem 1290.4) v. 4950.9 (sem 1689.3) mm3, P < 0.001). Inoculation with La reduced the severity of colonic carcinogenesis caused by CT-26 cells, such as level of colonic involvement and structural abnormality of epithelial/crypt damage. Moreover, La enhanced apoptosis of CT-26 cells both in dorsal-flank tumour and segmental orthotopic colon cancer, and the mean counts of apoptotic body were higher in mice pre-inoculated with La (P < 0.05) compared with untreated mice. La pre-inoculation down-regulated the CXCR4 mRNA expressions in the colon, MLN and extra-intestinal tissue, compared with untreated mice (P < 0.05). In addition, La pre-inoculation reduced the mean fluorescence index of MHC class I (H-2Dd, -Kd and -Ld) in flow cytometry analysis. Taken together, these findings suggest that probiotics La may play a role in attenuating tumour growth during CT-26 cell carcinogenesis. The down-regulated expression of CXCR4 mRNA and MHC class I, as well as increasing apoptosis in tumour tissue, indicated that La may be associated with modulating the cellular response triggered by colon carcinogenesis. Modulation of the cellular response by the administration of probiotic bacteria may be an effective strategy for preventing or inhibiting tumour growth. We orally pre-inoculated mice with probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM (La) for 14 d. Subcutaneous dorsal-flank tumours and segmental orthotopic colon cancers were implanted into mice using CT-26 murine colon adenocarcinoma cells. On day 28 after tumour initiation, the lamina propria of the colon, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and spleen were harvested and purified for flow cytometry and mRNA analyses. We demonstrated that La pre-inoculation reduced tumour volume growth by 50·3 %, compared with untreated mice at 28 d after tumour implants (2465·5 (SEM 1290·4) v. 4950·9 (SEM 1689·3) mm³, P<0·001). Inoculation with La reduced the severity of colonic carcinogenesis caused by CT-26 cells, such as level of colonic involvement and structural abnormality of epithelial/crypt damage. Moreover, La enhanced apoptosis of CT-26 cells both in dorsal-flank tumour and segmental orthotopic colon cancer, and the mean counts of apoptotic body were higher in mice pre-inoculated with La (P<0·05) compared with untreated mice. La pre-inoculation down-regulated the CXCR4 mRNA expressions in the colon, MLN and extra-intestinal tissue, compared with untreated mice (P<0·05). In addition, La pre-inoculation reduced the mean fluorescence index of MHC class I (H-2Dd, -Kd and -Ld) in flow cytometry analysis. Taken together, these findings suggest that probiotics La may play a role in attenuating tumour growth during CT-26 cell carcinogenesis. The down-regulated expression of CXCR4 mRNA and MHC class I, as well as increasing apoptosis in tumour tissue, indicated that La may be associated with modulating the cellular response triggered by colon carcinogenesis. Modulation of the cellular response by the administration of probiotic bacteria may be an effective strategy for preventing or inhibiting tumour growth. We orally pre-inoculated mice with probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM (La) for 14 d. Subcutaneous dorsal-flank tumours and segmental orthotopic colon cancers were implanted into mice using CT-26 murine colon adenocarcinoma cells. On day 28 after tumour initiation, the lamina propria of the colon, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and spleen were harvested and purified for flow cytometry and mRNA analyses. We demonstrated that La pre-inoculation reduced tumour volume growth by 50·3 %, compared with untreated mice at 28 d after tumour implants (2465·5 (sem 1290·4) v. 4950·9 (sem 1689·3) mm3, P < 0·001). Inoculation with La reduced the severity of colonic carcinogenesis caused by CT-26 cells, such as level of colonic involvement and structural abnormality of epithelial/crypt damage. Moreover, La enhanced apoptosis of CT-26 cells both in dorsal-flank tumour and segmental orthotopic colon cancer, and the mean counts of apoptotic body were higher in mice pre-inoculated with La (P < 0·05) compared with untreated mice. La pre-inoculation down-regulated the CXCR4 mRNA expressions in the colon, MLN and extra-intestinal tissue, compared with untreated mice (P < 0·05). In addition, La pre-inoculation reduced the mean fluorescence index of MHC class I (H-2Dd, -Kd and -Ld) in flow cytometry analysis. Taken together, these findings suggest that probiotics La may play a role in attenuating tumour growth during CT-26 cell carcinogenesis. The down-regulated expression of CXCR4 mRNA and MHC class I, as well as increasing apoptosis in tumour tissue, indicated that La may be associated with modulating the cellular response triggered by colon carcinogenesis. |
| Author | Lin, Yung-Chang Walker, W. Allan Huang, Ching-Tai Shi, Hai Ning Jung, Shih-Ming Kong, Man-Shan Chen, Chien-Chang Lin, Chun-Yen Lin, Wei-Chuan Lin, Tzou-Yien |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Chien-Chang surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Chien-Chang organization: 1Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, 12L, 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC – sequence: 2 givenname: Wei-Chuan surname: Lin fullname: Lin, Wei-Chuan organization: 1Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, 12L, 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC – sequence: 3 givenname: Man-Shan surname: Kong fullname: Kong, Man-Shan organization: 1Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, 12L, 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC – sequence: 4 givenname: Hai Ning surname: Shi fullname: Shi, Hai Ning organization: 2Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: W. Allan surname: Walker fullname: Walker, W. Allan organization: 2Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Chun-Yen surname: Lin fullname: Lin, Chun-Yen organization: 3Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatogastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine,Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC – sequence: 7 givenname: Ching-Tai surname: Huang fullname: Huang, Ching-Tai organization: 4Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Disease, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine,Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC – sequence: 8 givenname: Yung-Chang surname: Lin fullname: Lin, Yung-Chang organization: 5Department of Hematology/Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine,Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC – sequence: 9 givenname: Shih-Ming surname: Jung fullname: Jung, Shih-Ming organization: 6Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC – sequence: 10 givenname: Tzou-Yien surname: Lin fullname: Lin, Tzou-Yien email: pedcgl1969@gmail.com organization: 1Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, 12L, 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC |
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| Keywords | Probiotics Colon carcinogenesis Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM CT-26 cells Apoptosis Growth Lactobacillus acidophilus Carcinogenesis Tissue Colon cancer Bacteria Lactobacillaceae Intestinal disease Colon Probiotic Digestive system Gut Oral administration Malignant tumor Colonic disease Vertebrata Mammalia Intestinal cancer Digestive diseases Computerized axial tomography Cancer |
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| References | Scotton (S0007114511004934_ref13) 2001; 61 S0007114511004934_ref48 S0007114511004934_ref47 White (S0007114511004934_ref49) 1999; 162 S0007114511004934_ref40 S0007114511004934_ref42 S0007114511004934_ref41 S0007114511004934_ref44 S0007114511004934_ref43 S0007114511004934_ref46 S0007114511004934_ref45 Linsalata (S0007114511004934_ref33) 2005; 19 S0007114511004934_ref9 S0007114511004934_ref14 S0007114511004934_ref17 S0007114511004934_ref16 S0007114511004934_ref19 S0007114511004934_ref6 S0007114511004934_ref18 S0007114511004934_ref5 S0007114511004934_ref7 S0007114511004934_ref50 S0007114511004934_ref11 S0007114511004934_ref10 S0007114511004934_ref12 S0007114511004934_ref26 S0007114511004934_ref25 S0007114511004934_ref28 S0007114511004934_ref27 S0007114511004934_ref29 S0007114511004934_ref20 S0007114511004934_ref22 S0007114511004934_ref21 Orrhage (S0007114511004934_ref8) 2000; 26 S0007114511004934_ref2 Zeelenberg (S0007114511004934_ref15) 2003; 63 S0007114511004934_ref1 S0007114511004934_ref4 S0007114511004934_ref3 Kado (S0007114511004934_ref23) 2001; 61 S0007114511004934_ref37 Moore (S0007114511004934_ref24) 1995; 61 S0007114511004934_ref36 S0007114511004934_ref39 S0007114511004934_ref38 S0007114511004934_ref31 S0007114511004934_ref30 S0007114511004934_ref32 S0007114511004934_ref35 S0007114511004934_ref34 |
| References_xml | – volume: 61 start-page: 2395 year: 2001 ident: S0007114511004934_ref23 article-title: Intestinal microflora are necessary for development of spontaneous adenocarcinoma of the large intestine in T-cell receptor beta chain and p53 double-knockout mice publication-title: Cancer Res contributor: fullname: Kado – ident: S0007114511004934_ref7 doi: 10.1093/jn/129.1.77 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref29 doi: 10.1207/s15327914nc4901_3 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref44 doi: 10.1007/s00262-004-0636-3 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref27 doi: 10.1248/bpb.18.148 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref34 doi: 10.1093/jn/135.5.996 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref48 doi: 10.1074/jbc.M303716200 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref41 doi: 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80062-X – ident: S0007114511004934_ref30 doi: 10.1079/BJN2002633 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref11 doi: 10.1002/ijc.21261 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref39 doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.07.003 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref4 doi: 10.1016/S1286-4579(02)01544-7 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref37 doi: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i40.6330 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref45 doi: 10.1038/35065016 – volume: 61 start-page: 3202 year: 1995 ident: S0007114511004934_ref24 article-title: Intestinal floras of populations that have a high risk of colon cancer publication-title: Appl Environ Microbiol doi: 10.1128/AEM.61.9.3202-3207.1995 contributor: fullname: Moore – volume: 61 start-page: 4961 year: 2001 ident: S0007114511004934_ref13 article-title: Epithelial cancer cell migration: a role for chemokine receptors? publication-title: Cancer Res contributor: fullname: Scotton – ident: S0007114511004934_ref3 doi: 10.1093/jn/130.2.403S – ident: S0007114511004934_ref36 doi: 10.1093/jn/136.6.1483 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref43 doi: 10.1002/jso.20785 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref25 doi: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2002.tb02723.x – ident: S0007114511004934_ref16 doi: 10.1084/jem.181.2.493 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref50 doi: 10.1007/s10620-008-0363-2 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref38 doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2007.12.014 – volume: 19 start-page: 989 year: 2005 ident: S0007114511004934_ref33 article-title: Effects of probiotic bacteria (VSL#3) on the polyamine biosynthesis and cell proliferation of normal colonic mucosa of rats publication-title: In Vivo contributor: fullname: Linsalata – ident: S0007114511004934_ref2 doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2007.12.008 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref32 doi: 10.3109/08910609209141296 – volume: 63 start-page: 3833 year: 2003 ident: S0007114511004934_ref15 article-title: The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is required for outgrowth of colon carcinoma micrometastases publication-title: Cancer Res contributor: fullname: Zeelenberg – ident: S0007114511004934_ref5 doi: 10.1203/01.pdr.0000183660.39116.83 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref10 doi: 10.1254/jphs.FP0071498 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref20 doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.11.6174 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref31 doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(94)90182-1 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref18 doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.18.9759 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref21 doi: 10.1189/jlb.0605342 – volume: 162 start-page: 2671 year: 1999 ident: S0007114511004934_ref49 article-title: Soluble class I MHC with β2-microglobulin covalently linked peptides: specific binding to a T cell hybridoma publication-title: J Immunol doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.5.2671 contributor: fullname: White – ident: S0007114511004934_ref17 doi: 10.1002/1521-4141(200011)30:11<3089::AID-IMMU3089>3.0.CO;2-5 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref1 doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2010.01.010 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref22 doi: 10.1207/S15327914NC352_9 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref35 doi: 10.1093/carcin/23.11.1953 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref47 doi: 10.1097/00002371-199807000-00006 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref42 doi: 10.1126/science.275.5303.1129 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref19 doi: 10.1002/ijc.21185 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref9 doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1622.1999.01498.x – volume: 26 start-page: 95 year: 2000 ident: S0007114511004934_ref8 article-title: Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in human health publication-title: Drugs Exp Clin Res contributor: fullname: Orrhage – ident: S0007114511004934_ref26 doi: 10.1207/s15327914nc4901_3 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref40 doi: 10.1007/s10495-006-0010-3 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref6 doi: 10.1007/s394-001-8359-7 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref46 doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3833 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref12 doi: 10.4142/jvs.2008.9.1.9 – ident: S0007114511004934_ref14 doi: 10.1245/s10434-010-0970-y – ident: S0007114511004934_ref28 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.01027.x |
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| SubjectTerms | Adenocarcinoma - metabolism Adenocarcinoma - pathology Adenocarcinoma - prevention & control Adenocarcinoma - secondary Animals Anticarcinogenic Agents - therapeutic use Apoptosis Bacteria Biological and medical sciences Carcinogenesis Cell Line, Tumor Chemokines Colonic Neoplasms - metabolism Colonic Neoplasms - pathology Colonic Neoplasms - prevention & control Colorectal cancer Cytotoxicity E coli Feeding. Feeding behavior Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic Genes, MHC Class I Laboratory animals Lactobacillus acidophilus Lymph nodes Lymphatic Metastasis - pathology Lymphatic Metastasis - prevention & control Metastasis Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Neoplasm Proteins - genetics Neoplasm Proteins - metabolism Neoplasm Transplantation Nutrition research Nutritional Immunology Probiotics Probiotics - therapeutic use Random Allocation Receptors, CXCR4 - genetics Receptors, CXCR4 - metabolism RNA, Messenger - metabolism Splenic Neoplasms - metabolism Splenic Neoplasms - pathology Splenic Neoplasms - prevention & control Splenic Neoplasms - secondary Tumors Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems |
| Title | Oral inoculation of probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM suppresses tumour growth both in segmental orthotopic colon cancer and extra-intestinal tissue |
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