Pathophysiological and clinical aspects of malnutrition in chronic renal failure
Kidney diseases are the ninth leading cause of death in the USA. In these patients cardiovascular mortality is greater than in the general population. This observation, not completely explained by the so-called ‘traditional’ cardiovascular risk factors, lead the authors to postulate other ‘emerging’...
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Published in | Nutrition research reviews Vol. 18; no. 1; pp. 89 - 97 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Cambridge, UK
Cambridge University Press
01.06.2005
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Abstract | Kidney diseases are the ninth leading cause of death in the USA. In these patients cardiovascular mortality is greater than in the general population. This observation, not completely explained by the so-called ‘traditional’ cardiovascular risk factors, lead the authors to postulate other ‘emerging’ ones found in chronic renal failure patients. Among these new findings, nutritional status, considered as the balance existing between nutrient requirements and intakes, plays an important role for the development of cardiovascular diseases. In fact several nutritional parameters are widely known as pathophysiological determinants of cardiovascular disturbances, which are based on accelerated atherosclerosis, due especially to enhanced oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Chronic renal failure is a clinical condition that from many points of view seems to be a chronic inflammatory state, and many studies confirm this observation. This influences nutritional status especially in dialysis patients. Malnutrition is related in turn to accelerated atherosclerosis thus leading to a postulated ‘malnutrition, inflammation, atherosclerosis’ (MIA) syndrome in which malnutrition, inflammation and atherosclerosis contribute to an elevated cardiovascular mortality rate. The present review explores this issue, first by describing epidemiological aspects of malnutrition in chronic renal failure patients and then by analysing the specific biochemical and metabolic features of these patients. |
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AbstractList | Kidney diseases are the ninth leading cause of death in the USA. In these patients cardiovascular mortality is greater than in the general population. This observation, not completely explained by the so-called ‘traditional’ cardiovascular risk factors, lead the authors to postulate other ‘emerging’ ones found in chronic renal failure patients. Among these new findings, nutritional status, considered as the balance existing between nutrient requirements and intakes, plays an important role for the development of cardiovascular diseases. In fact several nutritional parameters are widely known as pathophysiological determinants of cardiovascular disturbances, which are based on accelerated atherosclerosis, due especially to enhanced oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Chronic renal failure is a clinical condition that from many points of view seems to be a chronic inflammatory state, and many studies confirm this observation. This influences nutritional status especially in dialysis patients. Malnutrition is related in turn to accelerated atherosclerosis thus leading to a postulated ‘malnutrition, inflammation, atherosclerosis’ (MIA) syndrome in which malnutrition, inflammation and atherosclerosis contribute to an elevated cardiovascular mortality rate. The present review explores this issue, first by describing epidemiological aspects of malnutrition in chronic renal failure patients and then by analysing the specific biochemical and metabolic features of these patients. Abstract Kidney diseases are the ninth leading cause of death in the USA. In these patients cardiovascular mortality is greater than in the general population. This observation, not completely explained by the so-called 'traditional' cardiovascular risk factors, lead the authors to postulate other 'emerging' ones found in chronic renal failure patients. Among these new findings, nutritional status, considered as the balance existing between nutrient requirements and intakes, plays an important role for the development of cardiovascular diseases. In fact several nutritional parameters are widely known as pathophysiological determinants of cardiovascular disturbances, which are based on accelerated atherosclerosis, due especially to enhanced oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Chronic renal failure is a clinical condition that from many points of view seems to be a chronic inflammatory state, and many studies confirm this observation. This influences nutritional status especially in dialysis patients. Malnutrition is related in turn to accelerated atherosclerosis thus leading to a postulated 'malnutrition, inflammation, atherosclerosis' (MIA) syndrome in which malnutrition, inflammation and atherosclerosis contribute to an elevated cardiovascular mortality rate. The present review explores this issue, first by describing epidemiological aspects of malnutrition in chronic renal failure patients and then by analysing the specific biochemical and metabolic features of these patients. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Abstract Kidney diseases are the ninth leading cause of death in the USA. In these patients cardiovascular mortality is greater than in the general population. This observation, not completely explained by the so-called ‘traditional’ cardiovascular risk factors, lead the authors to postulate other ‘emerging’ ones found in chronic renal failure patients. Among these new findings, nutritional status, considered as the balance existing between nutrient requirements and intakes, plays an important role for the development of cardiovascular diseases. In fact several nutritional parameters are widely known as pathophysiological determinants of cardiovascular disturbances, which are based on accelerated atherosclerosis, due especially to enhanced oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Chronic renal failure is a clinical condition that from many points of view seems to be a chronic inflammatory state, and many studies confirm this observation. This influences nutritional status especially in dialysis patients. Malnutrition is related in turn to accelerated atherosclerosis thus leading to a postulated ‘malnutrition, inflammation, atherosclerosis’ (MIA) syndrome in which malnutrition, inflammation and atherosclerosis contribute to an elevated cardiovascular mortality rate. The present review explores this issue, first by describing epidemiological aspects of malnutrition in chronic renal failure patients and then by analysing the specific biochemical and metabolic features of these patients. |
Author | Carollo, C. Lo Presti, R. Caimi, G. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: G. surname: Caimi fullname: Caimi, G. email: caimigre@unipa.it organization: 1Via Leonardo da Vinci 52, 90145 Palermo, Italy – sequence: 2 givenname: C. surname: Carollo fullname: Carollo, C. organization: 2Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular and Renal Diseases, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy – sequence: 3 givenname: R. surname: Lo Presti fullname: Lo Presti, R. organization: 2Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular and Renal Diseases, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy |
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Keywords | Kidney disease Chronic renal failure Malnutrition Atherosclerosis Urinary system disease Nutrition disorder Chronic renal failure: Kidney disease: Atherosclerosis: Malnutrition Cardiovascular disease Chronic kidney disease Vascular disease Vertebrata Chronic Mammalia Renal failure |
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Snippet | Kidney diseases are the ninth leading cause of death in the USA. In these patients cardiovascular mortality is greater than in the general population. This... Abstract Kidney diseases are the ninth leading cause of death in the USA. In these patients cardiovascular mortality is greater than in the general population.... Abstract Kidney diseases are the ninth leading cause of death in the USA. In these patients cardiovascular mortality is greater than in the general population.... |
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SubjectTerms | amino acid metabolism Atherosclerosis Biological and medical sciences Cardiovascular diseases Dialysis Epidemiology Feeding. Feeding behavior Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology glucose metabolism Health risks Hemodialysis human health human nutrition inflammation insulin Kidney diseases Malnutrition Mortality Nutrient balance Nutrient requirements Nutrient status Nutrition research Nutritional status Oxidative stress Peritoneal dialysis Proteins renal failure Risk factors Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems |
Title | Pathophysiological and clinical aspects of malnutrition in chronic renal failure |
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