Hydro-ethanolic extract of cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) nut and its principal compound, anacardic acid, stimulate glucose uptake in C2C12 muscle cells

Scope: Products of cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) are used in traditional medicine for various ailments, including diabetes. Methods and results: The anti-diabetic properties of cashew plant parts were studied using differentiated C2C12 myoblasts (myotubes) and rat liver mitochondria. Hydroeth...

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Published in	Molecular nutrition & food research Vol. 54; no. 12; pp. 1753 - 1762
Main Authors	Tedong, Leonard, Madiraju, Padma, Martineau, Louis C, Vallerand, Diane, Arnason, John T, Desire, Dzeufiet D.P, Lavoie, Louis, Kamtchouing, Pierre, Haddad, Pierre S
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Weinheim Wiley-VCH Verlag 01.12.2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag WILEY‐VCH Verlag Wiley
Subjects	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase Anacardic acid Anacardic Acids - pharmacology Anacardium - chemistry Analysis of Variance Animals Biological and medical sciences Blotting, Western Cashew seed extract Cell Line Diabetes Food industries Fruit and vegetable industries Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Glucose - metabolism Hypoglycemic Agents - pharmacology Insulin - metabolism Male Mice Mitochondria, Liver - drug effects Muscle Cells - cytology Muscle Cells - metabolism Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - cytology Nuts - chemistry Oxidative Phosphorylation Plant Extracts - pharmacology Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - metabolism Rats Rats, Wistar Receptor, Insulin - metabolism Seeds - chemistry Nuts Seeds Cashew seed extract Enzyme Anacardium occidentale Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase Transferases Non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase Extract Glucose Uptake Anacardic acid Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Dicotyledones Angiospermae Tree Carbohydrate Spermatophyta Muscle Diabetes Anacardiaceae
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Abstract	Scope: Products of cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) are used in traditional medicine for various ailments, including diabetes. Methods and results: The anti-diabetic properties of cashew plant parts were studied using differentiated C2C12 myoblasts (myotubes) and rat liver mitochondria. Hydroethanolic extract of cashew seed (CSE) and its active component, anacardic acid (AA), stimulated glucose transport into C2C12 myotubes in a concentration-dependent manner. Extracts of other parts (leaves, bark and apple) of cashew plant were inactive. Significant synergistic effect on glucose uptake with insulin was noticed at 100 μg/mL CSE. CSE and AA caused activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in C2C12 myotubes after 6 h of incubation. No significant effect was noticed on Akt and insulin receptor phosphorylation. Both CSE and AA exerted significant uncoupling of succinate-stimulated respiration in rat liver mitochondria. Conclusion: Activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase by CSE and AA likely increases plasma membrane glucose transporters, resulting in elevated glucose uptake. In addition, the dysfunction of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation may enhance glycolysis and contribute to increased glucose uptake. These results collectively suggest that CSE may be a potential anti-diabetic nutraceutical.
AbstractList	Scope: Products of cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) are used in traditional medicine for various ailments, including diabetes. Methods and results: The anti‐diabetic properties of cashew plant parts were studied using differentiated C2C12 myoblasts (myotubes) and rat liver mitochondria. Hydroethanolic extract of cashew seed (CSE) and its active component, anacardic acid (AA), stimulated glucose transport into C2C12 myotubes in a concentration‐dependent manner. Extracts of other parts (leaves, bark and apple) of cashew plant were inactive. Significant synergistic effect on glucose uptake with insulin was noticed at 100 μg/mL CSE. CSE and AA caused activation of adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase in C2C12 myotubes after 6 h of incubation. No significant effect was noticed on Akt and insulin receptor phosphorylation. Both CSE and AA exerted significant uncoupling of succinate‐stimulated respiration in rat liver mitochondria. Conclusion: Activation of adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase by CSE and AA likely increases plasma membrane glucose transporters, resulting in elevated glucose uptake. In addition, the dysfunction of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation may enhance glycolysis and contribute to increased glucose uptake. These results collectively suggest that CSE may be a potential anti‐diabetic nutraceutical. Abstract Scope: Products of cashew tree ( Anacardium occidentale ) are used in traditional medicine for various ailments, including diabetes. Methods and results: The anti‐diabetic properties of cashew plant parts were studied using differentiated C2C12 myoblasts (myotubes) and rat liver mitochondria. Hydroethanolic extract of cashew seed (CSE) and its active component, anacardic acid (AA), stimulated glucose transport into C2C12 myotubes in a concentration‐dependent manner. Extracts of other parts (leaves, bark and apple) of cashew plant were inactive. Significant synergistic effect on glucose uptake with insulin was noticed at 100 μg/mL CSE. CSE and AA caused activation of adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase in C2C12 myotubes after 6 h of incubation. No significant effect was noticed on Akt and insulin receptor phosphorylation. Both CSE and AA exerted significant uncoupling of succinate‐stimulated respiration in rat liver mitochondria. Conclusion: Activation of adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase by CSE and AA likely increases plasma membrane glucose transporters, resulting in elevated glucose uptake. In addition, the dysfunction of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation may enhance glycolysis and contribute to increased glucose uptake. These results collectively suggest that CSE may be a potential anti‐diabetic nutraceutical. Scope: Products of cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) are used in traditional medicine for various ailments, including diabetes. Methods and results: The anti-diabetic properties of cashew plant parts were studied using differentiated C2C12 myoblasts (myotubes) and rat liver mitochondria. Hydroethanolic extract of cashew seed (CSE) and its active component, anacardic acid (AA), stimulated glucose transport into C2C12 myotubes in a concentration-dependent manner. Extracts of other parts (leaves, bark and apple) of cashew plant were inactive. Significant synergistic effect on glucose uptake with insulin was noticed at 100 μg/mL CSE. CSE and AA caused activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in C2C12 myotubes after 6 h of incubation. No significant effect was noticed on Akt and insulin receptor phosphorylation. Both CSE and AA exerted significant uncoupling of succinate-stimulated respiration in rat liver mitochondria. Conclusion: Activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase by CSE and AA likely increases plasma membrane glucose transporters, resulting in elevated glucose uptake. In addition, the dysfunction of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation may enhance glycolysis and contribute to increased glucose uptake. These results collectively suggest that CSE may be a potential anti-diabetic nutraceutical. Products of cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) are used in traditional medicine for various ailments, including diabetes. The anti-diabetic properties of cashew plant parts were studied using differentiated C2C12 myoblasts (myotubes) and rat liver mitochondria. Hydroethanolic extract of cashew seed (CSE) and its active component, anacardic acid (AA), stimulated glucose transport into C2C12 myotubes in a concentration-dependent manner. Extracts of other parts (leaves, bark and apple) of cashew plant were inactive. Significant synergistic effect on glucose uptake with insulin was noticed at 100 μg/mL CSE. CSE and AA caused activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in C2C12 myotubes after 6 h of incubation. No significant effect was noticed on Akt and insulin receptor phosphorylation. Both CSE and AA exerted significant uncoupling of succinate-stimulated respiration in rat liver mitochondria. Activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase by CSE and AA likely increases plasma membrane glucose transporters, resulting in elevated glucose uptake. In addition, the dysfunction of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation may enhance glycolysis and contribute to increased glucose uptake. These results collectively suggest that CSE may be a potential anti-diabetic nutraceutical. SCOPEProducts of cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) are used in traditional medicine for various ailments, including diabetes.METHODS AND RESULTSThe anti-diabetic properties of cashew plant parts were studied using differentiated C2C12 myoblasts (myotubes) and rat liver mitochondria. Hydroethanolic extract of cashew seed (CSE) and its active component, anacardic acid (AA), stimulated glucose transport into C2C12 myotubes in a concentration-dependent manner. Extracts of other parts (leaves, bark and apple) of cashew plant were inactive. Significant synergistic effect on glucose uptake with insulin was noticed at 100 μg/mL CSE. CSE and AA caused activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in C2C12 myotubes after 6 h of incubation. No significant effect was noticed on Akt and insulin receptor phosphorylation. Both CSE and AA exerted significant uncoupling of succinate-stimulated respiration in rat liver mitochondria.CONCLUSIONActivation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase by CSE and AA likely increases plasma membrane glucose transporters, resulting in elevated glucose uptake. In addition, the dysfunction of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation may enhance glycolysis and contribute to increased glucose uptake. These results collectively suggest that CSE may be a potential anti-diabetic nutraceutical.
Author	Madiraju, Padma Martineau, Louis C. Tedong, Leonard Vallerand, Diane Desire, Dzeufiet D. P. Haddad, Pierre S. Kamtchouing, Pierre Arnason, John T. Lavoie, Louis
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Keywords	Nuts Seeds Cashew seed extract Enzyme Anacardium occidentale Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase Transferases Non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase Extract Glucose Uptake Anacardic acid Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Dicotyledones Angiospermae Tree Carbohydrate Spermatophyta Muscle Diabetes Anacardiaceae
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Snippet	Scope: Products of cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) are used in traditional medicine for various ailments, including diabetes. Methods and results: The... Scope: Products of cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) are used in traditional medicine for various ailments, including diabetes. Methods and results: The... Products of cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) are used in traditional medicine for various ailments, including diabetes. The anti-diabetic properties of... Abstract Scope: Products of cashew tree ( Anacardium occidentale ) are used in traditional medicine for various ailments, including diabetes. Methods and... SCOPEProducts of cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) are used in traditional medicine for various ailments, including diabetes.METHODS AND RESULTSThe...
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SubjectTerms	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase Anacardic acid Anacardic Acids - pharmacology Anacardium - chemistry Analysis of Variance Animals Biological and medical sciences Blotting, Western Cashew seed extract Cell Line Diabetes Food industries Fruit and vegetable industries Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Glucose - metabolism Hypoglycemic Agents - pharmacology Insulin - metabolism Male Mice Mitochondria, Liver - drug effects Muscle Cells - cytology Muscle Cells - metabolism Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - cytology Nuts - chemistry Oxidative Phosphorylation Plant Extracts - pharmacology Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - metabolism Rats Rats, Wistar Receptor, Insulin - metabolism Seeds - chemistry
Title	Hydro-ethanolic extract of cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) nut and its principal compound, anacardic acid, stimulate glucose uptake in C2C12 muscle cells
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