Decreasing the pain of local anesthesia: A prospective, double-blind comparison of buffered, premixed 1% lidocaine with epinephrine versus 1% lidocaine freshly mixed with epinephrine

• Published in: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology Vol. 54; no. 1; pp. 128 - 131
• Main Authors: Burns, Carrine A., Ferris, Georgette, Feng, Changyong, Cooper, Jennifer Z., Brown, Marc D.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Mosby, Inc 2006; Elsevier
• Subjects: Anesthetics, Local - administration & dosage; Anesthetics, Local - adverse effects; Biological and medical sciences; Buffers; Dermatology; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Epinephrine - administration & dosage; Epinephrine - adverse effects; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Injections, Intradermal; Lidocaine - administration & dosage; Lidocaine - adverse effects; Medical sciences; Pain - chemically induced; Pain - physiopathology; Pain Measurement; Sodium Bicarbonate; Solutions - chemistry; Epinephrine; Human; Drug combination; Dermatology; Anticonvulsant; Catecholamine; Antiarrhythmic agent; Local anesthetic; Prospective; Pain; Local anesthesia; Double blind study; Organic amide; Lidocaine; Comparative study

Local anesthetics are acidic and cause pain on infiltration into the skin. Two methods are commonly used by dermatologists to raise the pH of lidocaine with epinephrine: buffering with sodium bicarbonate or freshly mixing lidocaine with epinephrine on the day of use. Our purpose was to compare the p...