The Role of the Mediterranean Diet in the Prevention of Sarcopenia and Frailty in Older Adults: A Narrative Review
Background/Objectives: Sarcopenia and frailty are interrelated conditions and have a high incidence in older adults. They contribute to increased morbidity and mortality and poor quality of life. There is emerging evidence that healthy diets such as the Mediterranean diet could delay the onset of sa...
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| Published in | Nutrients Vol. 17; no. 10; p. 1743 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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21.05.2025
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| Abstract | Background/Objectives: Sarcopenia and frailty are interrelated conditions and have a high incidence in older adults. They contribute to increased morbidity and mortality and poor quality of life. There is emerging evidence that healthy diets such as the Mediterranean diet could delay the onset of sarcopenia and frailty. This review aims to evaluate the role of the MD in preventing these conditions. Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed (MEDLINE, NCBI) for English-language articles published within the last 10 years (2014–2024) using the search terms “Mediterranean diet”, “frailty”, “sarcopenia”, and “old people”. A total of 111 articles were identified, of which 36 were excluded during the initial screening. Subsequently, 75 manuscripts were assessed for eligibility. Subsequently, a further 62 articles were excluded (narrative reviews, articles not focused on the elderly population, or articles with different outcomes). Finally, 13 articles were included in the review. Results: The 13 selected studies comprised seven observational studies, three systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and three clinical trials. The findings suggest that adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), particularly when combined with physical activity, may improve body composition and cardiometabolic health and reduce indicators of sarcopenia in obese older adults. Furthermore, MD-based nutritional interventions were associated with improved physical functions such as balance, gait, fall risk, flexibility, and muscle strength (p < 0.05, all). The MD also demonstrated a preventive effect against frailty, particularly in pre-frail individuals. Conclusions: High adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) may delay the onset of sarcopenia and improve muscle function in older adults. However, the available scientific evidence is of low to moderate quality. Well-designed prospective intervention studies are needed to confirm whether the MD can modify the natural history of sarcopenia and/or frailty in older adults. |
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| AbstractList | : Sarcopenia and frailty are interrelated conditions and have a high incidence in older adults. They contribute to increased morbidity and mortality and poor quality of life. There is emerging evidence that healthy diets such as the Mediterranean diet could delay the onset of sarcopenia and frailty. This review aims to evaluate the role of the MD in preventing these conditions.
: A literature search was conducted on PubMed (MEDLINE, NCBI) for English-language articles published within the last 10 years (2014-2024) using the search terms "Mediterranean diet", "frailty", "sarcopenia", and "old people". A total of 111 articles were identified, of which 36 were excluded during the initial screening. Subsequently, 75 manuscripts were assessed for eligibility. Subsequently, a further 62 articles were excluded (narrative reviews, articles not focused on the elderly population, or articles with different outcomes). Finally, 13 articles were included in the review.
: The 13 selected studies comprised seven observational studies, three systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and three clinical trials. The findings suggest that adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), particularly when combined with physical activity, may improve body composition and cardiometabolic health and reduce indicators of sarcopenia in obese older adults. Furthermore, MD-based nutritional interventions were associated with improved physical functions such as balance, gait, fall risk, flexibility, and muscle strength (
< 0.05, all). The MD also demonstrated a preventive effect against frailty, particularly in pre-frail individuals.
High adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) may delay the onset of sarcopenia and improve muscle function in older adults. However, the available scientific evidence is of low to moderate quality. Well-designed prospective intervention studies are needed to confirm whether the MD can modify the natural history of sarcopenia and/or frailty in older adults. Background/Objectives: Sarcopenia and frailty are interrelated conditions and have a high incidence in older adults. They contribute to increased morbidity and mortality and poor quality of life. There is emerging evidence that healthy diets such as the Mediterranean diet could delay the onset of sarcopenia and frailty. This review aims to evaluate the role of the MD in preventing these conditions. Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed (MEDLINE, NCBI) for English-language articles published within the last 10 years (2014-2024) using the search terms "Mediterranean diet", "frailty", "sarcopenia", and "old people". A total of 111 articles were identified, of which 36 were excluded during the initial screening. Subsequently, 75 manuscripts were assessed for eligibility. Subsequently, a further 62 articles were excluded (narrative reviews, articles not focused on the elderly population, or articles with different outcomes). Finally, 13 articles were included in the review. Results: The 13 selected studies comprised seven observational studies, three systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and three clinical trials. The findings suggest that adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), particularly when combined with physical activity, may improve body composition and cardiometabolic health and reduce indicators of sarcopenia in obese older adults. Furthermore, MD-based nutritional interventions were associated with improved physical functions such as balance, gait, fall risk, flexibility, and muscle strength (p < 0.05, all). The MD also demonstrated a preventive effect against frailty, particularly in pre-frail individuals. Conclusions: High adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) may delay the onset of sarcopenia and improve muscle function in older adults. However, the available scientific evidence is of low to moderate quality. Well-designed prospective intervention studies are needed to confirm whether the MD can modify the natural history of sarcopenia and/or frailty in older adults.Background/Objectives: Sarcopenia and frailty are interrelated conditions and have a high incidence in older adults. They contribute to increased morbidity and mortality and poor quality of life. There is emerging evidence that healthy diets such as the Mediterranean diet could delay the onset of sarcopenia and frailty. This review aims to evaluate the role of the MD in preventing these conditions. Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed (MEDLINE, NCBI) for English-language articles published within the last 10 years (2014-2024) using the search terms "Mediterranean diet", "frailty", "sarcopenia", and "old people". A total of 111 articles were identified, of which 36 were excluded during the initial screening. Subsequently, 75 manuscripts were assessed for eligibility. Subsequently, a further 62 articles were excluded (narrative reviews, articles not focused on the elderly population, or articles with different outcomes). Finally, 13 articles were included in the review. Results: The 13 selected studies comprised seven observational studies, three systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and three clinical trials. The findings suggest that adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), particularly when combined with physical activity, may improve body composition and cardiometabolic health and reduce indicators of sarcopenia in obese older adults. Furthermore, MD-based nutritional interventions were associated with improved physical functions such as balance, gait, fall risk, flexibility, and muscle strength (p < 0.05, all). The MD also demonstrated a preventive effect against frailty, particularly in pre-frail individuals. Conclusions: High adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) may delay the onset of sarcopenia and improve muscle function in older adults. However, the available scientific evidence is of low to moderate quality. Well-designed prospective intervention studies are needed to confirm whether the MD can modify the natural history of sarcopenia and/or frailty in older adults. Background/Objectives : Sarcopenia and frailty are interrelated conditions and have a high incidence in older adults. They contribute to increased morbidity and mortality and poor quality of life. There is emerging evidence that healthy diets such as the Mediterranean diet could delay the onset of sarcopenia and frailty. This review aims to evaluate the role of the MD in preventing these conditions. Methods : A literature search was conducted on PubMed (MEDLINE, NCBI) for English-language articles published within the last 10 years (2014–2024) using the search terms “Mediterranean diet”, “frailty”, “sarcopenia”, and “old people”. A total of 111 articles were identified, of which 36 were excluded during the initial screening. Subsequently, 75 manuscripts were assessed for eligibility. Subsequently, a further 62 articles were excluded (narrative reviews, articles not focused on the elderly population, or articles with different outcomes). Finally, 13 articles were included in the review. Results : The 13 selected studies comprised seven observational studies, three systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and three clinical trials. The findings suggest that adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), particularly when combined with physical activity, may improve body composition and cardiometabolic health and reduce indicators of sarcopenia in obese older adults. Furthermore, MD-based nutritional interventions were associated with improved physical functions such as balance, gait, fall risk, flexibility, and muscle strength ( p < 0.05, all). The MD also demonstrated a preventive effect against frailty, particularly in pre-frail individuals. Conclusions: High adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) may delay the onset of sarcopenia and improve muscle function in older adults. However, the available scientific evidence is of low to moderate quality. Well-designed prospective intervention studies are needed to confirm whether the MD can modify the natural history of sarcopenia and/or frailty in older adults. Background/Objectives: Sarcopenia and frailty are interrelated conditions and have a high incidence in older adults. They contribute to increased morbidity and mortality and poor quality of life. There is emerging evidence that healthy diets such as the Mediterranean diet could delay the onset of sarcopenia and frailty. This review aims to evaluate the role of the MD in preventing these conditions. Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed (MEDLINE, NCBI) for English-language articles published within the last 10 years (2014–2024) using the search terms “Mediterranean diet”, “frailty”, “sarcopenia”, and “old people”. A total of 111 articles were identified, of which 36 were excluded during the initial screening. Subsequently, 75 manuscripts were assessed for eligibility. Subsequently, a further 62 articles were excluded (narrative reviews, articles not focused on the elderly population, or articles with different outcomes). Finally, 13 articles were included in the review. Results: The 13 selected studies comprised seven observational studies, three systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and three clinical trials. The findings suggest that adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), particularly when combined with physical activity, may improve body composition and cardiometabolic health and reduce indicators of sarcopenia in obese older adults. Furthermore, MD-based nutritional interventions were associated with improved physical functions such as balance, gait, fall risk, flexibility, and muscle strength (p < 0.05, all). The MD also demonstrated a preventive effect against frailty, particularly in pre-frail individuals. Conclusions: High adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) may delay the onset of sarcopenia and improve muscle function in older adults. However, the available scientific evidence is of low to moderate quality. Well-designed prospective intervention studies are needed to confirm whether the MD can modify the natural history of sarcopenia and/or frailty in older adults. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Sepúlveda, Constanza Arroyo-Huidobro, Marta Amat, Magali Pellicé, Martina Capdevila-Reniu, Aina Chavez, Ariana Ladino, Andrea Sacanella, Emilio |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Physiotherapy Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; mamat1@clinic.cat 3 Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Mataró, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, 08304 Mataró, Barcelona, Spain; acapdevilare@csdm.cat 7 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain 1 Geriatric Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Villarroel Street 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain 4 Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; ladino@clinic.cat 5 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain 6 Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 7 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain – name: 6 Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain – name: 1 Geriatric Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Villarroel Street 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain – name: 4 Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; ladino@clinic.cat – name: 2 Physiotherapy Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; mamat1@clinic.cat – name: 5 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain – name: 3 Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Mataró, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, 08304 Mataró, Barcelona, Spain; acapdevilare@csdm.cat |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Marta orcidid: 0000-0001-7693-6591 surname: Arroyo-Huidobro fullname: Arroyo-Huidobro, Marta – sequence: 2 givenname: Magali surname: Amat fullname: Amat, Magali – sequence: 3 givenname: Aina surname: Capdevila-Reniu fullname: Capdevila-Reniu, Aina – sequence: 4 givenname: Ariana surname: Chavez fullname: Chavez, Ariana – sequence: 5 givenname: Martina orcidid: 0000-0001-5553-3216 surname: Pellicé fullname: Pellicé, Martina – sequence: 6 givenname: Andrea surname: Ladino fullname: Ladino, Andrea – sequence: 7 givenname: Constanza surname: Sepúlveda fullname: Sepúlveda, Constanza – sequence: 8 givenname: Emilio orcidid: 0000-0001-8018-1523 surname: Sacanella fullname: Sacanella, Emilio |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03146.x 10.1017/S1368980013003169 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112180 10.3945/an.113.005389 10.1007/s13679-022-00481-1 10.1093/cvr/cvae073 10.1111/jhn.12943 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02612-5 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.09.073 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62167-9 10.1093/ajcn/82.1.163 10.1093/gerona/62.7.738 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.1668 10.3390/nu16111601 10.1016/j.jnha.2023.100001 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101395 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.03.012 10.1371/journal.pone.0043134 10.1002/jcsm.12442 10.1093/ageing/afy169 10.1007/s00394-024-03370-6 10.1023/A:1025634020718 10.3390/nu17020313 10.1017/S0007114509993837 10.3390/nu13082712 10.3390/nu11071487 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001079 10.1093/gerona/56.3.M146 10.1017/S1368980011002515 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.07.041 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001123 10.1093/aje/kws205 10.1056/NEJMoa1800389 10.3390/nu15132963 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319654 10.3390/nu10060767 10.1079/PHN2004558 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.0650 10.1056/NEJMoa025039 10.1007/s12603-017-0993-1 10.1056/NEJMra2301292 10.14283/jfa.2018.46 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00122-2 10.1001/archinternmed.2009.38 |
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| Keywords | frailty nutritional assessment Mediterranean diet elderly function sarcopenia |
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| Snippet | Background/Objectives: Sarcopenia and frailty are interrelated conditions and have a high incidence in older adults. They contribute to increased morbidity and... : Sarcopenia and frailty are interrelated conditions and have a high incidence in older adults. They contribute to increased morbidity and mortality and poor... Background/Objectives : Sarcopenia and frailty are interrelated conditions and have a high incidence in older adults. They contribute to increased morbidity... |
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| SubjectTerms | Aged Aged, 80 and over Body Composition Chronic illnesses Diet, Mediterranean Exercise Female Frail Elderly Frailty Frailty - prevention & control Humans Male Mortality Older people Prevention Quality of Life Review Sarcopenia Sarcopenia - prevention & control Type 2 diabetes |
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| Title | The Role of the Mediterranean Diet in the Prevention of Sarcopenia and Frailty in Older Adults: A Narrative Review |
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