Root traits with team benefits: understanding belowground interactions in intercropping systems

Background The potential benefits of intercropping are manifold and have been repeatedly demonstrated. Intercropping has the potential to create more productive and resilient agroecosystems, by improving land utilisation, yield and yield stability, soil quality, and pest, disease and weed suppressio...

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Published inPlant and soil Vol. 471; no. 1-2; pp. 1 - 26
Main Authors Homulle, Z., George, T. S., Karley, A. J.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Cham Springer International Publishing 01.02.2022
Springer
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects
Agricultural ecosystems
Agricultural practices
Agricultural production
Agriculture
agroecosystems
Analysis
Biomass
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Competition (Biology)
Complementarity
Corn
Crop diseases
Crop improvement
Cropping systems
Crops
Differentiation
ecological differentiation
Ecology
Farmers
ideotypes
Intercropping
Land use
Life Sciences
Marschner Review
Methods
Monoculture
Niches
Optimization
Pathogens
Pests
Plant breeding
Plant Physiology
Plant Sciences
Plant-soil relationships
Resource partitioning (Ecology)
Rhizosphere
Roots
Roots (Botany)
soil
Soil improvement
Soil quality
Soil Science & Conservation
Soil stability
Soils
Sustainable agriculture
Sustainable practices
Temporal distribution
weed control
France
Norway
United Kingdom
Facilitation
Niche differentiation
Selection effects
Root distribution
Complementarity
Trait plasticity
Disease suppression
Root-root interactions
Nutrient uptake
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Abstract Background The potential benefits of intercropping are manifold and have been repeatedly demonstrated. Intercropping has the potential to create more productive and resilient agroecosystems, by improving land utilisation, yield and yield stability, soil quality, and pest, disease and weed suppression. Despite these potential benefits, significant gaps remain in the understanding of ecological mechanisms that govern the outcomes when crop species are grown together. A major part of plant-plant interactions takes place belowground and these are often overlooked. Scope This review synthesises current evidence for belowground plant-plant interactions of competition, niche differentiation and facilitation, with the aim of identifying root traits that influence the processes contributing to enhanced performance of intercrops compared with monocultures. We identify a suite of potentially complementary root traits for maximising the benefits of intercropping. These traits underpin improved soil exploration, more efficient resource use, and suppression of soil-borne pathogens and pests in intercrops. Conclusion This review brings together understanding of the mechanisms underpinning interactions between intercropped roots, and how root traits and their plasticity can promote positive outcomes. Root trait ‘ideotypes’ for intercropped partners are identified that could be selected for crop improvement. We highlight the importance of examining belowground interactions and consider both spatial and temporal distribution of roots and rhizosphere mechanisms that aid complementarity through niche differentiation and facilitation. Breeding of crop ideotypes with specific beneficial root traits, combined with considerations for optimal spatio-temporal arrangement and ratios of component crops, are essential next steps to promote the adoption of intercropping as a sustainable farming practice.
AbstractList BackgroundThe potential benefits of intercropping are manifold and have been repeatedly demonstrated. Intercropping has the potential to create more productive and resilient agroecosystems, by improving land utilisation, yield and yield stability, soil quality, and pest, disease and weed suppression. Despite these potential benefits, significant gaps remain in the understanding of ecological mechanisms that govern the outcomes when crop species are grown together. A major part of plant-plant interactions takes place belowground and these are often overlooked.ScopeThis review synthesises current evidence for belowground plant-plant interactions of competition, niche differentiation and facilitation, with the aim of identifying root traits that influence the processes contributing to enhanced performance of intercrops compared with monocultures. We identify a suite of potentially complementary root traits for maximising the benefits of intercropping. These traits underpin improved soil exploration, more efficient resource use, and suppression of soil-borne pathogens and pests in intercrops.ConclusionThis review brings together understanding of the mechanisms underpinning interactions between intercropped roots, and how root traits and their plasticity can promote positive outcomes. Root trait ‘ideotypes’ for intercropped partners are identified that could be selected for crop improvement. We highlight the importance of examining belowground interactions and consider both spatial and temporal distribution of roots and rhizosphere mechanisms that aid complementarity through niche differentiation and facilitation. Breeding of crop ideotypes with specific beneficial root traits, combined with considerations for optimal spatio-temporal arrangement and ratios of component crops, are essential next steps to promote the adoption of intercropping as a sustainable farming practice.
Background The potential benefits of intercropping are manifold and have been repeatedly demonstrated. Intercropping has the potential to create more productive and resilient agroecosystems, by improving land utilisation, yield and yield stability, soil quality, and pest, disease and weed suppression. Despite these potential benefits, significant gaps remain in the understanding of ecological mechanisms that govern the outcomes when crop species are grown together. A major part of plant-plant interactions takes place belowground and these are often overlooked. Scope This review synthesises current evidence for belowground plant-plant interactions of competition, niche differentiation and facilitation, with the aim of identifying root traits that influence the processes contributing to enhanced performance of intercrops compared with monocultures. We identify a suite of potentially complementary root traits for maximising the benefits of intercropping. These traits underpin improved soil exploration, more efficient resource use, and suppression of soil-borne pathogens and pests in intercrops. Conclusion This review brings together understanding of the mechanisms underpinning interactions between intercropped roots, and how root traits and their plasticity can promote positive outcomes. Root trait 'ideotypes' for intercropped partners are identified that could be selected for crop improvement. We highlight the importance of examining belowground interactions and consider both spatial and temporal distribution of roots and rhizosphere mechanisms that aid complementarity through niche differentiation and facilitation. Breeding of crop ideotypes with specific beneficial root traits, combined with considerations for optimal spatio-temporal arrangement and ratios of component crops, are essential next steps to promote the adoption of intercropping as a sustainable farming practice.
Background The potential benefits of intercropping are manifold and have been repeatedly demonstrated. Intercropping has the potential to create more productive and resilient agroecosystems, by improving land utilisation, yield and yield stability, soil quality, and pest, disease and weed suppression. Despite these potential benefits, significant gaps remain in the understanding of ecological mechanisms that govern the outcomes when crop species are grown together. A major part of plant-plant interactions takes place belowground and these are often overlooked. Scope This review synthesises current evidence for belowground plant-plant interactions of competition, niche differentiation and facilitation, with the aim of identifying root traits that influence the processes contributing to enhanced performance of intercrops compared with monocultures. We identify a suite of potentially complementary root traits for maximising the benefits of intercropping. These traits underpin improved soil exploration, more efficient resource use, and suppression of soil-borne pathogens and pests in intercrops. Conclusion This review brings together understanding of the mechanisms underpinning interactions between intercropped roots, and how root traits and their plasticity can promote positive outcomes. Root trait ‘ideotypes’ for intercropped partners are identified that could be selected for crop improvement. We highlight the importance of examining belowground interactions and consider both spatial and temporal distribution of roots and rhizosphere mechanisms that aid complementarity through niche differentiation and facilitation. Breeding of crop ideotypes with specific beneficial root traits, combined with considerations for optimal spatio-temporal arrangement and ratios of component crops, are essential next steps to promote the adoption of intercropping as a sustainable farming practice.
Audience Academic
Author Karley, A. J.
Homulle, Z.
George, T. S.
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  surname: Karley
  fullname: Karley, A. J.
  organization: Department of Ecological Sciences, the James Hutton Institute
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ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c435t-7087e6598734ff12d37c9a5e5258006f9afef272b6c66098691147369f03339e3
IEDL.DBID C6C
ISSN 0032-079X
IngestDate Fri Jul 11 02:52:29 EDT 2025
Mon Aug 11 05:51:13 EDT 2025
Tue Jun 10 21:03:53 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 01:47:14 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 22:58:17 EDT 2025
Fri Feb 21 02:47:32 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 1-2
Keywords Facilitation
Niche differentiation
Selection effects
Root distribution
Complementarity
Trait plasticity
Disease suppression
Root-root interactions
Nutrient uptake
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c435t-7087e6598734ff12d37c9a5e5258006f9afef272b6c66098691147369f03339e3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
content type line 23
OpenAccessLink https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-05165-8
PQID 2634284503
PQPubID 54098
PageCount 26
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_2675558804
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crossref_primary_10_1007_s11104_021_05165_8
crossref_citationtrail_10_1007_s11104_021_05165_8
springer_journals_10_1007_s11104_021_05165_8
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PublicationDate 20220200
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  year: 2022
  text: 20220200
PublicationDecade 2020
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PublicationSubtitle An International Journal on Plant-Soil Relationships
PublicationTitle Plant and soil
PublicationTitleAbbrev Plant Soil
PublicationYear 2022
Publisher Springer International Publishing
Springer
Springer Nature B.V
Publisher_xml – name: Springer International Publishing
– name: Springer
– name: Springer Nature B.V
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Snippet Background The potential benefits of intercropping are manifold and have been repeatedly demonstrated. Intercropping has the potential to create more...
Background The potential benefits of intercropping are manifold and have been repeatedly demonstrated. Intercropping has the potential to create more...
BackgroundThe potential benefits of intercropping are manifold and have been repeatedly demonstrated. Intercropping has the potential to create more productive...
BACKGROUND: The potential benefits of intercropping are manifold and have been repeatedly demonstrated. Intercropping has the potential to create more...
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SubjectTerms Agricultural ecosystems
Agricultural practices
Agricultural production
Agriculture
agroecosystems
Analysis
Biomass
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Competition (Biology)
Complementarity
Corn
Crop diseases
Crop improvement
Cropping systems
Crops
Differentiation
ecological differentiation
Ecology
Farmers
ideotypes
Intercropping
Land use
Life Sciences
Marschner Review
Methods
Monoculture
Niches
Optimization
Pathogens
Pests
Plant breeding
Plant Physiology
Plant Sciences
Plant-soil relationships
Resource partitioning (Ecology)
Rhizosphere
Roots
Roots (Botany)
soil
Soil improvement
Soil quality
Soil Science & Conservation
Soil stability
Soils
Sustainable agriculture
Sustainable practices
Temporal distribution
weed control
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Title Root traits with team benefits: understanding belowground interactions in intercropping systems
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