The Effect of Spinal Analgesia on Visceral Nociceptive Neurons in Caudal Medulla of the Rat
A population of neurons resident in the caudal ventrolateral medulla are excited by noxious cutaneous and visceral stimuli from large portions of the body. These neurons act as monitors of ascending nociceptive information, and we hypothesized that they would be inhibited by spinally administered an...
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Published in | Anesthesia and analgesia Vol. 89; no. 3; p. 721 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Hagerstown, MD
International Anesthesia Research Society
01.09.1999
Lippincott |
Subjects | |
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Abstract | A population of neurons resident in the caudal ventrolateral medulla are excited by noxious cutaneous and visceral stimuli from large portions of the body. These neurons act as monitors of ascending nociceptive information, and we hypothesized that they would be inhibited by spinally administered analgesics in a clinically relevant fashion. Rats were anesthetized with oxygen/halothane. The caudal medulla was surgically exposed, and a catheter placed into the intrathecal space overlying the lower thoracic spinal cord via the surgical site. Single medullary neurons were characterized for responses to cutaneous and visceral (colorectal distension) stimuli. The effects of IV and intrathecally administered morphine and lidocaine were determined. The intrathecal infusion of morphine for 6 days before testing was also used as a pretreatment. Colorectal distension-evoked responses of medullary nociceptive neurons were inhibited in a dose-dependent, naloxone-reversible fashion by intrathecal and IV morphine (50% effective dose values3.5 and 440 μg/kg, respectively). Intrathecal lidocaine abolished responses to colorectal distension and produced a spinal level at doses producing minimal effects when administered systemically. Prior treatment with an infusion of morphine produced tolerance to the effects of subsequent intrathecal morphine administration. These findings support the use of this preparation as a neurophysiologic model of spinal analgesia.
IMPLICATIONSNeurons in the brainstem, isolated electrophysiologically, were used as whole body monitors of pain-related activity in the rat. As a neurophysiologic model of nociception, this preparation may prove useful for the study of regionally administered analgesics and local anesthetics. |
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AbstractList | A population of neurons resident in the caudal ventrolateral medulla are excited by noxious cutaneous and visceral stimuli from large portions of the body. These neurons act as monitors of ascending nociceptive information, and we hypothesized that they would be inhibited by spinally administered analgesics in a clinically relevant fashion. Rats were anesthetized with oxygen/halothane. The caudal medulla was surgically exposed, and a catheter placed into the intrathecal space overlying the lower thoracic spinal cord via the surgical site. Single medullary neurons were characterized for responses to cutaneous and visceral (colorectal distension) stimuli. The effects of IV and intrathecally administered morphine and lidocaine were determined. The intrathecal infusion of morphine for 6 days before testing was also used as a pretreatment. Colorectal distension-evoked responses of medullary nociceptive neurons were inhibited in a dose-dependent, naloxone-reversible fashion by intrathecal and IV morphine (50% effective dose values3.5 and 440 μg/kg, respectively). Intrathecal lidocaine abolished responses to colorectal distension and produced a spinal level at doses producing minimal effects when administered systemically. Prior treatment with an infusion of morphine produced tolerance to the effects of subsequent intrathecal morphine administration. These findings support the use of this preparation as a neurophysiologic model of spinal analgesia.
IMPLICATIONSNeurons in the brainstem, isolated electrophysiologically, were used as whole body monitors of pain-related activity in the rat. As a neurophysiologic model of nociception, this preparation may prove useful for the study of regionally administered analgesics and local anesthetics. A population of neurons resident in the caudal ventrolateral medulla are excited by noxious cutaneous and visceral stimuli from large portions of the body. These neurons act as monitors of ascending nociceptive information, and we hypothesized that they would be inhibited by spinally administered analgesics in a clinically relevant fashion. Rats were anesthetized with oxygen/ halothane. The caudal medulla was surgically exposed, and a catheter placed into the intrathecal space overlying the lower thoracic spinal cord via the surgical site. Single medullary neurons were characterized for responses to cutaneous and visceral (colorectal distension) stimuli. The effects of i.v. and intrathecally administered morphine and lidocaine were determined. The intrathecal infusion of morphine for 6 days before testing was also used as a pretreatment. Colorectal distension-evoked responses of medullary nociceptive neurons were inhibited in a dose-dependent, naloxonereversible fashion by intrathecal and i.v. morphine (50% effective dose values: 3.5 and 440 microg/kg, respectively). Intrathecal lidocaine abolished responses to colorectal distension and produced a spinal level at doses producing minimal effects when administered systemically. Prior treatment with an infusion of morphine produced tolerance to the effects of subsequent intrathecal morphine administration. These findings support the use of this preparation as a neurophysiologic model of spinal analgesia. Neurons in the brainstem, isolated electrophysiologically, were used as whole body monitors of pain-related activity in the rat. As a neurophysiologic model of nociception, this preparation may prove useful for the study of regionally administered analgesics and local anesthetics. UNLABELLEDA population of neurons resident in the caudal ventrolateral medulla are excited by noxious cutaneous and visceral stimuli from large portions of the body. These neurons act as monitors of ascending nociceptive information, and we hypothesized that they would be inhibited by spinally administered analgesics in a clinically relevant fashion. Rats were anesthetized with oxygen/ halothane. The caudal medulla was surgically exposed, and a catheter placed into the intrathecal space overlying the lower thoracic spinal cord via the surgical site. Single medullary neurons were characterized for responses to cutaneous and visceral (colorectal distension) stimuli. The effects of i.v. and intrathecally administered morphine and lidocaine were determined. The intrathecal infusion of morphine for 6 days before testing was also used as a pretreatment. Colorectal distension-evoked responses of medullary nociceptive neurons were inhibited in a dose-dependent, naloxonereversible fashion by intrathecal and i.v. morphine (50% effective dose values: 3.5 and 440 microg/kg, respectively). Intrathecal lidocaine abolished responses to colorectal distension and produced a spinal level at doses producing minimal effects when administered systemically. Prior treatment with an infusion of morphine produced tolerance to the effects of subsequent intrathecal morphine administration. These findings support the use of this preparation as a neurophysiologic model of spinal analgesia.IMPLICATIONSNeurons in the brainstem, isolated electrophysiologically, were used as whole body monitors of pain-related activity in the rat. As a neurophysiologic model of nociception, this preparation may prove useful for the study of regionally administered analgesics and local anesthetics. |
Author | Ness, T J Follett, K A Piper, J G |
AuthorAffiliation | Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama; and †Division Neurosurgery, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa |
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Keywords | Nociception Animal model Spinal cord Intravenous administration Rat Rodentia Central nervous system Electrophysiology Nervous system Morphine Opiates Narcotic analgesic Intrathecal administration Neurophysiology Local anesthetic Analgesia Vertebrata Mammalia Regional anesthesia Pain Treatment Animal Organic amide Lidocaine |
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References | Woolf (R4-36) 1993; 77 Liu (R16-36) 1993; 32 Villaneuva (R18-36) 1986; 26 Ness (R10-36) 1998; 248 Heinricher (R19-36) 1991; 549 Omote (R1-36) 1994; 38 Roy (R15-36) 1992; 458 Parenti (R25-36) 1996; 8 Janss (R22-36) 1988; 440 Ness (R11-36) 1988; 450 Jurna (R17-36) 1996; 722 Barman (R20-36) 1994; 72 Gokin (R14-36) 1977; 73 Ciriello (R21-36) 1977; 233 Anderson (R9-36) 1988; 41 Ness (R2-36) 1988; 62 Sotgiu (R13-36) 1986; 375 Kaneko (R12-36) 1994; 80 Corvaja (R24-36) 1977; 2 Yaksh (R6-36) 1976; 17 Zemlan (R23-36) 1978; 62 Jones (R5-36) 1990; 532 Hartell (R3-36) 1991; 46 Ness (R7-36) 1998; 802 |
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Snippet | A population of neurons resident in the caudal ventrolateral medulla are excited by noxious cutaneous and visceral stimuli from large portions of the body.... UNLABELLEDA population of neurons resident in the caudal ventrolateral medulla are excited by noxious cutaneous and visceral stimuli from large portions of the... |
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SubjectTerms | Analgesia Analgesics Analgesics, Opioid - administration & dosage Analgesics, Opioid - pharmacology Anesthetics, Local - administration & dosage Anesthetics, Local - pharmacology Animals Biological and medical sciences Drug Tolerance Electric Stimulation Evoked Potentials Injections, Intravenous Injections, Spinal Lidocaine - administration & dosage Lidocaine - pharmacology Male Medical sciences Medulla Oblongata - cytology Medulla Oblongata - drug effects Microelectrodes Morphine - administration & dosage Morphine - pharmacology Neurons - drug effects Neurons - physiology Neuropharmacology Nociceptors - drug effects Pharmacology. Drug treatments Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley |
Title | The Effect of Spinal Analgesia on Visceral Nociceptive Neurons in Caudal Medulla of the Rat |
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