Causal inference from indirect experiments

• Published in: Artificial intelligence in medicine Vol. 7; no. 6; pp. 561 - 582
• Main Author: Pearl, Judea
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.12.1995
• Subjects: Causal reasoning; Graphical models; Humans; Models, Theoretical; Noncompliance; Patient Compliance; Persuasive Communication; Random Allocation; Research Design; Treatment evaluation; Treatment Outcome; Causal reasoning; Graphical models; Treatment evaluation; Noncompliance

An indirect experiment is a study in which randomized control is replaced by randomized encouragement, that is, subjects are encouraged, rather than forced, to receive a given treatment program. The purpose of this paper is to bring to the attention of experimental researchers simple mathematical re...