Can Text Messages Identify Suicide Risk in Real Time? A Within-Subjects Pilot Examination of Temporally Sensitive Markers of Suicide Risk
Objective tools to assess suicide risk are needed to determine when someone is at imminent risk. In this pilot laboratory investigation, we used a within-subjects design to identify patterns in text messaging (short message service) unique to high-risk periods preceding suicide attempts. Individuals...
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| Published in | Clinical psychological science Vol. 8; no. 4; pp. 704 - 722 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Los Angeles, CA
SAGE Publications
01.07.2020
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2167-7026 2167-7034 |
| DOI | 10.1177/2167702620906146 |
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| Abstract | Objective tools to assess suicide risk are needed to determine when someone is at imminent risk. In this pilot laboratory investigation, we used a within-subjects design to identify patterns in text messaging (short message service) unique to high-risk periods preceding suicide attempts. Individuals reporting a history of suicide attempt (N = 33) retrospectively identified past attempts and periods of lower risk (e.g., suicide ideation). Language analysis software scored 189,478 text messages to capture three psychological constructs: self-focus, sentiment, and social engagement. Mixed-effects models tested whether these constructs differed in general (means) and over time (slopes) 2 weeks before a suicide attempt relative to lower-risk periods. Regarding mean differences, no language features uniquely differentiated suicide attempts from other episodes. However, when examining patterns over time, anger increased and positive emotion decreased to a greater extent as participants approached a suicide attempt. Results suggest private electronic communication has the potential to provide real-time digital markers of suicide risk. |
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| AbstractList | Objective tools to assess suicide risk are needed to determine
someone is at imminent risk. This pilot laboratory investigation utilized a within-subjects design to identify patterns in text messaging (SMS) unique to high-risk periods preceding suicide attempts. Individuals reporting a history of suicide attempt (
=33) retrospectively identified past attempts and periods of lower risk (e.g., suicide ideation). Language analysis software scored 189,478 text messages to capture three psychological constructs: self-focus, sentiment, and social engagement. Mixed-effects models tested whether these constructs differed in general (means) and over time (slopes) two weeks before a suicide attempt, relative to lower-risk periods. Regarding mean differences, no language features uniquely differentiated suicide attempts from other episodes. However, when examining patterns
, anger increased and positive emotion decreased to a greater extent as one approached a suicide attempt. Results suggest private electronic communication has the potential to provide real-time digital markers of suicide risk. Objective tools to assess suicide risk are needed to determine when someone is at imminent risk. This pilot laboratory investigation utilized a within-subjects design to identify patterns in text messaging (SMS) unique to high-risk periods preceding suicide attempts. Individuals reporting a history of suicide attempt (N=33) retrospectively identified past attempts and periods of lower risk (e.g., suicide ideation). Language analysis software scored 189,478 text messages to capture three psychological constructs: self-focus, sentiment, and social engagement. Mixed-effects models tested whether these constructs differed in general (means) and over time (slopes) two weeks before a suicide attempt, relative to lower-risk periods. Regarding mean differences, no language features uniquely differentiated suicide attempts from other episodes. However, when examining patterns over time, anger increased and positive emotion decreased to a greater extent as one approached a suicide attempt. Results suggest private electronic communication has the potential to provide real-time digital markers of suicide risk.Objective tools to assess suicide risk are needed to determine when someone is at imminent risk. This pilot laboratory investigation utilized a within-subjects design to identify patterns in text messaging (SMS) unique to high-risk periods preceding suicide attempts. Individuals reporting a history of suicide attempt (N=33) retrospectively identified past attempts and periods of lower risk (e.g., suicide ideation). Language analysis software scored 189,478 text messages to capture three psychological constructs: self-focus, sentiment, and social engagement. Mixed-effects models tested whether these constructs differed in general (means) and over time (slopes) two weeks before a suicide attempt, relative to lower-risk periods. Regarding mean differences, no language features uniquely differentiated suicide attempts from other episodes. However, when examining patterns over time, anger increased and positive emotion decreased to a greater extent as one approached a suicide attempt. Results suggest private electronic communication has the potential to provide real-time digital markers of suicide risk. Objective tools to assess suicide risk are needed to determine when someone is at imminent risk. In this pilot laboratory investigation, we used a within-subjects design to identify patterns in text messaging (short message service) unique to high-risk periods preceding suicide attempts. Individuals reporting a history of suicide attempt (N = 33) retrospectively identified past attempts and periods of lower risk (e.g., suicide ideation). Language analysis software scored 189,478 text messages to capture three psychological constructs: self-focus, sentiment, and social engagement. Mixed-effects models tested whether these constructs differed in general (means) and over time (slopes) 2 weeks before a suicide attempt relative to lower-risk periods. Regarding mean differences, no language features uniquely differentiated suicide attempts from other episodes. However, when examining patterns over time, anger increased and positive emotion decreased to a greater extent as participants approached a suicide attempt. Results suggest private electronic communication has the potential to provide real-time digital markers of suicide risk. Objective tools to assess suicide risk are needed to determine when someone is at imminent risk. This pilot laboratory investigation utilized a within-subjects design to identify patterns in text messaging (SMS) unique to high-risk periods preceding suicide attempts. Individuals reporting a history of suicide attempt ( N =33) retrospectively identified past attempts and periods of lower risk (e.g., suicide ideation). Language analysis software scored 189,478 text messages to capture three psychological constructs: self-focus, sentiment, and social engagement. Mixed-effects models tested whether these constructs differed in general (means) and over time (slopes) two weeks before a suicide attempt, relative to lower-risk periods. Regarding mean differences, no language features uniquely differentiated suicide attempts from other episodes. However, when examining patterns over time , anger increased and positive emotion decreased to a greater extent as one approached a suicide attempt. Results suggest private electronic communication has the potential to provide real-time digital markers of suicide risk. |
| Author | Glenn, Jeffrey J. Barnes, Laura E. Teachman, Bethany A. Nobles, Alicia L. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System 4 University of California, San Diego 1 University of Virginia 3 VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (VISN 6 MIRECC) |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (VISN 6 MIRECC) – name: 1 University of Virginia – name: 2 Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System – name: 4 University of California, San Diego |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jeffrey J. orcidid: 0000-0003-0845-3963 surname: Glenn fullname: Glenn, Jeffrey J. email: jeff.glenn@duke.edu – sequence: 2 givenname: Alicia L. surname: Nobles fullname: Nobles, Alicia L. – sequence: 3 givenname: Laura E. surname: Barnes fullname: Barnes, Laura E. – sequence: 4 givenname: Bethany A. surname: Teachman fullname: Teachman, Bethany A. |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35692890$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | digital data open materials text mining digital phenotyping sentiment analysis suicide Digital Phenotyping Sentiment Analysis Text Mining Digital Data Suicide |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Authorship All authors contributed to the study concept and design. Recruitment and data collection were performed by J.J.G. A.L.N. and J.J.G. processed and formatted the data, and J.J.G. performed the data analysis under the supervision of B.A.T. J.J.G. drafted the manuscript, A.L.N. and L.E.B. provided critical revisions, and B.A.T. provided extensive revisions. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript for submission. |
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| Snippet | Objective tools to assess suicide risk are needed to determine when someone is at imminent risk. In this pilot laboratory investigation, we used a... Objective tools to assess suicide risk are needed to determine someone is at imminent risk. This pilot laboratory investigation utilized a within-subjects... Objective tools to assess suicide risk are needed to determine when someone is at imminent risk. This pilot laboratory investigation utilized a within-subjects... Objective tools to assess suicide risk are needed to determine when someone is at imminent risk. This pilot laboratory investigation utilized a within-subjects... |
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| Title | Can Text Messages Identify Suicide Risk in Real Time? A Within-Subjects Pilot Examination of Temporally Sensitive Markers of Suicide Risk |
| URI | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2167702620906146 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35692890 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2675985386 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9186807 |
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