Ryegrass host genetic control of concentrations of endophyte-derived alkaloids
Endophytic fungi in pasture grasses produce alkaloids which affect invertebrate and vertebrate herbivores. While the competence to produce an alkaloid is a property of the fungus, the host plant may moderate fungal activity. Host genetic influence on endophyte activity was studied in perennial ryegr...
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Published in | Crop science Vol. 42; no. 1; pp. 51 - 57 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Madison, WI
Crop Science Society of America
01.01.2002
American Society of Agronomy |
Subjects | |
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Abstract | Endophytic fungi in pasture grasses produce alkaloids which affect invertebrate and vertebrate herbivores. While the competence to produce an alkaloid is a property of the fungus, the host plant may moderate fungal activity. Host genetic influence on endophyte activity was studied in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) infected with a common strain of Neotyphodium lolii (Latch, Christensen & Samuels) Glenn, Bacon & Hanlin. Progeny seedling families of a partial diallel cross and their 12 parent clones were compared in a glasshouse experiment. Peramine and ergovaline concentrations were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and intensity of endophyte infection was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Concentrations of peramine and ergovaline and the amount of endophyte mycelium in plants varied between families, consistently across two glasshouse cells and (for the HPLC data) two harvests. There was no indication of any maternal effects. Host genetic control was evident in significant general combining ability effects and smaller specific combining ability effects. Parent-progeny correlation coefficients were high, and narrow-sense heritability was estimated as 0.70, 0.72, and 0.58 respectively for ergovaline, peramine, and ELISA. Further analysis indicated little interaction between loci, and no directional dominance. The three traits were correlated, indicating that 41 and 65% of the genetically controlled variation in ergovaline and peramine concentrations, respectively, was a function of mycelial mass. However, there were departures from these relationships. Host plant selection may enable development of pastures with controlled low levels of toxic but ecologically beneficial endophyte metabolites. |
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AbstractList | Endophytic fungi in pasture grasses produce alkaloids which affect invertebrate and vertebrate herbivores. While the competence to produce an alkaloid is a property of the fungus, the host plant may moderate fungal activity. Host genetic influence on endophyte activity was studied in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) infected with a common strain of Neotyphodium lolii (Latch, Christensen & Samuels) Glenn, Bacon & Hanlin. Progeny seedling families of a partial diallel cross and their 12 parent clones were compared in a glasshouse experiment. Peramine and ergovaline concentrations were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and intensity of endophyte infection was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Concentrations of peramine and ergovaline and the amount of endophyte mycelium in plants varied between families, consistently across two glasshouse cells and (for the HPLC data) two harvests. There was no indication of any maternal effects. Host genetic control was evident in significant general combining ability effects and smaller specific combining ability effects. Parent-progeny correlation coefficients were high, and narrow-sense heritability was estimated as 0.70, 0.72, and 0.58 respectively for ergovaline, peramine, and ELISA. Further analysis indicated little interaction between loci, and no directional dominance. The three traits were correlated, indicating that 41 and 65% of the genetically controlled variation in ergovaline and peramine concentrations, respectively, was a function of mycelial mass. However, there were departures from these relationships. Host plant selection may enable development of pastures with controlled low levels of toxic but ecologically beneficial endophyte metabolites. Endophytic fungi in pasture grasses produce alkaloids which affect invertebrate and vertebratge herbivores. While the competence to produce an alkaloid is a property of the fungus, the host plant may moderate fungal activity. |
Audience | Trade Academic |
Author | EASTON, H. S TAPPER, B. A BALL, O. J.-P LATCH, G. C. M |
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Keywords | Grassland Monocotyledones Production quality Ergopeptin Genetic determinism Fungi Alkaloid Regulation(control) Gramineae Angiospermae Dominant character Chemical concentration Fungi Imperfecti Intraspecific comparison Lolium perenne Greenhouse study Thallophyta Ergotamine derivatives Host agent relation Ecology Varietal selection Biological activity Infection Endophyte Poison Spermatophyta Fodder crop Mycelium |
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Snippet | Endophytic fungi in pasture grasses produce alkaloids which affect invertebrate and vertebrate herbivores. While the competence to produce an alkaloid is a... Endophytic fungi in pasture grasses produce alkaloids which affect invertebrate and vertebratge herbivores. While the competence to produce an alkaloid is a... |
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SubjectTerms | Agriculture Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions Alkaloids Biological and medical sciences Endophytes ergovaline Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Fungal diseases of plants Fungi Genetic aspects Genetics Genetics and breeding of economic plants Grasses Herbivores Lolium perenne Neotyphodium lolii Pasture peramine Varietal selection. Specialized plant breeding, plant breeding aims Yield, quality, earliness, varia |
Title | Ryegrass host genetic control of concentrations of endophyte-derived alkaloids |
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