Modifying elastic modulus of two-component polyurethane adhesive for structural hardwood bonding
Subject to this study is the modification of an experimental two-component polyurethane (2C PUR) as an alternative adhesive for structural hardwood bonding. The 2C PUR has been adapted by calcium carbonate as filler to increase its modulus of elasticity with the aim of increasing the modulus analogu...
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| Published in | Journal of wood science Vol. 66; no. 1; p. 69 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Singapore
Springer Singapore
01.12.2020
SpringerOpen |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Subject to this study is the modification of an experimental two-component polyurethane (2C PUR) as an alternative adhesive for structural hardwood bonding. The 2C PUR has been adapted by calcium carbonate as filler to increase its modulus of elasticity with the aim of increasing the modulus analogue to the ones typically observed for classic amino- and phenol based adhesives. The 2C PUR system was compared with a commercial one-component polyurethane (1C PUR) and a phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF) adhesive. The wetting properties of the adhesives were tested in terms of surface tension, polar and dispersive part and contact angle on European beech wood (
Fagus sylvatica
L.). In addition, adhesive polymer films of 2C PUR were tested for tensile strength and modulus of elasticity (E-Modulus) following ISO 527-1. The adhesives bond performance on beech wood was determined by lap-joints according to EN 302-1 in various climate conditions. The results show that 2C PUR has proper wettability properties on beech wood. Adding 60% wt filler to the polyol component increased the E-Modulus from 2.3 GPa (0%) to 4.4 GPa. The tensile strength of the modified 2C PUR polymer films was comparable with the industrial 1C PUR. Tensile shear strength and wood failure percentage of 2C PUR lap-joints were increased by adding filler and met requirements in dry and re-dried conditions according to EN 302-1. However, the addition of filler didn’t result in an improvement in wet conditions. The present study shows sufficient performance for bonding hardwood with 2C PUR in dry conditions, while the system still needs to be improvement regarding its performance in humid conditions. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Subject to this study is the modification of an experimental two-component polyurethane (2C PUR) as an alternative adhesive for structural hardwood bonding. The 2C PUR has been adapted by calcium carbonate as filler to increase its modulus of elasticity with the aim of increasing the modulus analogue to the ones typically observed for classic amino- and phenol based adhesives. The 2C PUR system was compared with a commercial one-component polyurethane (1C PUR) and a phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF) adhesive. The wetting properties of the adhesives were tested in terms of surface tension, polar and dispersive part and contact angle on European beech wood (
Fagus sylvatica
L.). In addition, adhesive polymer films of 2C PUR were tested for tensile strength and modulus of elasticity (E-Modulus) following ISO 527-1. The adhesives bond performance on beech wood was determined by lap-joints according to EN 302-1 in various climate conditions. The results show that 2C PUR has proper wettability properties on beech wood. Adding 60% wt filler to the polyol component increased the E-Modulus from 2.3 GPa (0%) to 4.4 GPa. The tensile strength of the modified 2C PUR polymer films was comparable with the industrial 1C PUR. Tensile shear strength and wood failure percentage of 2C PUR lap-joints were increased by adding filler and met requirements in dry and re-dried conditions according to EN 302-1. However, the addition of filler didn’t result in an improvement in wet conditions. The present study shows sufficient performance for bonding hardwood with 2C PUR in dry conditions, while the system still needs to be improvement regarding its performance in humid conditions. Subject to this study is the modification of an experimental two-component polyurethane (2C PUR) as an alternative adhesive for structural hardwood bonding. The 2C PUR has been adapted by calcium carbonate as filler to increase its modulus of elasticity with the aim of increasing the modulus analogue to the ones typically observed for classic amino- and phenol based adhesives. The 2C PUR system was compared with a commercial one-component polyurethane (1C PUR) and a phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF) adhesive. The wetting properties of the adhesives were tested in terms of surface tension, polar and dispersive part and contact angle on European beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.). In addition, adhesive polymer films of 2C PUR were tested for tensile strength and modulus of elasticity (E-Modulus) following ISO 527-1. The adhesives bond performance on beech wood was determined by lap-joints according to EN 302-1 in various climate conditions. The results show that 2C PUR has proper wettability properties on beech wood. Adding 60% wt filler to the polyol component increased the E-Modulus from 2.3 GPa (0%) to 4.4 GPa. The tensile strength of the modified 2C PUR polymer films was comparable with the industrial 1C PUR. Tensile shear strength and wood failure percentage of 2C PUR lap-joints were increased by adding filler and met requirements in dry and re-dried conditions according to EN 302-1. However, the addition of filler didn’t result in an improvement in wet conditions. The present study shows sufficient performance for bonding hardwood with 2C PUR in dry conditions, while the system still needs to be improvement regarding its performance in humid conditions. Abstract Subject to this study is the modification of an experimental two-component polyurethane (2C PUR) as an alternative adhesive for structural hardwood bonding. The 2C PUR has been adapted by calcium carbonate as filler to increase its modulus of elasticity with the aim of increasing the modulus analogue to the ones typically observed for classic amino- and phenol based adhesives. The 2C PUR system was compared with a commercial one-component polyurethane (1C PUR) and a phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF) adhesive. The wetting properties of the adhesives were tested in terms of surface tension, polar and dispersive part and contact angle on European beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.). In addition, adhesive polymer films of 2C PUR were tested for tensile strength and modulus of elasticity (E-Modulus) following ISO 527-1. The adhesives bond performance on beech wood was determined by lap-joints according to EN 302-1 in various climate conditions. The results show that 2C PUR has proper wettability properties on beech wood. Adding 60% wt filler to the polyol component increased the E-Modulus from 2.3 GPa (0%) to 4.4 GPa. The tensile strength of the modified 2C PUR polymer films was comparable with the industrial 1C PUR. Tensile shear strength and wood failure percentage of 2C PUR lap-joints were increased by adding filler and met requirements in dry and re-dried conditions according to EN 302-1. However, the addition of filler didn’t result in an improvement in wet conditions. The present study shows sufficient performance for bonding hardwood with 2C PUR in dry conditions, while the system still needs to be improvement regarding its performance in humid conditions. |
| ArticleNumber | 69 |
| Author | Bockel, S. Hogger, E. Konnerth, J. Weiland, G. Pichelin, F. Harling, S. Niemz, P. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: S. surname: Bockel fullname: Bockel, S. organization: Bern University of Applied Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences – sequence: 2 givenname: S. surname: Harling fullname: Harling, S. organization: Collano AG – sequence: 3 givenname: J. orcidid: 0000-0003-3826-8566 surname: Konnerth fullname: Konnerth, J. email: johannes.konnerth@boku.ac.at organization: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences – sequence: 4 givenname: P. surname: Niemz fullname: Niemz, P. organization: Bern University of Applied Sciences – sequence: 5 givenname: G. surname: Weiland fullname: Weiland, G. organization: Collano AG – sequence: 6 givenname: E. surname: Hogger fullname: Hogger, E. organization: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences – sequence: 7 givenname: F. surname: Pichelin fullname: Pichelin, F. organization: Bern University of Applied Sciences |
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Part 2: effects of adhesive penetration on strain distributionHolzforschung2005593073101:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXlsFemtrg%3D10.1515/HF.2005.051 YangXFrazierCEInfluence of organic fillers on surface tension of phenol-formaldehyde adhesivesInt J Adhes Adhes2016661601661:CAS:528:DC%2BC28Xhtl2jt7o%3D10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2016.01.004 German Institute for Standardization, DIN 55660-2:2011-12 (2011) Paints and varnishes—wettability—part 2: determination of free surface energy of solid surfaces by measuring the contact angle ClaußSGabrielJKarbachAMatnerMNiemzPInfluence of adhesive formulation on the mechanical properties and bonding performance if polyurethane prepolymersHolzforschung20116583584410.1515/HF.2011.095 European Committee for Standardization, EN 15425:2017-05 (2017) Adhesives—one component polyurethane (PUR) for load-bearing timber structures—classification and performance requirements 1917_CR22 1917_CR23 D Owens (1917_CR20) 1969; 13 K Umemura (1917_CR15) 2002; 48 C Lehringer (1917_CR2) 2014 M Derikvand (1917_CR8) 2014; 25 S Clauß (1917_CR14) 2011; 45 NM Yusof (1917_CR12) 2019; 20 J Follrich (1917_CR5) 2010; 56 S Clauß (1917_CR34) 2011; 65 S Bockel (1917_CR9) 2018; 94 S Bockel (1917_CR10) 2019; 91 L Luedtke (1917_CR6) 2015; 73 G Clerc (1917_CR4) 2018; 85 X Yang (1917_CR26) 2016; 66 J Konnerth (1917_CR30) 2006; 102 M Obersriebnig (1917_CR32) 2013; 40 1917_CR7 L Domka (1917_CR33) 1994; 272 M Stehr (1917_CR29) 2001; 76 W Gindl (1917_CR31) 2005; 59 M Dunky (1917_CR1) 2002 SQ Shi (1917_CR28) 2001; 33 1917_CR35 1917_CR17 G Habenicht (1917_CR27) 2009 1917_CR18 1917_CR19 M Gindl (1917_CR25) 2004; 62 S Clauß (1917_CR16) 2011; 31 F Stöckel (1917_CR13) 2013; 45 O Kläusler (1917_CR24) 2013; 44 A Kägi (1917_CR3) 2006; 64 1917_CR21 J Konnerth (1917_CR11) 2016; 74 |
| References_xml | – reference: ClaußSDikstraDJGabrielJKläuslerOMatnerMMeckelWNiemzPInfluence of the chemical structure of PUR prepolymers on thermal stabilityInt J Adhes Adhes20113151352310.1016/j.ijadhadh.2011.05.005 – reference: German Institute for Standardization, DIN 55660-3:2011 (2011) Paints and varnishes—wettability—part 3: determination of the surface tension of liquids using the pendant drop method – reference: GindlMReitererASinnGStanzl-TscheggSEffects of surface ageing on wettability, surface chemistry, and adhesion of woodHolz Roh Werkst2004622732801:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmtFOhtb8%3D10.1007/s00107-004-0471-4 – reference: KonnerthJJägerAEberhardsteinerJMüllerUGindlWElastic properties of adhesive polymers. II. 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| Snippet | Subject to this study is the modification of an experimental two-component polyurethane (2C PUR) as an alternative adhesive for structural hardwood bonding.... Subject to this study is the modification of an experimental two-component polyurethane (2C PUR) as an alternative adhesive for structural hardwood bonding.... Abstract Subject to this study is the modification of an experimental two-component polyurethane (2C PUR) as an alternative adhesive for structural hardwood... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adhesives for wood Biomedical and Life Sciences calcium carbonate Characterization and Evaluation of Materials contact angle Contact angles Fagus sylvatica subsp. sylvatica formaldehyde Hardwood Lap-joint Life Sciences Materials Science modulus of elasticity Original Article phenol polyols Polyurethane polyurethanes resorcinol shear strength surface tension tensile strength wettability Wood Science & Technology |
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| Title | Modifying elastic modulus of two-component polyurethane adhesive for structural hardwood bonding |
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