Anti-irritants I: dose-response in acute irritation
The term ‘anti‐irritant’ (AI) was coined in 1965 by Goldemberg to describe a diverse group of topical product ingredients, which were able to reduce the irritation potential of other more irritating ingredients in the same product. ‘AIs’ are being added to cosmetic formulations in order, allegedly,...
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| Published in | Contact dermatitis Vol. 55; no. 3; pp. 148 - 154 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford, UK
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.09.2006
Blackwell |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | The term ‘anti‐irritant’ (AI) was coined in 1965 by Goldemberg to describe a diverse group of topical product ingredients, which were able to reduce the irritation potential of other more irritating ingredients in the same product. ‘AIs’ are being added to cosmetic formulations in order, allegedly, to benefit tolerability of the products and allow claims such as ‘soothing’ and ‘healing’ ingredients. Limited documentation in favour of the efficacy of AIs is published. We studied the dose‐related effect of 4 alleged AIs (nifedipine, (–)‐α‐bisabolol, canola oil and glycerol) on experimentally induced acute irritation in healthy volunteers. Each AI was used in 3 concentrations. Acute irritation was induced by occlusive tests with 1% sodium lauryl sulfate and 20% nonanoic acid in N‐propanol. The irritant reactions were treated twice daily with AI‐containing formulations from the time of removal of the patches. Evaluation of skin irritation and efficacy of treatments were performed daily for 4 days using clinical scoring, evaporimetry (transepidermal water loss), hydration measurement and colourimetry. Only glycerol showed dose–response and effects potentially better than no treatment. There was no significant effect and no difference between the three other AIs. |
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| AbstractList | The term 'anti-irritant' (AI) was coined in 1965 by Goldemberg to describe a diverse group of topical product ingredients, which were able to reduce the irritation potential of other more irritating ingredients in the same product. 'AIs' are being added to cosmetic formulations in order, allegedly, to benefit tolerability of the products and allow claims such as 'soothing' and 'healing' ingredients. Limited documentation in favour of the efficacy of AIs is published. We studied the dose-related effect of 4 alleged AIs (nifedipine, (-)-alpha-bisabolol, canola oil and glycerol) on experimentally induced acute irritation in healthy volunteers. Each AI was used in 3 concentrations. Acute irritation was induced by occlusive tests with 1% sodium lauryl sulfate and 20% nonanoic acid in N-propanol. The irritant reactions were treated twice daily with AI-containing formulations from the time of removal of the patches. Evaluation of skin irritation and efficacy of treatments were performed daily for 4 days using clinical scoring, evaporimetry (transepidermal water loss), hydration measurement and colourimetry. Only glycerol showed dose-response and effects potentially better than no treatment. There was no significant effect and no difference between the three other AIs. The term ‘anti‐irritant’ (AI) was coined in 1965 by Goldemberg to describe a diverse group of topical product ingredients, which were able to reduce the irritation potential of other more irritating ingredients in the same product. ‘AIs’ are being added to cosmetic formulations in order, allegedly, to benefit tolerability of the products and allow claims such as ‘soothing’ and ‘healing’ ingredients. Limited documentation in favour of the efficacy of AIs is published. We studied the dose‐related effect of 4 alleged AIs (nifedipine, (–)‐α‐bisabolol, canola oil and glycerol) on experimentally induced acute irritation in healthy volunteers. Each AI was used in 3 concentrations. Acute irritation was induced by occlusive tests with 1% sodium lauryl sulfate and 20% nonanoic acid in N ‐propanol. The irritant reactions were treated twice daily with AI‐containing formulations from the time of removal of the patches. Evaluation of skin irritation and efficacy of treatments were performed daily for 4 days using clinical scoring, evaporimetry (transepidermal water loss), hydration measurement and colourimetry. Only glycerol showed dose–response and effects potentially better than no treatment. There was no significant effect and no difference between the three other AIs. The term ‘anti‐irritant’ (AI) was coined in 1965 by Goldemberg to describe a diverse group of topical product ingredients, which were able to reduce the irritation potential of other more irritating ingredients in the same product. ‘AIs’ are being added to cosmetic formulations in order, allegedly, to benefit tolerability of the products and allow claims such as ‘soothing’ and ‘healing’ ingredients. Limited documentation in favour of the efficacy of AIs is published. We studied the dose‐related effect of 4 alleged AIs (nifedipine, (–)‐α‐bisabolol, canola oil and glycerol) on experimentally induced acute irritation in healthy volunteers. Each AI was used in 3 concentrations. Acute irritation was induced by occlusive tests with 1% sodium lauryl sulfate and 20% nonanoic acid in N‐propanol. The irritant reactions were treated twice daily with AI‐containing formulations from the time of removal of the patches. Evaluation of skin irritation and efficacy of treatments were performed daily for 4 days using clinical scoring, evaporimetry (transepidermal water loss), hydration measurement and colourimetry. Only glycerol showed dose–response and effects potentially better than no treatment. There was no significant effect and no difference between the three other AIs. |
| Author | Petersen, Thomas Kongstad Hedegaard, Kathryn Andersen, Klaus Ejner Fullerton, Ann Andersen, Flemming Bindslev-Jensen, Carsten |
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| Keywords | Cosmetic Skin disease Toxicity Calcium antagonist skin care formulations 24-h occlusive test Dose activity relation Dihydropyridine derivatives canola oil skin irritation Irritation Human sodium lauryl sulfate Acute Glycerol nonanoic acid Antiarrhythmic agent Lauryl sulfate Nifedipine Rapeseed oil In vivo Treatment anti-irritant Skin bisabolol |
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(e_1_2_6_2_2) 1965; 16 e_1_2_6_34_2 Brown H (e_1_2_6_37_2) 1999 e_1_2_6_10_2 Olsen L O (e_1_2_6_17_2) 1993; 73 e_1_2_6_33_2 e_1_2_6_11_2 e_1_2_6_16_2 Mattai J (e_1_2_6_13_2) 1993; 44 e_1_2_6_38_2 Hochberg Y (e_1_2_6_40_2) 1987 Mörsdorf K (e_1_2_6_43_2) 1971; 192 e_1_2_6_14_2 e_1_2_6_36_2 e_1_2_6_42_2 Goldemberg R L (e_1_2_6_5_2) 1979; 30 e_1_2_6_41_2 Andersen F (e_1_2_6_6_2) Goldemberg R. (e_1_2_6_3_2) 1995; 156 e_1_2_6_8_2 Froebe C L (e_1_2_6_12_2) 1990; 41 e_1_2_6_9_2 e_1_2_6_4_2 e_1_2_6_24_2 e_1_2_6_23_2 Bissett D L (e_1_2_6_15_2) 1984; 35 e_1_2_6_22_2 e_1_2_6_21_2 e_1_2_6_28_2 e_1_2_6_27_2 e_1_2_6_44_2 e_1_2_6_26_2 e_1_2_6_25_2 |
| References_xml | – volume: 35 start-page: 125 year: 1979 end-page: 140 article-title: Pharmakologische untersuchungen von Kamillen‐Inhaltsstoffen II. Neue untersuchungen zur antiphlogistischen wirkung des (‐)‐α‐bisabolols und der bisabololoxide publication-title: Planta Med – volume: 54 start-page: 681 year: 1992 end-page: 685 article-title: Evidence that the antiproliferative effect of verapamil on afferent and efferent immune responses is independent of calcium channel inhibition publication-title: Transplantation – volume: 35 start-page: 1 year: 1996 end-page: 10 article-title: Guidelines for measurement of skin colour and erythema. 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| Snippet | The term ‘anti‐irritant’ (AI) was coined in 1965 by Goldemberg to describe a diverse group of topical product ingredients, which were able to reduce the... The term 'anti-irritant' (AI) was coined in 1965 by Goldemberg to describe a diverse group of topical product ingredients, which were able to reduce the... |
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| SubjectTerms | 24-h occlusive test Acute Disease Administration, Cutaneous Adult Allergic diseases anti-irritant Biological and medical sciences bisabolol Canola Oil Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Dermatitis, Irritant - drug therapy Dermatitis, Irritant - pathology Domestic and cosmetic products toxicology Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Double-Blind Method Fatty Acids Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated - administration & dosage Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated - therapeutic use Female glycerol Glycerol - administration & dosage Glycerol - therapeutic use Humans Immunopathology in vivo Irritants Male Medical sciences nifedipine Nifedipine - administration & dosage Nifedipine - therapeutic use nonanoic acid Reference Values Sesquiterpenes - administration & dosage Sesquiterpenes - therapeutic use Skin allergic diseases. Stinging insect allergies skin care formulations skin irritation Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate sodium lauryl sulfate Surface-Active Agents - administration & dosage Surface-Active Agents - therapeutic use Toxicology Water Loss, Insensible - drug effects |
| Title | Anti-irritants I: dose-response in acute irritation |
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