Identification of functional groups and determination of carboxyl formation temperature in graphene oxide using the XPS O 1s spectrum
Experimental information on the O 1s spectra of GO by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry is limited and this will prove to be a liability when analyzing samples that have high carbon to oxygen ratios. Here, the binding energy (B.E.) information of electrons from the O 1s orbital of oxygen atoms in dif...
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| Published in | Thin solid films Vol. 590; pp. 40 - 48 |
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| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier B.V
01.09.2015
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Experimental information on the O 1s spectra of GO by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry is limited and this will prove to be a liability when analyzing samples that have high carbon to oxygen ratios. Here, the binding energy (B.E.) information of electrons from the O 1s orbital of oxygen atoms in different functional groups were identified by characterizing GO in an in-situ heating and characterization experiment, performed in a vacuum between 473 and 573K, and chemically modified GO. The B.E.s of the O 1s electrons in hydroxyls, epoxides, carbonyls and carboxyls on GO were determined and carboxyl formation on GO was found to occur between 543 and 561K. Here, carboxyl formation is a decrease in the proportion of oxygen atoms bound to GO as hydroxyls and epoxides groups, accompanied by a greater than proportional increase in the proportion of oxygen atoms bound as carboxyls, and this results in the formation of vacancies on the graphene basal plane.
•Identification of functional groups in graphene oxide from O 1s spectra•Identification of carboxylation temperature regime in graphene oxide•Verification of the functional groups by chemical modification of GO |
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| AbstractList | Experimental information on the O 1s spectra of GO by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry is limited and this will prove to be a liability when analyzing samples that have high carbon to oxygen ratios. Here, the binding energy (B.E.) information of electrons from the O 1s orbital of oxygen atoms in different functional groups were identified by characterizing GO in an in-situ heating and characterization experiment, performed in a vacuum between 473 and 573K, and chemically modified GO. The B.E.s of the O 1s electrons in hydroxyls, epoxides, carbonyls and carboxyls on GO were determined and carboxyl formation on GO was found to occur between 543 and 561K. Here, carboxyl formation is a decrease in the proportion of oxygen atoms bound to GO as hydroxyls and epoxides groups, accompanied by a greater than proportional increase in the proportion of oxygen atoms bound as carboxyls, and this results in the formation of vacancies on the graphene basal plane. Experimental information on the O 1s spectra of GO by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry is limited and this will prove to be a liability when analyzing samples that have high carbon to oxygen ratios. Here, the binding energy (B.E.) information of electrons from the O 1s orbital of oxygen atoms in different functional groups were identified by characterizing GO in an in-situ heating and characterization experiment, performed in a vacuum between 473 and 573K, and chemically modified GO. The B.E.s of the O 1s electrons in hydroxyls, epoxides, carbonyls and carboxyls on GO were determined and carboxyl formation on GO was found to occur between 543 and 561K. Here, carboxyl formation is a decrease in the proportion of oxygen atoms bound to GO as hydroxyls and epoxides groups, accompanied by a greater than proportional increase in the proportion of oxygen atoms bound as carboxyls, and this results in the formation of vacancies on the graphene basal plane. •Identification of functional groups in graphene oxide from O 1s spectra•Identification of carboxylation temperature regime in graphene oxide•Verification of the functional groups by chemical modification of GO |
| Author | Ng, Ging Meng Kwan, Yue Chau Garen Huan, Cheng Hon Alfred |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yue Chau Garen orcidid: 0000-0002-9546-3053 surname: Kwan fullname: Kwan, Yue Chau Garen email: kwanyuechau@gmail.com organization: Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore – sequence: 2 givenname: Ging Meng surname: Ng fullname: Ng, Ging Meng email: gingmeng.ng@sg.bosch.com organization: Research and Technology Center 1 (Asia Pacific), Corporate Research, Robert Bosch (SEA) Pte Ltd, 11 Bishan Street 21, Singapore 573943, Singapore – sequence: 3 givenname: Cheng Hon Alfred surname: Huan fullname: Huan, Cheng Hon Alfred email: alfred@ntu.edu.sg organization: Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore |
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| Snippet | Experimental information on the O 1s spectra of GO by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry is limited and this will prove to be a liability when analyzing samples... |
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| SubjectTerms | Carbon Carboxylation on graphene oxide Formations Functional group identification Functional groups Graphene Graphene oxide Heating O 1s spectra of graphene oxide Orbitals Oxygen atoms Thermal annealing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy |
| Title | Identification of functional groups and determination of carboxyl formation temperature in graphene oxide using the XPS O 1s spectrum |
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