The toxic effects of copper on larvae of the barnacle species Chthamalus challengeri

• Published in: Chinese journal of oceanology and limnology Vol. 33; no. 2; pp. 400 - 409
• Main Author: 齐磊磊 王影 沙婧婧 王悠 唐学玺
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 01.03.2015; Science Press; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Abiotic stress; Ammonia; antifouling agents; Antifouling coatings; Antifouling substances; Aquatic life; Biological settlement; Biology; Chthamalus challengeri; Copper; Cypris; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Excretion; Larvae; Larval stage; Marine biology; Marine crustaceans; Marine environment; Marine organisms; Marine pollution; Molting; monitoring; mortality; Mortality causes; Moulting; nauplii; Oceanography; paints; Phototaxis; Pollution; Pollution index; Pollution monitoring; Toxicity; Toxicity tests; 幼虫; 无节幼体; 毒性作用; 污染监测; 潜在威胁; 物种; 藤壶; 铜浓度; copper; larval stage; sensitivity; pollution monitoring
• DOI: 10.1007/s00343-015-4158-y
• ISSN: 0254-4059; 2096-5508

With the increased use of copper （Cu）-based antifouling （AF） paints, copper has become a potential threat to marine organisms. Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of copper on larvae of the barnacle Chthamalus challengeri. These experiments attempted to identify a more sensitive index to monitor copper pollution in marine environments. The 24 h LC_50 ranged from 156.07 μg/L （nauplius Ⅱ） to 817.15μg/L （cypris） and the no observed effect concentration （NOEC） ranged from 81.75 μg/L （nauplius Ⅱ） to 571.04 μg/L （cypris）. The cypris settlement rate declined significantly when copper concentrations 〉135 μg/L. No cypris was found in the copper concentration of 60 and 75 μg/L treatment groups stressed for 22 d. Nauplius Ⅱ moulting was not affected by exposure to copper for 24 h; however, when extended to 48 h, the percent moulted in 75 μg/L treatment group was declined to 37.12%, which was significant lower （P〈0.05） than that in the control group. The phototaxis of nauplius II decreased significantly when copper concentrations _〉45 μg/L. Despite an initial significant increase at copper concentrations of 30 μg/L, ammonia excretion rate decreased when copper concentrations ≥60 μg/L. These results suggested that： （1） nauplius Ⅱ could not develop to the cypris when the copper concentration ≥60 μg/L; （2） cypris settlement is more susceptible to copper than cypris mortality rate; （3） nauplius II is the most sensitive larval stage; （4） nauplius II ammonia excretion rate is the most sensitive index to copper and might be as the indicator for copper pollution monitoring.