Diet and prey availability of terrestrial insectivorous birds prone to extinction in amazonian forest fragments
This study compared niche breath, prey size, and diet variability in two pairs of sympatric species of terrestrial insectivorous birds, each pair containing one species that can persist in small forest fragments and one that does not. The pairs were Myrmeciza ferruginea and Sclerurus rufigularis; an...
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Published in | Brazilian archives of biology and technology Vol. 53; no. 6; pp. 1371 - 1381 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Tecpar
01.12.2010
Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná (Tecpar) |
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Abstract | This study compared niche breath, prey size, and diet variability in two pairs of sympatric species of terrestrial insectivorous birds, each pair containing one species that can persist in small forest fragments and one that does not. The pairs were Myrmeciza ferruginea and Sclerurus rufigularis; and Formicarius colma and F. analis, respectively. The prey availability in forest fragments was also sampled and compared to the availability in continuous forests. Niche breath indices did not differ between pair members, but diet variability differed in the opposite direction from that hypothesized. Although the two bird species most vulnerable to fragmentation fed on larger prey than less vulnerable species, prey availability, including that based on prey size did not differ among fragmented versus continuous forest sites. Thus, diet per se appeared not to be an important cause of extinction-proneness in these species. The simplest explanation proposed, that vulnerability to fragmentation was directly related to territory size, requires testing. However, it was consistent with observations that the bird species feeding on larger prey also need larger territories.
Dieta e disponibilidade de presas de aves insetívoras terrestres em fragmentos florestais amazônicos. As aves insetívoras terrestres são um dos grupos mais vulneráveis à fragmentação de florestas tropicais; no entanto algumas espécies desta guilda ainda sobrevivem em fragmentos florestais e em florestas secundárias. Se a sensibilidade destas aves à fragmentação de florestas estivesse associada à dieta, então espécies com a dieta relativamente flexível teriam maior propensão em persistir nos fragmentos florestais. Este estudo comparou sobreposição trófica, amplitude de nicho, tamanho de presas e variabilidade de dieta de dois pares de espécies de aves insetívoras terrestres, onde cada par foi composto por uma espécie que persiste nos fragmentos e outra que não: Myrmeciza ferruginea e Sclerurus rufigularis; Formicarius colma e Formicarius analis, respectivamente. A disponibilidade de presas foi também amostrada e comparada entre os fragmentos florestais e a floresta contínua. Os índices de amplitude de nicho não foram significativamente diferentes entre membros dos pares, e a variabilidade de dieta diferiu no sentido oposto aquele previsto. Embora as espécies mais vulneráveis tenham consumido presas maiores que as espécies mais resistentes, a disponibilidade de presas não diferiu significativamente entre os fragmentos e a floresta contínua. Assim, pode ser concluído que dieta não é o principal determinante na extinção destas espécies nos pequenos fragmentos florestais. A mais simples explicação proposta, de que vulnerabilidade à fragmentação é diretamente relacionada ao tamanho do território, requer testes. No entanto, a probabilidade de que estas aves precisem de territórios maiores por que predam invertebrados maiores é consistente com observações não publicadas feitas nas áreas de estudo. |
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AbstractList | This study compared niche breath, prey size, and diet variability in two pairs of sympatric species of terrestrial insectivorous birds, each pair containing one species that can persist in small forest fragments and one that does not. The pairs were Myrmeciza ferruginea and Sclerurus rufigularis; and Formicarius colma and F. analis, respectively. The prey availability in forest fragments was also sampled and compared to the availability in continuous forests. Niche breath indices did not differ between pair members, but diet variability differed in the opposite direction from that hypothesized. Although the two bird species most vulnerable to fragmentation fed on larger prey than less vulnerable species, prey availability, including that based on prey size did not differ among fragmented versus continuous forest sites. Thus, diet per se appeared not to be an important cause of extinction-proneness in these species. The simplest explanation proposed, that vulnerability to fragmentation was directly related to territory size, requires testing. However, it was consistent with observations that the bird species feeding on larger prey also need larger territories.
Dieta e disponibilidade de presas de aves insetívoras terrestres em fragmentos florestais amazônicos. As aves insetívoras terrestres são um dos grupos mais vulneráveis à fragmentação de florestas tropicais; no entanto algumas espécies desta guilda ainda sobrevivem em fragmentos florestais e em florestas secundárias. Se a sensibilidade destas aves à fragmentação de florestas estivesse associada à dieta, então espécies com a dieta relativamente flexível teriam maior propensão em persistir nos fragmentos florestais. Este estudo comparou sobreposição trófica, amplitude de nicho, tamanho de presas e variabilidade de dieta de dois pares de espécies de aves insetívoras terrestres, onde cada par foi composto por uma espécie que persiste nos fragmentos e outra que não: Myrmeciza ferruginea e Sclerurus rufigularis; Formicarius colma e Formicarius analis, respectivamente. A disponibilidade de presas foi também amostrada e comparada entre os fragmentos florestais e a floresta contínua. Os índices de amplitude de nicho não foram significativamente diferentes entre membros dos pares, e a variabilidade de dieta diferiu no sentido oposto aquele previsto. Embora as espécies mais vulneráveis tenham consumido presas maiores que as espécies mais resistentes, a disponibilidade de presas não diferiu significativamente entre os fragmentos e a floresta contínua. Assim, pode ser concluído que dieta não é o principal determinante na extinção destas espécies nos pequenos fragmentos florestais. A mais simples explicação proposta, de que vulnerabilidade à fragmentação é diretamente relacionada ao tamanho do território, requer testes. No entanto, a probabilidade de que estas aves precisem de territórios maiores por que predam invertebrados maiores é consistente com observações não publicadas feitas nas áreas de estudo. This study compared niche breath, prey size, and diet variability in two pairs of sympatric species of terrestrial insectivorous birds, each pair containing one species that can persist in small forest fragments and one that does not. The pairs were Myrmeciza ferruginea and Sclerurus rufigularis; and Formicarius colma and F. analis, respectively. The prey availability in forest fragments was also sampled and compared to the availability in continuous forests. Niche breath indices did not differ between pair members, but diet variability differed in the opposite direction from that hypothesized. Although the two bird species most vulnerable to fragmentation fed on larger prey than less vulnerable species, prey availability, including that based on prey size did not differ among fragmented versus continuous forest sites. Thus, diet per se appeared not to be an important cause of extinction-proneness in these species. The simplest explanation proposed, that vulnerability to fragmentation was directly related to territory size, requires testing. However, it was consistent with observations that the bird species feeding on larger prey also need larger territories.Dieta e disponibilidade de presas de aves insetívoras terrestres em fragmentos florestais amazônicos. As aves insetívoras terrestres são um dos grupos mais vulneráveis à fragmentação de florestas tropicais; no entanto algumas espécies desta guilda ainda sobrevivem em fragmentos florestais e em florestas secundárias. Se a sensibilidade destas aves à fragmentação de florestas estivesse associada à dieta, então espécies com a dieta relativamente flexível teriam maior propensão em persistir nos fragmentos florestais. Este estudo comparou sobreposição trófica, amplitude de nicho, tamanho de presas e variabilidade de dieta de dois pares de espécies de aves insetívoras terrestres, onde cada par foi composto por uma espécie que persiste nos fragmentos e outra que não: Myrmeciza ferruginea e Sclerurus rufigularis; Formicarius colma e Formicarius analis, respectivamente. A disponibilidade de presas foi também amostrada e comparada entre os fragmentos florestais e a floresta contínua. Os índices de amplitude de nicho não foram significativamente diferentes entre membros dos pares, e a variabilidade de dieta diferiu no sentido oposto aquele previsto. Embora as espécies mais vulneráveis tenham consumido presas maiores que as espécies mais resistentes, a disponibilidade de presas não diferiu significativamente entre os fragmentos e a floresta contínua. Assim, pode ser concluído que dieta não é o principal determinante na extinção destas espécies nos pequenos fragmentos florestais. A mais simples explicação proposta, de que vulnerabilidade à fragmentação é diretamente relacionada ao tamanho do território, requer testes. No entanto, a probabilidade de que estas aves precisem de territórios maiores por que predam invertebrados maiores é consistente com observações não publicadas feitas nas áreas de estudo. |
Author | Cohn-Haft, Mario(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia) Dias, Manoel Martins(Universidade Federal de São Carlos Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva) Mestre, Luiz Augusto Macedo(South Dakota State University Geographic Information Science Center of Excellence ,Universidade Federal de São Carlos Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva ,Universidade Federal do Paraná) |
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SubjectTerms | Amazonian forests Bird diet Forest fragmentation Formicarius analis Formicarius colma Insectivores Myrmeciza ferruginea Sclerurus rufigularis |
Title | Diet and prey availability of terrestrial insectivorous birds prone to extinction in amazonian forest fragments |
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