Review of Aerosol–Cloud Interactions: Mechanisms, Significance, and Challenges
Over the past decade, the number of studies that investigate aerosol–cloud interactions has increased considerably. Although tremendous progress has been made to improve the understanding of basic physical mechanisms of aerosol–cloud interactions and reduce their uncertainties in climate forcing, th...
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| Published in | Journal of the atmospheric sciences Vol. 73; no. 11; pp. 4221 - 4252 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Boston
American Meteorological Society
01.11.2016
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Over the past decade, the number of studies that investigate aerosol–cloud interactions has increased considerably. Although tremendous progress has been made to improve the understanding of basic physical mechanisms of aerosol–cloud interactions and reduce their uncertainties in climate forcing, there is still poor understanding of 1) some of the mechanisms that interact with each other over multiple spatial and temporal scales, 2) the feedbacks between microphysical and dynamical processes and between local-scale processes and large-scale circulations, and 3) the significance of cloud–aerosol interactions on weather systems as well as regional and global climate. This review focuses on recent theoretical studies and important mechanisms on aerosol–cloud interactions and discusses the significances of aerosol impacts on radiative forcing and precipitation extremes associated with different cloud systems. The authors summarize the main obstacles preventing the science from making a leap—for example, the lack of concurrent profile measurements of cloud dynamics, microphysics, and aerosols over a wide region on the observation side and the large variability of cloud microphysics parameterizations resulting in a large spread of modeling results on the modeling side. Therefore, large efforts are needed to escalate understanding. Future directions should focus on obtaining concurrent measurements of aerosol properties and cloud microphysical and dynamic properties over a range of temporal and spatial scales collected over typical climate regimes and closure studies, as well as improving understanding and parameterizations of cloud microphysics such as ice nucleation, mixed-phase properties, and hydrometeor size and fall speed. |
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| AbstractList | Over the past decade, the number of studies that investigate aerosol-cloud interactions has increased considerably. Although tremendous progress has been made to improve our understanding of basic physical mechanisms of aerosol-cloud interactions and reduce their uncertainties in climate forcing, we are still in poor understanding of (1) some of the mechanisms that interact with each other over multiple spatial and temporal scales, (2) the feedback between microphysical and dynamical processes and between local-scale processes and large-scale circulations, and (3) the significance of cloud-aerosol interactions on weather systems as well as regional and global climate. This review focuses on recent theoretical studies and important mechanisms on aerosol-cloud interactions, and discusses the significances of aerosol impacts on raditative forcing and precipitation extremes associated with different cloud systems. Despite significant understanding has been gained about aerosol impacts on the main cloud types, there are still many unknowns especially associated with various deep convective systems. Therefore, large efforts are needed to escalate our understanding. Future directions should focus on obtaining concurrent measurements of aerosol properties, cloud microphysical and dynamic properties over a range of temporal and spatial scales collected over typical climate regimes and closure studies, as well as improving understanding and parameterizations of cloud microphysics such as ice nucleation, mixed-phase properties, and hydrometeor size and fall speed Over the past decade, the number of studies that investigate aerosol–cloud interactions has increased considerably. Although tremendous progress has been made to improve the understanding of basic physical mechanisms of aerosol–cloud interactions and reduce their uncertainties in climate forcing, there is still poor understanding of 1) some of the mechanisms that interact with each other over multiple spatial and temporal scales, 2) the feedbacks between microphysical and dynamical processes and between local-scale processes and large-scale circulations, and 3) the significance of cloud–aerosol interactions on weather systems as well as regional and global climate. This review focuses on recent theoretical studies and important mechanisms on aerosol–cloud interactions and discusses the significances of aerosol impacts on radiative forcing and precipitation extremes associated with different cloud systems. The authors summarize the main obstacles preventing the science from making a leap—for example, the lack of concurrent profile measurements of cloud dynamics, microphysics, and aerosols over a wide region on the observation side and the large variability of cloud microphysics parameterizations resulting in a large spread of modeling results on the modeling side. Therefore, large efforts are needed to escalate understanding. Future directions should focus on obtaining concurrent measurements of aerosol properties and cloud microphysical and dynamic properties over a range of temporal and spatial scales collected over typical climate regimes and closure studies, as well as improving understanding and parameterizations of cloud microphysics such as ice nucleation, mixed-phase properties, and hydrometeor size and fall speed. |
| Author | Wang, Yuan Liu, Xiaohong Rosenfeld, Daniel Fan, Jiwen |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jiwen surname: Fan fullname: Fan, Jiwen organization: Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington – sequence: 2 givenname: Yuan surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Yuan organization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California – sequence: 3 givenname: Daniel surname: Rosenfeld fullname: Rosenfeld, Daniel organization: Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel – sequence: 4 givenname: Xiaohong surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Xiaohong organization: Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming |
| BackLink | https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1340779$$D View this record in Osti.gov |
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| SubjectTerms | Aerosol properties Aerosol-cloud interactions Aerosols Atmosphere Atmospheric precipitations Barriers Climate Climatology Cloud dynamics Cloud microphysics Cloud systems Cloud-climate relationships Clouds Dynamics Extreme weather Global climate Hydrometeors Ice Ice nucleation Interactions Laboratories Loads (forces) Microphysics Modelling Nucleation Precipitation Properties Properties (attributes) Radiative forcing Simulation Studies Thermodynamics Variability |
| Title | Review of Aerosol–Cloud Interactions: Mechanisms, Significance, and Challenges |
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