Functional xylem characteristics associated with drought‐induced embolism in angiosperms

Summary Hydraulic failure resulting from drought‐induced embolism in the xylem of plants is a key determinant of reduced productivity and mortality. Methods to assess this vulnerability are difficult to achieve at scale, leading to alternative metrics and correlations with more easily measured trait...

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Published inThe New phytologist Vol. 236; no. 6; pp. 2019 - 2036
Main Authors Lens, Frederic, Gleason, Sean M., Bortolami, Giovanni, Brodersen, Craig, Delzon, Sylvain, Jansen, Steven
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Lancaster Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.12.2022
Wiley
Subjects
Angiosperms
Biodiversity and Ecology
Blood vessels
Diameters
Drought
Embolism
Environmental Sciences
Evaluation
fluid transport
Global Changes
mortality
pit membrane thickness
plant–water relations
vessel diameter
Vulnerability
Water transport
wood anatomy
Xylem
xylem sap
fluid transport
drought
plant-water relations
pit membrane thickness
xylem sap
embolism
vessel diameter
wood anatomy
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Abstract Summary Hydraulic failure resulting from drought‐induced embolism in the xylem of plants is a key determinant of reduced productivity and mortality. Methods to assess this vulnerability are difficult to achieve at scale, leading to alternative metrics and correlations with more easily measured traits. These efforts have led to the longstanding and pervasive assumed mechanistic link between vessel diameter and vulnerability in angiosperms. However, there are at least two problems with this assumption that requires critical re‐evaluation: (1) our current understanding of drought‐induced embolism does not provide a mechanistic explanation why increased vessel width should lead to greater vulnerability, and (2) the most recent advancements in nanoscale embolism processes suggest that vessel diameter is not a direct driver. Here, we review data from physiological and comparative wood anatomy studies, highlighting the potential anatomical and physicochemical drivers of embolism formation and spread. We then put forward key knowledge gaps, emphasising what is known, unknown and speculation. A meaningful evaluation of the diameter–vulnerability link will require a better mechanistic understanding of the biophysical processes at the nanoscale level that determine embolism formation and spread, which will in turn lead to more accurate predictions of how water transport in plants is affected by drought.
AbstractList Summary Hydraulic failure resulting from drought‐induced embolism in the xylem of plants is a key determinant of reduced productivity and mortality. Methods to assess this vulnerability are difficult to achieve at scale, leading to alternative metrics and correlations with more easily measured traits. These efforts have led to the longstanding and pervasive assumed mechanistic link between vessel diameter and vulnerability in angiosperms. However, there are at least two problems with this assumption that requires critical re‐evaluation: (1) our current understanding of drought‐induced embolism does not provide a mechanistic explanation why increased vessel width should lead to greater vulnerability, and (2) the most recent advancements in nanoscale embolism processes suggest that vessel diameter is not a direct driver. Here, we review data from physiological and comparative wood anatomy studies, highlighting the potential anatomical and physicochemical drivers of embolism formation and spread. We then put forward key knowledge gaps, emphasising what is known, unknown and speculation. A meaningful evaluation of the diameter–vulnerability link will require a better mechanistic understanding of the biophysical processes at the nanoscale level that determine embolism formation and spread, which will in turn lead to more accurate predictions of how water transport in plants is affected by drought.
Hydraulic failure resulting from drought‐induced embolism in the xylem of plants is a key determinant of reduced productivity and mortality. Methods to assess this vulnerability are difficult to achieve at scale, leading to alternative metrics and correlations with more easily measured traits. These efforts have led to the longstanding and pervasive assumed mechanistic link between vessel diameter and vulnerability in angiosperms. However, there are at least two problems with this assumption that requires critical re‐evaluation: (1) our current understanding of drought‐induced embolism does not provide a mechanistic explanation why increased vessel width should lead to greater vulnerability, and (2) the most recent advancements in nanoscale embolism processes suggest that vessel diameter is not a direct driver. Here, we review data from physiological and comparative wood anatomy studies, highlighting the potential anatomical and physicochemical drivers of embolism formation and spread. We then put forward key knowledge gaps, emphasising what is known, unknown and speculation. A meaningful evaluation of the diameter–vulnerability link will require a better mechanistic understanding of the biophysical processes at the nanoscale level that determine embolism formation and spread, which will in turn lead to more accurate predictions of how water transport in plants is affected by drought.
Hydraulic failure resulting from drought-induced embolism in the xylem of plants is a key determinant of reduced productivity and mortality. Methods to assess this vulnerability are difficult to achieve at scale, leading to alternative metrics and correlations with more easily measured traits. These efforts have led to the longstanding and pervasive assumed mechanistic link between vessel diameter and vulnerability in angiosperms. However, there are at least two problems with this assumption that requires critical re-evaluation: (1) our current understanding of drought-induced embolism does not provide a mechanistic explanation why increased vessel width should lead to greater vulnerability, and (2) the most recent advancements in nanoscale embolism processes suggest that vessel diameter is not a direct driver. Here, we review data from physiological and comparative wood anatomy studies, highlighting the potential anatomical and physicochemical drivers of embolism formation and spread. We then put forward key knowledge gaps, emphasising what is known, unknown and speculation. A meaningful evaluation of the diameter-vulnerability link will require a better mechanistic understanding of the biophysical processes at the nanoscale level that determine embolism formation and spread, which will in turn lead to more accurate predictions of how water transport in plants is affected by drought.Hydraulic failure resulting from drought-induced embolism in the xylem of plants is a key determinant of reduced productivity and mortality. Methods to assess this vulnerability are difficult to achieve at scale, leading to alternative metrics and correlations with more easily measured traits. These efforts have led to the longstanding and pervasive assumed mechanistic link between vessel diameter and vulnerability in angiosperms. However, there are at least two problems with this assumption that requires critical re-evaluation: (1) our current understanding of drought-induced embolism does not provide a mechanistic explanation why increased vessel width should lead to greater vulnerability, and (2) the most recent advancements in nanoscale embolism processes suggest that vessel diameter is not a direct driver. Here, we review data from physiological and comparative wood anatomy studies, highlighting the potential anatomical and physicochemical drivers of embolism formation and spread. We then put forward key knowledge gaps, emphasising what is known, unknown and speculation. A meaningful evaluation of the diameter-vulnerability link will require a better mechanistic understanding of the biophysical processes at the nanoscale level that determine embolism formation and spread, which will in turn lead to more accurate predictions of how water transport in plants is affected by drought.
Author Jansen, Steven
Brodersen, Craig
Gleason, Sean M.
Delzon, Sylvain
Bortolami, Giovanni
Lens, Frederic
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Frederic
  orcidid: 0000-0002-5001-0149
  surname: Lens
  fullname: Lens, Frederic
  email: frederic.lens@naturalis.nl
  organization: Institute of Biology Leiden, Plant Sciences
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Sean M.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-5607-4741
  surname: Gleason
  fullname: Gleason, Sean M.
  organization: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Giovanni
  orcidid: 0000-0001-7528-9644
  surname: Bortolami
  fullname: Bortolami, Giovanni
  organization: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Craig
  orcidid: 0000-0002-0924-2570
  surname: Brodersen
  fullname: Brodersen, Craig
  organization: Yale University
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Sylvain
  orcidid: 0000-0003-3442-1711
  surname: Delzon
  fullname: Delzon, Sylvain
  organization: University of Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Steven
  orcidid: 0000-0002-4476-5334
  surname: Jansen
  fullname: Jansen, Steven
  organization: Ulm University
BackLink https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04115299$$DView record in HAL
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ContentType Journal Article
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Issue 6
Keywords fluid transport
drought
plant-water relations
pit membrane thickness
xylem sap
embolism
vessel diameter
wood anatomy
Language English
License Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
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Snippet Summary Hydraulic failure resulting from drought‐induced embolism in the xylem of plants is a key determinant of reduced productivity and mortality. Methods to...
Hydraulic failure resulting from drought‐induced embolism in the xylem of plants is a key determinant of reduced productivity and mortality. Methods to assess...
Hydraulic failure resulting from drought-induced embolism in the xylem of plants is a key determinant of reduced productivity and mortality. Methods to assess...
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SourceType Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
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Publisher
StartPage 2019
SubjectTerms Angiosperms
Biodiversity and Ecology
Blood vessels
Diameters
Drought
Embolism
Environmental Sciences
Evaluation
fluid transport
Global Changes
mortality
pit membrane thickness
plant–water relations
vessel diameter
Vulnerability
Water transport
wood anatomy
Xylem
xylem sap
Title Functional xylem characteristics associated with drought‐induced embolism in angiosperms
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fnph.18447
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Volume 236
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