Variation in red fox Vulpes vulpes diet in five continents

Understanding variation in the diet of widely distributed species can help us to predict how they respond to future environmental and anthropogenic changes. We studied the diet of the red fox Vulpes vulpes, one of the world's most widely distributed carnivores. We compiled dietary data from 217...

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Published inMammal review Vol. 52; no. 3; pp. 328 - 342
Main Authors Castañeda, Irene, Doherty, Tim S., Fleming, Patricia A., Stobo‐Wilson, Alyson M., Woinarski, John C. Z., Newsome, Thomas M.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Oxford Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.07.2022
Wiley
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Abstract Understanding variation in the diet of widely distributed species can help us to predict how they respond to future environmental and anthropogenic changes. We studied the diet of the red fox Vulpes vulpes, one of the world's most widely distributed carnivores. We compiled dietary data from 217 studies at 276 locations in five continents to assess how fox diet composition varied according to geographic location, climate, anthropogenic impact, and sampling method. The diet of foxes showed substantial variation throughout the species' range, but with a general trend for small mammals and invertebrates to be the most frequently occurring dietary items. The incidence of small and large mammals and birds in fox diets was greater away from the equator. The incidence of invertebrates and fruits increased with mean elevation, while the occurrence of medium‐sized mammals and birds decreased. Fox diet differed according to climatic and anthropogenic variables. Diet richness decreased with increasing temperature and precipitation. The incidence of small and large mammals decreased with increasing temperature. The incidence of birds and invertebrates decreased with increasing mean annual precipitation. Higher Human Footprint Index was associated with a lower incidence of large mammals and a higher incidence of birds and fruit in fox diet. Sampling method influenced fox diet estimation: estimated percentage of small and medium‐sized mammals and fruit was lower in studies based on stomach contents, while large mammals were more likely to be recorded in studies of stomach contents than in studies of scats. Our study confirms the flexible and opportunistic dietary behaviour of foxes at the global scale. This behavioural trait allows them to thrive in a range of climatic conditions, and in areas with different degrees of human‐induced habitat change. This knowledge can help us to place the results of local‐scale fox diet studies into a broader context and to predict how foxes will respond to future environmental changes. Resumen en Español El estudio de las variaciones de la dieta de especies ampliamente distribuidas puede ayudarnos a comprender mejor como estas especies responderán frente a cambios ambientales futuros. En este estudio analizamos la dieta de uno de los mamíferos carnívoros más ampliamente distribuido, el zorro rojo Vulpes vulpes. Para determinar como la composición de la dieta de los zorros rojos variaba en función de la localización geográfica, el clima, los impactos antrópicos y el método de muestreo recopilamos los datos de 217 estudios llevados a cabo en 276 lugares en cinco continentes. La dieta de los zorros rojos varió de forma importante a lo largo de su área de distribución, siendo los mamíferos pequeños y los invertebrados las presas más frecuentemente consumidas. La frecuencia de ocurrencia de mamíferos pequeños y grandes así como de aves fue mayor en los lugares alejados del ecuador. La frecuencia de ocurrencia de los invertebrados y los frutos incrementó con el aumento de la altitud media mientras que la frecuencia de ocurrencia de mamíferos medianos y aves disminuyó. La dieta de los zorros rojos estuvo influenciada por factores climáticos y antrópicos. La riqueza de la dieta disminuyó con el aumento de la temperatura y la precipitación. La frecuencia de ocurrencia de mamíferos pequeños y grandes disminuyó con el incremento de la temperatura. La frecuencia de ocurrencia de aves e invertebrados disminuyó con el aumento de la precipitación media anual. Valores elevados del índice de huella humana estuvieron asociados con una disminución de la frecuencia de ocurrencia de mamíferos grandes y un incremento de aves y frutos en la dieta de los zorros rojos. La dieta de los zorros rojos también estuvo influenciada por el método de muestreo utilizado. La frecuencia de ocurrencia de mamíferos pequeños y medianos y de frutos fue inferior en estudios basados en el análisis de contenidos estomacales que en estudios basados en el análisis de excrementos. Por el contrario, la frecuencia de ocurrencia de mamíferos grandes fue mayor en los estudios basados en el análisis de contenidos estomacales que los estudios basados en el análisis de excrementos. Nuestro estudio confirma el comportamiento alimentario flexible y oportunista de los zorros rojos a escala global. Estos rasgos de comportamiento permiten a los zorros rojos ocupar un amplio rango de condiciones climáticas y antrópicas. Este conocimiento puede ayudar a situar los resultados locales en un contexto global y a predecir cuales serán las respuestas de los zorros rojos frente a cambios ambientales futuros. We reviewed the diet of the red fox as described in 217 studies including 13 food categories. Globally, red fox diet was dominated by small mammals and invertebrates. The proportion of each of the prey categories in red fox diet varied with environmental and anthropogenic variables and sampling method.
AbstractList Understanding variation in the diet of widely distributed species can help us to predict how they respond to future environmental and anthropogenic changes. We studied the diet of the red fox Vulpes vulpes, one of the world's most widely distributed carnivores. We compiled dietary data from 217 studies at 276 locations in five continents to assess how fox diet composition varied according to geographic location, climate, anthropogenic impact, and sampling method. The diet of foxes showed substantial variation throughout the species' range, but with a general trend for small mammals and invertebrates to be the most frequently occurring dietary items. The incidence of small and large mammals and birds in fox diets was greater away from the equator. The incidence of invertebrates and fruits increased with mean elevation, while the occurrence of medium‐sized mammals and birds decreased. Fox diet differed according to climatic and anthropogenic variables. Diet richness decreased with increasing temperature and precipitation. The incidence of small and large mammals decreased with increasing temperature. The incidence of birds and invertebrates decreased with increasing mean annual precipitation. Higher Human Footprint Index was associated with a lower incidence of large mammals and a higher incidence of birds and fruit in fox diet. Sampling method influenced fox diet estimation: estimated percentage of small and medium‐sized mammals and fruit was lower in studies based on stomach contents, while large mammals were more likely to be recorded in studies of stomach contents than in studies of scats. Our study confirms the flexible and opportunistic dietary behaviour of foxes at the global scale. This behavioural trait allows them to thrive in a range of climatic conditions, and in areas with different degrees of human‐induced habitat change. This knowledge can help us to place the results of local‐scale fox diet studies into a broader context and to predict how foxes will respond to future environmental changes. Resumen en Español El estudio de las variaciones de la dieta de especies ampliamente distribuidas puede ayudarnos a comprender mejor como estas especies responderán frente a cambios ambientales futuros. En este estudio analizamos la dieta de uno de los mamíferos carnívoros más ampliamente distribuido, el zorro rojo Vulpes vulpes. Para determinar como la composición de la dieta de los zorros rojos variaba en función de la localización geográfica, el clima, los impactos antrópicos y el método de muestreo recopilamos los datos de 217 estudios llevados a cabo en 276 lugares en cinco continentes. La dieta de los zorros rojos varió de forma importante a lo largo de su área de distribución, siendo los mamíferos pequeños y los invertebrados las presas más frecuentemente consumidas. La frecuencia de ocurrencia de mamíferos pequeños y grandes así como de aves fue mayor en los lugares alejados del ecuador. La frecuencia de ocurrencia de los invertebrados y los frutos incrementó con el aumento de la altitud media mientras que la frecuencia de ocurrencia de mamíferos medianos y aves disminuyó. La dieta de los zorros rojos estuvo influenciada por factores climáticos y antrópicos. La riqueza de la dieta disminuyó con el aumento de la temperatura y la precipitación. La frecuencia de ocurrencia de mamíferos pequeños y grandes disminuyó con el incremento de la temperatura. La frecuencia de ocurrencia de aves e invertebrados disminuyó con el aumento de la precipitación media anual. Valores elevados del índice de huella humana estuvieron asociados con una disminución de la frecuencia de ocurrencia de mamíferos grandes y un incremento de aves y frutos en la dieta de los zorros rojos. La dieta de los zorros rojos también estuvo influenciada por el método de muestreo utilizado. La frecuencia de ocurrencia de mamíferos pequeños y medianos y de frutos fue inferior en estudios basados en el análisis de contenidos estomacales que en estudios basados en el análisis de excrementos. Por el contrario, la frecuencia de ocurrencia de mamíferos grandes fue mayor en los estudios basados en el análisis de contenidos estomacales que los estudios basados en el análisis de excrementos. Nuestro estudio confirma el comportamiento alimentario flexible y oportunista de los zorros rojos a escala global. Estos rasgos de comportamiento permiten a los zorros rojos ocupar un amplio rango de condiciones climáticas y antrópicas. Este conocimiento puede ayudar a situar los resultados locales en un contexto global y a predecir cuales serán las respuestas de los zorros rojos frente a cambios ambientales futuros. We reviewed the diet of the red fox as described in 217 studies including 13 food categories. Globally, red fox diet was dominated by small mammals and invertebrates. The proportion of each of the prey categories in red fox diet varied with environmental and anthropogenic variables and sampling method.
Understanding variation in the diet of widely distributed species can help us to predict how they respond to future environmental and anthropogenic changes.We studied the diet of the red fox Vulpes vulpes, one of the world's most widely distributed carnivores. We compiled dietary data from 217 studies at 276 locations in five continents to assess how fox diet composition varied according to geographic location, climate, anthropogenic impact, and sampling method.The diet of foxes showed substantial variation throughout the species' range, but with a general trend for small mammals and invertebrates to be the most frequently occurring dietary items.The incidence of small and large mammals and birds in fox diets was greater away from the equator. The incidence of invertebrates and fruits increased with mean elevation, while the occurrence of medium‐sized mammals and birds decreased.Fox diet differed according to climatic and anthropogenic variables. Diet richness decreased with increasing temperature and precipitation. The incidence of small and large mammals decreased with increasing temperature. The incidence of birds and invertebrates decreased with increasing mean annual precipitation. Higher Human Footprint Index was associated with a lower incidence of large mammals and a higher incidence of birds and fruit in fox diet.Sampling method influenced fox diet estimation: estimated percentage of small and medium‐sized mammals and fruit was lower in studies based on stomach contents, while large mammals were more likely to be recorded in studies of stomach contents than in studies of scats.Our study confirms the flexible and opportunistic dietary behaviour of foxes at the global scale. This behavioural trait allows them to thrive in a range of climatic conditions, and in areas with different degrees of human‐induced habitat change. This knowledge can help us to place the results of local‐scale fox diet studies into a broader context and to predict how foxes will respond to future environmental changes.
Abstract Understanding variation in the diet of widely distributed species can help us to predict how they respond to future environmental and anthropogenic changes. We studied the diet of the red fox Vulpes vulpes , one of the world's most widely distributed carnivores. We compiled dietary data from 217 studies at 276 locations in five continents to assess how fox diet composition varied according to geographic location, climate, anthropogenic impact, and sampling method. The diet of foxes showed substantial variation throughout the species' range, but with a general trend for small mammals and invertebrates to be the most frequently occurring dietary items. The incidence of small and large mammals and birds in fox diets was greater away from the equator. The incidence of invertebrates and fruits increased with mean elevation, while the occurrence of medium‐sized mammals and birds decreased. Fox diet differed according to climatic and anthropogenic variables. Diet richness decreased with increasing temperature and precipitation. The incidence of small and large mammals decreased with increasing temperature. The incidence of birds and invertebrates decreased with increasing mean annual precipitation. Higher Human Footprint Index was associated with a lower incidence of large mammals and a higher incidence of birds and fruit in fox diet. Sampling method influenced fox diet estimation: estimated percentage of small and medium‐sized mammals and fruit was lower in studies based on stomach contents, while large mammals were more likely to be recorded in studies of stomach contents than in studies of scats. Our study confirms the flexible and opportunistic dietary behaviour of foxes at the global scale. This behavioural trait allows them to thrive in a range of climatic conditions, and in areas with different degrees of human‐induced habitat change. This knowledge can help us to place the results of local‐scale fox diet studies into a broader context and to predict how foxes will respond to future environmental changes. Resumen en Español El estudio de las variaciones de la dieta de especies ampliamente distribuidas puede ayudarnos a comprender mejor como estas especies responderán frente a cambios ambientales futuros. En este estudio analizamos la dieta de uno de los mamíferos carnívoros más ampliamente distribuido, el zorro rojo Vulpes vulpes . Para determinar como la composición de la dieta de los zorros rojos variaba en función de la localización geográfica, el clima, los impactos antrópicos y el método de muestreo recopilamos los datos de 217 estudios llevados a cabo en 276 lugares en cinco continentes. La dieta de los zorros rojos varió de forma importante a lo largo de su área de distribución, siendo los mamíferos pequeños y los invertebrados las presas más frecuentemente consumidas. La frecuencia de ocurrencia de mamíferos pequeños y grandes así como de aves fue mayor en los lugares alejados del ecuador. La frecuencia de ocurrencia de los invertebrados y los frutos incrementó con el aumento de la altitud media mientras que la frecuencia de ocurrencia de mamíferos medianos y aves disminuyó. La dieta de los zorros rojos estuvo influenciada por factores climáticos y antrópicos. La riqueza de la dieta disminuyó con el aumento de la temperatura y la precipitación. La frecuencia de ocurrencia de mamíferos pequeños y grandes disminuyó con el incremento de la temperatura. La frecuencia de ocurrencia de aves e invertebrados disminuyó con el aumento de la precipitación media anual. Valores elevados del índice de huella humana estuvieron asociados con una disminución de la frecuencia de ocurrencia de mamíferos grandes y un incremento de aves y frutos en la dieta de los zorros rojos. La dieta de los zorros rojos también estuvo influenciada por el método de muestreo utilizado. La frecuencia de ocurrencia de mamíferos pequeños y medianos y de frutos fue inferior en estudios basados en el análisis de contenidos estomacales que en estudios basados en el análisis de excrementos. Por el contrario, la frecuencia de ocurrencia de mamíferos grandes fue mayor en los estudios basados en el análisis de contenidos estomacales que los estudios basados en el análisis de excrementos. Nuestro estudio confirma el comportamiento alimentario flexible y oportunista de los zorros rojos a escala global. Estos rasgos de comportamiento permiten a los zorros rojos ocupar un amplio rango de condiciones climáticas y antrópicas. Este conocimiento puede ayudar a situar los resultados locales en un contexto global y a predecir cuales serán las respuestas de los zorros rojos frente a cambios ambientales futuros.
1. Understanding variation in the diet of widely distributed species can help us to predict how they respond to future environmental and anthropogenic changes. 2. We studied the diet of the red fox Vulpes vulpes, one of the world's most widely distributed carnivores. We compiled dietary data from 217 studies at 276 locations in five continents to assess how fox diet composition varied according to geographic location, climate, anthropogenic impact, and sampling method. 3. The diet of foxes showed substantial variation throughout the species' range, but with a general trend for small mammals and invertebrates to be the most frequently occurring dietary items. 4. The incidence of small and large mammals and birds in fox diets was greater away from the equator. The incidence of invertebrates and fruits increased with mean elevation, while the occurrence of medium-sized mammals and birds decreased. 5. Fox diet differed according to climatic and anthropogenic variables. Diet richness decreased with increasing temperature and precipitation. The incidence of small and large mammals decreased with increasing temperature. The incidence of birds and invertebrates decreased with increasing mean annual precipitation. Higher Human Footprint Index was associated with a lower incidence of large mammals and a higher incidence of birds and fruit in fox diet. 6. Sampling method influenced fox diet estimation: estimated percentage of small and medium-sized mammals and fruit was lower in studies based on stomach contents, while large mammals were more likely to be recorded in studies of stomach contents than in studies of scats. 7. Our study confirms the flexible and opportunistic dietary behaviour of foxes at the global scale. This behavioural trait allows them to thrive in a range of climatic conditions, and in areas with different degrees of human-induced habitat change. This knowledge can help us to place the results of local-scale fox diet studies into a broader context and to predict how foxes will respond to future environmental changes.
Author Doherty, Tim S.
Woinarski, John C. Z.
Stobo‐Wilson, Alyson M.
Newsome, Thomas M.
Castañeda, Irene
Fleming, Patricia A.
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IEDL.DBID DR2
ISSN 0305-1838
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Thu Oct 10 14:58:08 EDT 2024
Fri Aug 23 01:33:43 EDT 2024
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Issue 3
Keywords geographic gradient
omnívoro
diet richness
red fox Vulpes vulpes Correspondence Palabras clave cambio climático
impacto antrópico
carnivore
gradiente geográfico
zorro rojo Vulpes vulpes
global
anthropogenic impact
riqueza de la dieta
climate change
Language English
License Attribution
Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c4322-b31e07c713325cebe1ac20b5e2d4f73b2e32fc43d8e69824db11a0b021949f033
Notes Editor: DR
ORCID 0000-0001-7745-0251
0000-0002-0626-3851
0000-0002-2490-2178
OpenAccessLink https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fmam.12292
PQID 2676968564
PQPubID 37933
PageCount 15
ParticipantIDs hal_primary_oai_HAL_hal_03695675v1
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wiley_primary_10_1111_mam_12292_MAM12292
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate July 2022
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2022-07-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 07
  year: 2022
  text: July 2022
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Oxford
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Oxford
PublicationTitle Mammal review
PublicationYear 2022
Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Wiley
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Snippet Understanding variation in the diet of widely distributed species can help us to predict how they respond to future environmental and anthropogenic changes. We...
Abstract Understanding variation in the diet of widely distributed species can help us to predict how they respond to future environmental and anthropogenic...
Understanding variation in the diet of widely distributed species can help us to predict how they respond to future environmental and anthropogenic changes.We...
1. Understanding variation in the diet of widely distributed species can help us to predict how they respond to future environmental and anthropogenic changes....
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SubjectTerms Annual precipitation
Anthropogenic factors
anthropogenic impact
Birds
cambio climático
carnivore
Carnivores
climate change
Climatic conditions
Continents
Diet
diet richness
Elevation
Environmental changes
Environmental Sciences
Equator
Foxes
Fruits
geographic gradient
Geographical locations
global
gradiente geográfico
Habitat changes
Human influences
impacto antrópico
Invertebrates
Mammals
omnívoro
Precipitation
red fox Vulpes vulpes
riqueza de la dieta
Sampling
Sampling methods
Stomach
Variation
Vulpes vulpes
zorro rojo Vulpes vulpes
Title Variation in red fox Vulpes vulpes diet in five continents
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fmam.12292
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2676968564
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03695675
Volume 52
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