Effect of parenteral glutamine supplementation combined with enteral nutrition on Hsp90 expression and Peyer's patch apoptosis in severely burned rats

• Published in: Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) Vol. 47; pp. 97 - 103
• Main Authors: Fan, Jun, Wu, Jing, Wu, Li-dong, Cheng, Bin, Tao, Shao-yu, Wang, Wei, Chen, Xi, Zeng, Peng, Wang, Yi-bing, Meng, Qing-yan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.03.2018; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Amino acids; Apoptosis; Back injuries; Body weight; Burns; Caspase; Caspase-3; Cytokines; Dietary supplements; Digestive system; Enteral nutrition; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Gastrointestinal tract; Glutamine; Heat shock proteins; Hsp90 protein; Immunity; Immunoglobulin A; Inflammation; Injuries; Intestine; Laboratory animals; Lymphatic system; Metabolism; Nutrition; Parenteral glutamine supplementation; Parenteral nutrition; Peyer's patch apoptosis; Protein expression; Rats; Rodents; Scald; Sepsis; Tyrosine; Western blotting; Parenteral glutamine supplementation; Peyer's patch apoptosis; Enteral nutrition; Immunoglobulin A; Burns
• DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.10.005
• ISSN: 0899-9007; 1873-1244

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of parenteral glutamine (GLN) supplementation combined with enteral nutrition (EN) on heat shock protein (Hsp) 90 expression and Peyer's patch (PP) apoptosis in severely burned rats. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to four groups: Sham burn + EN + GLN-free amino acid (AA; n = 10), sham burn + EN + GLN (n = 10), burn + EN + AA (n = 10), and burn + EN + GLN (n = 10). Two hours after a 30% total body surface area (TBSA), full-thickness scald burn injury on the back, burned rats in two of the experimental groups (burn + EN + AA and burn + EN + GLN groups) were fed with a conventional EN solution by oral gavage for 7 d. Simultaneously, rats in the burn + EN + GLN group were given 0.35 g GLN/kg body weight/d once via a tail vein injection for 7 d and rats in the burn + EN + AA group were administered isocaloric/isonitrogenous GLN-free amino acid solution (Tyrosine) for comparison. Rats in two sham burn control groups (sham burn + EN + AA and sham burn + EN + GLN groups) were treated in the same manner except for the burn injury. All rats in the four groups were given 175 kcal/kg body wt/d. There was isonitrogenous, isovolumic, and isocaloric intake among the four groups. At the end of the seventh day after completion of the nutritional program, all rats were anesthetized and samples were collected for further analysis. PP apoptosis was measured by terminal deoxyuridine nick-end labeling (TUNEL). The expression of Hsp90 in PPs was analyzed by western blotting. Caspase-3 activity of PPs was also assessed. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines of gut tissues were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) content was also determined by ELISA. The results revealed that intestinal IgA content in rats of the burn + EN + GLN group were significantly increased compared with those in the burn + EN + AA group (P < 0.05). The expression of Hsp90 of PPs in rats in the burn + EN + GLN group was significantly upregulated compared with those in the burn + EN + AA group (P < 0.05). On the other hand, levels of proinflammatory cytokines of gut tissues, caspase-3 activity, and the number of TUNEL-stained cells of PPs in rats of the burn + EN + GLN group were markedly decreased compared with those of the burn + EN + AA group (P < 0.05). The results of this study show that parenteral glutamine supplementation combined with EN may upregulate the expression of Hsp90, reduce caspase-3 activity, lessen the release of proinflammatory cytokines, attenuate PP apoptosis, and improve intestinal IgA response in burned rats. Clinically, therapeutic efforts to improve intestinal immunity may contribute to a favorable outcome in severely burned patients. •This study analyzed the effect of glutamine with enteral nutrition (EN) on intestinal immunity in burned rats.•Glutamine with EN increased the expression of heat shock protein 90 in Peyer's patches (PPs).•Glutamine with EN decreased PP apoptosis.•Glutamine with EN may improve intestinal immunity in burned rats.