Empowerment without Emancipation: Performativity and Political Activism among Iranian Refugees in Italy and Turkey
This article examines the centrality of political activism in the identity of Iranian refugees and investigates how they perform and incorporate it by considering the interlocked pressure of international politics, personal networks, and the assistance provided by civil society organizations. The ca...
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| Published in | Alternatives: global, local, political Vol. 38; no. 4; pp. 305 - 320 |
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| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Los Angeles, CA
SAGE Publications
01.11.2013
SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0304-3754 2163-3150 |
| DOI | 10.1177/0304375413519191 |
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| Abstract | This article examines the centrality of political activism in the identity of Iranian refugees and investigates how they perform and incorporate it by considering the interlocked pressure of international politics, personal networks, and the assistance provided by civil society organizations. The case of Iranian political refugees in Italy and Turkey is of particular interest because of the international visibility of the Green movement, the Iranian people's historical experience of emigration, and the fact that Iran is a subject of great interest for a number of human rights non-governmental organizations (NGOs). It shows how the process of "being a refugee" works not only through classical forms of institutional pressure but also through "unexpected" forms such as NGO efforts to empower refugees politically. Despite the positive value attached to it, in this context political activism can force refugees into preestablished roles, such as "human rights defenders" or "Green movement activists." Paradoxically, refugees act within a context that dominates them even when it tries to empower them. |
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| AbstractList | This article examines the centrality of political activism in the identity of Iranian refugees and investigates how they perform and incorporate it by considering the interlocked pressure of international politics, personal networks, and the assistance provided by civil society organizations. The case of Iranian political refugees in Italy and Turkey is of particular interest because of the international visibility of the Green movement, the Iranian people's historical experience of emigration, and the fact that Iran is a subject of great interest for a number of human rights nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). It shows how the process of 'being a refugee' works not only through classical forms of institutional pressure but also through 'unexpected' forms such as NGO efforts to empower refugees politically. Despite the positive value attached to it, in this context political activism can force refugees into preestablished roles, such as 'human rights defenders' or 'Green movement activists.' Paradoxically, refugees act within a context that dominates them even when it tries to empower them. Adapted from the source document. This article examines the centrality of political activism in the identity of Iranian refugees and investigates how they perform and incorporate it by considering the interlocked pressure of international politics, personal networks, and the assistance provided by civil society organizations. The case of Iranian political refugees in Italy and Turkey is of particular interest because of the international visibility of the Green movement, the Iranian people’s historical experience of emigration, and the fact that Iran is a subject of great interest for a number of human rights nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). It shows how the process of “being a refugee” works not only through classical forms of institutional pressure but also through “unexpected” forms such as NGO efforts to empower refugees politically. Despite the positive value attached to it, in this context political activism can force refugees into preestablished roles, such as “human rights defenders” or “Green movement activists.” Paradoxically, refugees act within a context that dominates them even when it tries to empower them. This article examines the centrality of political activism in the identity of Iranian refugees and investigates how they perform and incorporate it by considering the interlocked pressure of international politics, personal networks, and the assistance provided by civil society organizations. The case of Iranian political refugees in Italy and Turkey is of particular interest because of the international visibility of the Green movement, the Iranian people's historical experience of emigration, and the fact that Iran is a subject of great interest for a number of human rights nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). It shows how the process of "being a refugee" works not only through classical forms of institutional pressure but also through "unexpected" forms such as NGO efforts to empower refugees politically. Despite the positive value attached to it, in this context political activism can force refugees into preestablished roles, such as "human rights defenders" or "Green movement activists." Paradoxically, refugees act within a context that dominates them even when it tries to empower them. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] This article examines the centrality of political activism in the identity of Iranian refugees and investigates how they perform and incorporate it by considering the interlocked pressure of international politics, personal networks, and the assistance provided by civil society organizations. The case of Iranian political refugees in Italy and Turkey is of particular interest because of the international visibility of the Green movement, the Iranian people's historical experience of emigration, and the fact that Iran is a subject of great interest for a number of human rights nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). It shows how the process of 'being a refugee' works not only through classical forms of institutional pressure but also through 'unexpected' forms such as NGO efforts to empower refugees politically. Despite the positive value attached to it, in this context political activism can force refugees into preestablished roles, such as 'human rights defenders' or 'Green movement activists.' Paradoxically, refugees act within a context that dominates them even when it tries to empower them. Adapted from the source document. Reprinted by permission of Lynne Rienner Publishers This article examines the centrality of political activism in the identity of Iranian refugees and investigates how they perform and incorporate it by considering the interlocked pressure of international politics, personal networks, and the assistance provided by civil society organizations. The case of Iranian political refugees in Italy and Turkey is of particular interest because of the international visibility of the Green movement, the Iranian people's historical experience of emigration, and the fact that Iran is a subject of great interest for a number of human rights non-governmental organizations (NGOs). It shows how the process of "being a refugee" works not only through classical forms of institutional pressure but also through "unexpected" forms such as NGO efforts to empower refugees politically. Despite the positive value attached to it, in this context political activism can force refugees into preestablished roles, such as "human rights defenders" or "Green movement activists." Paradoxically, refugees act within a context that dominates them even when it tries to empower them. |
| Author | Rivetti, Paola |
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| Copyright | Copyright © 2013 SAGE Publications The Author(s) 2014 Copyright SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC. Nov 2013 |
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| SubjectTerms | Activism Asylum seekers Civil rights Civil society Emancipation Emigration Empowerment Environmental movements Environmental refugees Forced migration Green Movement Human Rights Human Rights Movements Iran Iranians Italy NGOs Non-governmental organizations Nongovernmental Organizations Performativity Political activism Political asylum Political identity Political movements Political Participation Political refugees Politics Refugees Social networks Turkey Visibility |
| Title | Empowerment without Emancipation: Performativity and Political Activism among Iranian Refugees in Italy and Turkey |
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