Dilution sampling and analysis of particulate matter in biomass-derived syngas
Thermochemical biomass gasification, followed by conversion of the produced syngas to fuels and electrical power, is a promising energy alternative. Real-world characterization of particulate matter (PM) and other contaminants in the syngas is important to minimize damage and ensure efficient operat...
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| Published in | Frontiers of environmental science & engineering Vol. 5; no. 3; pp. 320 - 330 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Heidelberg
Higher Education Press
01.09.2011
SP Higher Education Press Springer Nature B.V |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Thermochemical biomass gasification, followed by conversion of the produced syngas to fuels and electrical power, is a promising energy alternative. Real-world characterization of particulate matter (PM) and other contaminants in the syngas is important to minimize damage and ensure efficient operation of the engines it powers and the fuels created from it. A dilution sampling system is demonstrated to quantify PM in syngas generated from two gasification plants utilizing different biomass feedstocks: a BioMax ®15 Biopower System that uses raw and torrefied woodchips as feedstocks, and an integrated biorefinery (IBR) that uses rice hulls and woodchips as feedstocks. PM 2.5 mass concentrations in syngas from the IBR downstream of the purification system were 12.8-13.7 µg·m -3, which were significantly lower than the maximum level for catalyst protection (500 µg·m -3) and were 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than those in BioMax ®15 syngas (2247-4835 µg·m -3). Ultrafine particle number concentration and PM 2.5 chemical constituents were also much lower in the IBR syngas than in the BioMax ®15. The dilution sampling system enabled reliable measurements over a wide range of concentrations: the use of high sensitivity instruments allowed measurement at very low concentrations (~1 µg·m -3), while the flexibility of dilution minimized sampling problems that are commonly encountered due to high levels of tars in raw syngas (~1 g·m -3). |
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| AbstractList | Thermochemical biomass gasification, followed by conversion of the produced syngas to fuels and electrical power, is a promising energy alternative. Real-world characterization of particulate matter (PM) and other contaminants in the syngas is important to minimize damage and ensure efficient operation of the engines it powers and the fuels created from it. A dilution sampling system is demonstrated to quantify PM in syngas generated from two gasification plants utilizing different biomass feedstocks: a BioMax®15 Biopower System that uses raw and torrefied woodchips as feedstocks, and an integrated biorefinery (IBR) that uses rice hulls and woodchips as feedstocks. PM
2.5
mass concentrations in syngas from the IBR downstream of the purification system were 12.8–13.7 μg·m
−3
, which were significantly lower than the maximum level for catalyst protection (500 μg·m
−3
) and were 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than those in BioMax®15 syngas (2247–4835 μg·m
−3
). Ultrafine particle number concentration and PM
2.5
chemical constituents were also much lower in the IBR syngas than in the BioMax®15. The dilution sampling system enabled reliable measurements over a wide range of concentrations: the use of high sensitivity instruments allowed measurement at very low concentrations (∼1 μg·m
−3
), while the flexibility of dilution minimized sampling problems that are commonly encountered due to high levels of tars in raw syngas (∼1 g·m
−3
). Thermochemical biomass gasification, followed by conversion of the produced syngas to fuels and electrical power, is a promising energy alternative. Real-world characterization of particulate matter (PM) and other contaminants in the syngas is important to minimize damage and ensure efficient operation of the engines it powers and the fuels created from it. A dilution sampling system is demonstrated to quantify PM in syngas generated from two gasification plants utilizing different biomass feedstocks: a BioMax?15 Biopower System that uses raw and torrefied woodchips as feedstocks, and an integrated biorefinery (IBR) that uses rice hulls and woodchips as feedstocks. PM2.5 mass concentrations in syngas from the IBR downstream of the purification system were 12.8--13.7 Delta *mg?m-3, which were significantly lower than the maximum level for catalyst protection (500 Delta *mg?m-3) and were 2--3 orders of magnitude lower than those in BioMax?15 syngas (2247--4835 Delta *mg?m-3). Ultrafine particle number concentration and PM2.5 chemical constituents were also much lower in the IBR syngas than in the BioMax?15. The dilution sampling system enabled reliable measurements over a wide range of concentrations: the use of high sensitivity instruments allowed measurement at very low concentrations (~1 Delta *mg?m-3), while the flexibility of dilution minimized sampling problems that are commonly encountered due to high levels of tars in raw syngas (~1 g?m-3). Thermochemical biomass gasification, followed by conversion of the produced syngas to fuels and electrical power, is a promising energy alternative. Real-world characterization of particulate matter (PM) and other contaminants in the syngas is important to minimize damage and ensure efficient operation of the engines it powers and the fuels created from it. A dilution sampling system is demonstrated to quantify PM in syngas generated from two gasification plants utilizing different biomass feedstocks: a BioMax®15 Biopower System that uses raw and torrefied woodchips as feedstocks, and an integrated biorefinery (IBR) that uses rice hulls and woodchips as feedstocks. PM2.5 mass concentrations in syngas from the IBR downstream of the purification system were 12.8–13.7 μg·m−3, which were significantly lower than the maximum level for catalyst protection (500 μg·m−3) and were 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than those in BioMax®15 syngas (2247–4835 μg·m−3). Ultrafine particle number concentration and PM2.5 chemical constituents were also much lower in the IBR syngas than in the BioMax®15. The dilution sampling system enabled reliable measurements over a wide range of concentrations: the use of high sensitivity instruments allowed measurement at very low concentrations (∼1 μg·m−3), while the flexibility of dilution minimized sampling problems that are commonly encountered due to high levels of tars in raw syngas (∼1 g·m−3). Thermochemical biomass gasification, followed by conversion of the produced syngas to fuels and electrical power, is a promising energy alternative. Real-world characterization of particulate matter (PM) and other contaminants in the syngas is important to minimize damage and ensure efficient operation of the engines it powers and the fuels created from it. A dilution sampling system is demonstrated to quantify PM in syngas generated from two gasification plants utilizing different biomass feedstocks: a BioMax ®15 Biopower System that uses raw and torrefied woodchips as feedstocks, and an integrated biorefinery (IBR) that uses rice hulls and woodchips as feedstocks. PM 2.5 mass concentrations in syngas from the IBR downstream of the purification system were 12.8-13.7 µg·m -3, which were significantly lower than the maximum level for catalyst protection (500 µg·m -3) and were 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than those in BioMax ®15 syngas (2247-4835 µg·m -3). Ultrafine particle number concentration and PM 2.5 chemical constituents were also much lower in the IBR syngas than in the BioMax ®15. The dilution sampling system enabled reliable measurements over a wide range of concentrations: the use of high sensitivity instruments allowed measurement at very low concentrations (~1 µg·m -3), while the flexibility of dilution minimized sampling problems that are commonly encountered due to high levels of tars in raw syngas (~1 g·m -3). |
| Author | ROBBINS, Curtis SCHUETZLE, Dennis WANG, Xiaoliang HOEKMAN, S. Kent CHOW, Judith C. WATSON, John G. |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_atmosenv_2012_06_046 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_partic_2019_04_008 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13399_013_0081_7 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40095_015_0187_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_partic_2015_07_001 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envpol_2018_07_126 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rser_2023_113501 |
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| Keywords | dilution source sampling syngas characterization ultrafine particles biomass gasification |
| Language | English |
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| SubjectTerms | Alternative energy sources Biomass biomass gasification Biorefineries Catalysts Contaminants Dilution dilution source sampling Earth and Environmental Science Electric power Electric power generation Environment Feedstock Fuels Gasification Low concentrations Oryza sativa Particulate emissions Particulate matter Raw Raw materials Research Article Rice hulls Sampling syngas characterization Synthesis gas Tars ultrafine particles Ultrafines |
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| Title | Dilution sampling and analysis of particulate matter in biomass-derived syngas |
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