Electrical conductivity monitoring of soil condition and available N with animal manure and a cover crop
Development of sustainable agricultural management systems will depend, in part, on the ability to better use renewable resources, such as animal manure, and to synchronize the levels of soil available N with crop plant needs during the growing season. This study was conducted at the US Meat Animal...
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| Published in | Agriculture, ecosystems & environment Vol. 88; no. 2; pp. 183 - 193 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article Conference Proceeding |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Amsterdam
Elsevier B.V
01.02.2002
Elsevier Science |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Development of sustainable agricultural management systems will depend, in part, on the ability to better use renewable resources, such as animal manure, and to synchronize the levels of soil available N with crop plant needs during the growing season. This study was conducted at the US Meat Animal Research Center in the central USA to determine whether differences in electromagnetic (EM) soil conductivity and available N levels over a growing season can be linked to feedlot manure/compost application and use of a green winter cover crop. A series of soil conductivity maps of a research cornfield were generated using global positioning system (GPS) and EM induction methods. The study site was treated over a 7-year period with manure and compost at rates matching either the phosphorus or the nitrogen requirements of silage corn (Zea mays L.). The plot was split for sub-treatments of a rye (Secale cereale L.) winter cover crop and no cover crop. Image processing techniques were used to establish electrical conductivity (EC) treatment means for each of the growing season surveys. Sequential measurement of profile weighted soil electrical conductivity (ECa) was effective in identifying the dynamic changes in available soil N, as affected by animal manure and N fertilizer treatments, during the corn-growing season. This method also clearly identified the effectiveness of cover crops in minimizing levels of available soil N before and after the corn-growing season, when soluble N is most subject to loss. The EM method for assessing soil condition provides insights into the dynamics of available N transformations that are supported by soil chemical analyses. This real-time monitoring approach could also be useful to farmers in enhancing N use efficiencies of cropping management systems and in minimizing N losses to the environment. |
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| AbstractList | Development of sustainable agricultural management systems will depend, in part, on the ability to better use renewable resources, such as animal manure, and to synchronize the levels of soil available N with crop plant needs during the growing season. This study was conducted at the US Meat Animal Research Center in the central USA to determine whether differences in electromagnetic (EM) soil conductivity and available N levels over a growing season can be linked to feedlot manure/compost application and use of a green winter cover crop. A series of soil conductivity maps of a research cornfield were generated using global positioning system (GPS) and EM induction methods. The study site was treated over a 7-year period with manure and compost at rates matching either the phosphorus or the nitrogen requirements of silage corn (Zea mays L.). The plot was split for sub-treatments of a rye (Secale cereale L.) winter cover crop and no cover crop. Image processing techniques were used to establish electrical conductivity (EC) treatment means for each of the growing season surveys. Sequential measurement of profile weighted soil electrical conductivity (EC sub(a)) was effective in identifying the dynamic changes in available soil N, as affected by animal manure and N fertilizer treatments, during the corn-growing season. This method also clearly identified the effectiveness of cover crops in minimizing levels of available soil N before and after the corn-growing season, when soluble N is most subject to loss. The EM method for assessing soil condition provides insights into the dynamics of available N transformations that are supported by soil chemical analyses. This real-time monitoring approach could also be useful to farmers in enhancing N use efficiencies of cropping management systems and in minimizing N losses to the environment. Development of sustainable agricultural management systems will depend, in part, on the ability to better use renewable resources, such as animal manure, and to synchronize the levels of soil available N with crop plant needs during the growing season. This study was conducted at the US Meat Animal Research Center in the central USA to determine whether differences in electromagnetic (EM) soil conductivity and available N levels over a growing season can be linked to feedlot manure/compost application and use of a green winter cover crop. A series of soil conductivity maps of a research cornfield were generated using global positioning system (GPS) and EM induction methods. The study site was treated over a 7-year period with manure and compost at rates matching either the phosphorus or the nitrogen requirements of silage corn (Zea mays L.). The plot was split for sub-treatments of a rye (Secale cereale L.) winter cover crop and no cover crop. Image processing techniques were used to establish electrical conductivity (EC) treatment means for each of the growing season surveys. Sequential measurement of profile weighted soil electrical conductivity (EC(a)) was effective in identifying the dynamic changes in available soil N, as affected by animal manure and N fertilizer treatments, during the corn-growing season. This method also clearly identified the effectiveness of cover crops in minimizing levels of available soil N before and after the corn-growing season, when soluble N is most subject to loss. The EM method for assessing soil condition provides insights into the dynamics of available N transformations that are supported by soil chemical analyses. This real-time monitoring approach could also be useful to farmers in enhancing N use efficiencies of cropping management systems and in minimizing N losses to the environment. Development of sustainable agricultural management systems will depend, in part, on the ability to better use renewable resources, such as animal manure, and to synchronize the levels of soil available N with crop plant needs during the growing season. This study was conducted at the US Meat Animal Research Center in the central USA to determine whether differences in electromagnetic (EM) soil conductivity and available N levels over a growing season can be linked to feedlot manure/compost application and use of a green winter cover crop. A series of soil conductivity maps of a research cornfield were generated using global positioning system (GPS) and EM induction methods. The study site was treated over a 7-year period with manure and compost at rates matching either the phosphorus or the nitrogen requirements of silage corn (Zea mays L.). The plot was split for sub-treatments of a rye (Secale cereale L.) winter cover crop and no cover crop. Image processing techniques were used to establish electrical conductivity (EC) treatment means for each of the growing season surveys. Sequential measurement of profile weighted soil electrical conductivity (ECa) was effective in identifying the dynamic changes in available soil N, as affected by animal manure and N fertilizer treatments, during the corn-growing season. This method also clearly identified the effectiveness of cover crops in minimizing levels of available soil N before and after the corn-growing season, when soluble N is most subject to loss. The EM method for assessing soil condition provides insights into the dynamics of available N transformations that are supported by soil chemical analyses. This real-time monitoring approach could also be useful to farmers in enhancing N use efficiencies of cropping management systems and in minimizing N losses to the environment. Development of sustainable agricultural systems will require better use of such renewable resources as animal manure and synchronizing soil available nitrogen (N) with crop plant needs. Linkages between electromagnetic (EM) soil conductivity, available N over a growing season, manure application, and use of a green winter cover crop were studied. Soil conductivity maps of a research cornfield were generated using a global positioning system and EM measurements. Manure/compost was applied over 7 yr to match either the N or the phosphorus requirements of corn. A rye winter cover crop was planted on some sub-plots. Soil profile weighted electrical conductivity was an effective measure of dynamic changes in soil available N, as affected by manure and fertilizer treatments, and also effectively identified cover crop effects of minimizing available soil N before and after the corn growing season. Real time EM monitoring could prove useful to farmers seeking to enhance N use efficiencies of crops and to minimize N losses to the environment. |
| Author | Ferguson, R.B Doran, J.W Woodbury, B.L Eigenberg, R.A Nienaber, J.A |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: R.A surname: Eigenberg fullname: Eigenberg, R.A email: eigenberg@mail.marc.usda.gov organization: Biological Engineering Research Unit, USDA-ARS US Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: J.W surname: Doran fullname: Doran, J.W organization: USDA-ARS Soil and Water Conservation Research, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: J.A surname: Nienaber fullname: Nienaber, J.A organization: Biological Engineering Research Unit, USDA-ARS US Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: R.B surname: Ferguson fullname: Ferguson, R.B organization: South Central Research and Extension Center, P.O. Box 66, University of Nebraska, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: B.L surname: Woodbury fullname: Woodbury, B.L organization: Biological Engineering Research Unit, USDA-ARS US Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA |
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| Cites_doi | 10.2136/sssaj1982.03615995004600030014x 10.1007/BF01706044 10.1080/01448765.1993.9754638 10.1071/SR9820107 10.1190/1.9781560802785.ch7 10.1046/j.1365-2389.2000.00306.x |
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| Keywords | EC, electrical conductivity ECa, profile weighted electrical conductivity Manure GPS, global positioning system EM, electromagnetic Electromagnetic induction Nutrient availability USMARC, US Meat Animal Research Center Silage corn Soil electrical conductivity Compost Nitrogen fertilization Monocotyledones Electrical conductivity Secale cereale Zea mays Cover crop Available nutrient Cropping system Soil quality Organic fertilization Organic fertilizer Mollisols Nitrogen Farmyard manure Inorganic element Cereal crop Agroecosystem Silt loam soil Gramineae Angiospermae Nutrient Spermatophyta Monitoring |
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| SubjectTerms | agriculture Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions animal manures Biological and medical sciences cover crops electrical conductivity Electromagnetic induction Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General agronomy. Plant production Manure monitoring Nebraska Nutrient availability nutrient requirements Other nutrients. Amendments. Solid and liquid wastes. Sludges and slurries Secale cereale Silage corn Soil electrical conductivity soil fertility Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility. Fertilization. Amendments Zea mays |
| Title | Electrical conductivity monitoring of soil condition and available N with animal manure and a cover crop |
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