A Normative Study of the Trail Making Test A and B in Greek Adults

• Published in: Clinical neuropsychologist Vol. 22; no. 5; pp. 842 - 850
• Main Authors: Zalonis, I., Kararizou, E., Triantafyllou, N. I., Kapaki, E., Papageorgiou, S., Sgouropoulos, P., Vassilopoulos, D.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hove Psychology Press 01.09.2008
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging - psychology; Analysis of Variance; Biological and medical sciences; Cognition - physiology; Cultural Characteristics; Educational Status; European Continental Ancestry Group - psychology; Executive functioning; Female; Greece; Humans; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological tests; Neuropsychological Tests - standards; Neuropsychological Tests - statistics & numerical data; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychometrics. Diagnostic aid systems; Psychomotor Performance - physiology; Psychomotor speed; Psychopathology. Psychiatry; Reference Values; Shift of attention; Techniques and methods; Trail Making Test; Trail Making Test - standards; Trail Making Test - statistics & numerical data; Verbal Behavior - physiology; Visual Perception - physiology; Visual tracking; Young Adult; Greece; Europe; Human; Executive function; Education level; Attention; Neuropsychological test; Psychometrics; Cognition; Psychomotricity; Velocity; Visual tracking; Shift of attention: Trail Making Test; Sociodemographic factor; Neuropsychological tests; Vision; Psychomotor speed; Perception; Adult; Trail Making Test; Elderly; Executive functioning; Age
• ISSN: 1385-4046; 1744-4144
• DOI: 10.1080/13854040701629301

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of age and education on the performance of the Trail Making Test (TMT), and to provide normative data in the Greek population. The TMT was administered to 643 healthy participants. All participants satisfied the criteria excluding dementia and other medical, psychiatric, and neurological disorders. Statistical analysis revealed that, age, education, and general level of intelligence significantly influence individual performance. Performance on TMT, especially part B, decreases with increasing age and lower levels of education. Current norms of the Greek version of TMT represent a useful set of norms for clinical practice.