The Yin and Yang of Microglia

Microglia, the resident immune cells of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), play a pivotal role in both physiological and pathological conditions such as the restoration of CNS integrity and the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Extensive data have been published that describe neur...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inDevelopmental neuroscience Vol. 33; no. 3-4; pp. 199 - 209
Main Authors Czeh, Melinda, Gressens, Pierre, Kaindl, Angela M.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel, Switzerland S. Karger AG 01.01.2011
Subjects
Aging - physiology
Brain - cytology
Brain - embryology
Brain - growth & development
Brain - pathology
Central Nervous System - cytology
Central Nervous System - immunology
Central Nervous System - pathology
Central Nervous System - physiology
Encephalitis - immunology
Encephalitis - pathology
Humans
Microglia - cytology
Microglia - physiology
Nerve Degeneration - pathology
Nerve Degeneration - physiopathology
Review
Brain
Neuroprotection
Inflammation
Neurodegeneration
Microglia
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Abstract Microglia, the resident immune cells of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), play a pivotal role in both physiological and pathological conditions such as the restoration of CNS integrity and the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Extensive data have been published that describe neuroinflammation by microglial activation to have detrimental consequences on the developing and mature brain. On the other hand, a properly directed and limited inflammatory response is known to be a natural healing process after an insult in several other tissues. Thus, it is not surprising that research results illustrating benefits of neuroinflammation have been emerging over the past decade. Inflammation-mediated benefits for CNS outcomes include mechanisms such as neuroprotection, mobilization of neural precursors for repair, remyelination and axonal regeneration. Here, we review data that highlight the dual aspects of microglia with a focus on the developing brain, i.e. as aggressors potentiating damage and as helpers in the recovery process following CNS damage.
AbstractList Microglia, the resident immune cells of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), play a pivotal role in both physiological and pathological conditions such as the restoration of CNS integrity and the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Extensive data have been published that describe neuroinflammation by microglial activation to have detrimental consequences on the developing and mature brain. On the other hand, a properly directed and limited inflammatory response is known to be a natural healing process after an insult in several other tissues. Thus, it is not surprising that research results illustrating benefits of neuroinflammation have been emerging over the past decade. Inflammation-mediated benefits for CNS outcomes include mechanisms such as neuroprotection, mobilization of neural precursors for repair, remyelination and axonal regeneration. Here, we review data that highlight the dual aspects of microglia with a focus on the developing brain, i.e. as aggressors potentiating damage and as helpers in the recovery process following CNS damage.Microglia, the resident immune cells of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), play a pivotal role in both physiological and pathological conditions such as the restoration of CNS integrity and the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Extensive data have been published that describe neuroinflammation by microglial activation to have detrimental consequences on the developing and mature brain. On the other hand, a properly directed and limited inflammatory response is known to be a natural healing process after an insult in several other tissues. Thus, it is not surprising that research results illustrating benefits of neuroinflammation have been emerging over the past decade. Inflammation-mediated benefits for CNS outcomes include mechanisms such as neuroprotection, mobilization of neural precursors for repair, remyelination and axonal regeneration. Here, we review data that highlight the dual aspects of microglia with a focus on the developing brain, i.e. as aggressors potentiating damage and as helpers in the recovery process following CNS damage.
Microglia, the resident immune cells of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), play a pivotal role in both physiological and pathological conditions such as the restoration of CNS integrity and the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Extensive data have been published that describe neuroinflammation by microglial activation to have detrimental consequences on the developing and mature brain. On the other hand, a properly directed and limited inflammatory response is known to be a natural healing process after an insult in several other tissues. Thus, it is not surprising that research results illustrating benefits of neuroinflammation have been emerging over the past decade. Inflammation-mediated benefits for CNS outcomes include mechanisms such as neuroprotection, mobilization of neural precursors for repair, remyelination and axonal regeneration. Here, we review data that highlight the dual aspects of microglia with a focus on the developing brain, i.e. as aggressors potentiating damage and as helpers in the recovery process following CNS damage.
Microglia, the resident immune cells of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), play a pivotal role in both physiological and pathological conditions such as the restoration of CNS integrity and the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Extensive data have been published that describe neuroinflammation by microglial activation to have detrimental consequences on the developing and mature brain. On the other hand, a properly directed and limited inflammatory response is known to be a natural healing process after an insult in several other tissues. Thus, it is not surprising that research results illustrating benefits of neuroinflammation have been emerging over the past decade. Inflammation-mediated benefits for CNS outcomes include mechanisms such as neuroprotection, mobilization of neural precursors for repair, remyelination and axonal regeneration. Here, we review data that highlight the dual aspects of microglia with a focus on the developing brain, i.e. as aggressors potentiating damage and as helpers in the recovery process following CNS damage. Copyright © 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Microglia, the resident immune cells of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), play a pivotal role in both physiological and pathological conditions such as the restoration of CNS integrity and the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Extensive data have been published that describe neuroinflammation by microglial activation to have detrimental consequences on the developing and mature brain. On the other hand, a properly directed and limited inflammatory response is known to be a natural healing process after an insult in several other tissues. Thus, it is not surprising that research results illustrating benefits of neuroinflammation have been emerging over the past decade. Inflammation-mediated benefits for CNS outcomes include mechanisms such as neuroprotection, mobilization of neural precursors for repair, remyelination and axonal regeneration. Here, we review data that highlight the dual aspects of microglia with a focus on the developing brain, i.e. as aggressors potentiating damage and as helpers in the recovery process following CNS damage. Copyright [copy 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel
Author Czeh, Melinda
Gressens, Pierre
Kaindl, Angela M.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Melinda
  surname: Czeh
  fullname: Czeh, Melinda
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Pierre
  surname: Gressens
  fullname: Gressens, Pierre
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Angela M.
  surname: Kaindl
  fullname: Kaindl, Angela M.
  email: angela.kaindl@charite.de
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21757877$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 3-4
Keywords Brain
Neuroprotection
Inflammation
Neurodegeneration
Microglia
Language English
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Snippet Microglia, the resident immune cells of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), play a pivotal role in both physiological and pathological conditions such...
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SubjectTerms Aging - physiology
Brain - cytology
Brain - embryology
Brain - growth & development
Brain - pathology
Central Nervous System - cytology
Central Nervous System - immunology
Central Nervous System - pathology
Central Nervous System - physiology
Encephalitis - immunology
Encephalitis - pathology
Humans
Microglia - cytology
Microglia - physiology
Nerve Degeneration - pathology
Nerve Degeneration - physiopathology
Review
Title The Yin and Yang of Microglia
URI https://karger.com/doi/10.1159/000328989
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21757877
https://www.proquest.com/docview/914161524
https://www.proquest.com/docview/901641842
https://www.proquest.com/docview/911153848
Volume 33
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