Raman spectroscopy in forensic analysis: identification of cocaine and other illegal drugs of abuse

Current forensic methods for detecting and identifying cocaine and other drugs of abuse are destructive, so evidence cannot be re‐analyzed. Raman spectroscopy, based on inelastic light scattering, allows for rapid, inexpensive and nondestructive analysis in forensic science. This review presents the...

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Published inJournal of Raman spectroscopy Vol. 47; no. 1; pp. 28 - 38
Main Authors de Oliveira Penido, Ciro Augusto Fernandes, Pacheco, Marcos Tadeu Tavares, Lednev, Igor K., Silveira Jr, Landulfo
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Bognor Regis Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.01.2016
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Subjects
Cocaine
Drug abuse
Drugs
drugs of abuse
forensic applications
Forensic engineering
Forensic science
identification and quantification
Light scattering
Narcotics
Raman spectroscopy
Seizing
Spectrometers
Spectroscopy
Toxicology
Wavelengths
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Abstract Current forensic methods for detecting and identifying cocaine and other drugs of abuse are destructive, so evidence cannot be re‐analyzed. Raman spectroscopy, based on inelastic light scattering, allows for rapid, inexpensive and nondestructive analysis in forensic science. This review presents the state‐of‐the‐art use of Raman spectroscopy as a confirmatory method for the identification of cocaine and other drugs of abuse in seized samples, including hidden compounds in legal materials such as beverages and clothes, among others, used for trafficking. Quantitative Raman spectroscopy is used to determine the actual drug concentrations in street cocaine and crack rocks and to identify possible adulterants in these samples for forensic toxicology and criminalistics. Finally, recent developments in Raman spectrometers (portable instruments and new excitation wavelengths) and advancements in data analysis offer exciting opportunities for new applications of Raman spectroscopy in the identification and quantification of drugs of abuse, including investigations conducted immediately at the scene of a crime. Copyright © 2016 JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd. Current forensic methods for detecting and identifying cocaine and other drugs of abuse are destructive, so evidence cannot be re‐analyzed. Raman spectroscopy, based on inelastic light scattering, allows for rapid, inexpensive and nondestructive analysis in forensic science. This review presents the state‐of‐the‐art use of Raman spectroscopy as a confirmatory method for the identification of cocaine and other drugs of abuse in seized samples, including hidden compounds in legal materials such as beverages and clothes, among others, used for trafficking.
AbstractList Current forensic methods for detecting and identifying cocaine and other drugs of abuse are destructive, so evidence cannot be re‐analyzed. Raman spectroscopy, based on inelastic light scattering, allows for rapid, inexpensive and nondestructive analysis in forensic science. This review presents the state‐of‐the‐art use of Raman spectroscopy as a confirmatory method for the identification of cocaine and other drugs of abuse in seized samples, including hidden compounds in legal materials such as beverages and clothes, among others, used for trafficking. Quantitative Raman spectroscopy is used to determine the actual drug concentrations in street cocaine and crack rocks and to identify possible adulterants in these samples for forensic toxicology and criminalistics. Finally, recent developments in Raman spectrometers (portable instruments and new excitation wavelengths) and advancements in data analysis offer exciting opportunities for new applications of Raman spectroscopy in the identification and quantification of drugs of abuse, including investigations conducted immediately at the scene of a crime. Copyright © 2016 JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.
Current forensic methods for detecting and identifying cocaine and other drugs of abuse are destructive, so evidence cannot be re‐analyzed. Raman spectroscopy, based on inelastic light scattering, allows for rapid, inexpensive and nondestructive analysis in forensic science. This review presents the state‐of‐the‐art use of Raman spectroscopy as a confirmatory method for the identification of cocaine and other drugs of abuse in seized samples, including hidden compounds in legal materials such as beverages and clothes, among others, used for trafficking. Quantitative Raman spectroscopy is used to determine the actual drug concentrations in street cocaine and crack rocks and to identify possible adulterants in these samples for forensic toxicology and criminalistics. Finally, recent developments in Raman spectrometers (portable instruments and new excitation wavelengths) and advancements in data analysis offer exciting opportunities for new applications of Raman spectroscopy in the identification and quantification of drugs of abuse, including investigations conducted immediately at the scene of a crime. Copyright © 2016 JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd. Current forensic methods for detecting and identifying cocaine and other drugs of abuse are destructive, so evidence cannot be re‐analyzed. Raman spectroscopy, based on inelastic light scattering, allows for rapid, inexpensive and nondestructive analysis in forensic science. This review presents the state‐of‐the‐art use of Raman spectroscopy as a confirmatory method for the identification of cocaine and other drugs of abuse in seized samples, including hidden compounds in legal materials such as beverages and clothes, among others, used for trafficking.
Current forensic methods for detecting and identifying cocaine and other drugs of abuse are destructive, so evidence cannot be re-analyzed. Raman spectroscopy, based on inelastic light scattering, allows for rapid, inexpensive and nondestructive analysis in forensic science. This review presents the state-of-the-art use of Raman spectroscopy as a confirmatory method for the identification of cocaine and other drugs of abuse in seized samples, including hidden compounds in legal materials such as beverages and clothes, among others, used for trafficking. Quantitative Raman spectroscopy is used to determine the actual drug concentrations in street cocaine and crack rocks and to identify possible adulterants in these samples for forensic toxicology and criminalistics. Finally, recent developments in Raman spectrometers (portable instruments and new excitation wavelengths) and advancements in data analysis offer exciting opportunities for new applications of Raman spectroscopy in the identification and quantification of drugs of abuse, including investigations conducted immediately at the scene of a crime. Copyright copyright 2016 JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd. Current forensic methods for detecting and identifying cocaine and other drugs of abuse are destructive, so evidence cannot be re-analyzed. Raman spectroscopy, based on inelastic light scattering, allows for rapid, inexpensive and nondestructive analysis in forensic science. This review presents the state-of-the-art use of Raman spectroscopy as a confirmatory method for the identification of cocaine and other drugs of abuse in seized samples, including hidden compounds in legal materials such as beverages and clothes, among others, used for trafficking.
Author de Oliveira Penido, Ciro Augusto Fernandes
Lednev, Igor K.
Silveira Jr, Landulfo
Pacheco, Marcos Tadeu Tavares
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Ciro Augusto Fernandes
  surname: de Oliveira Penido
  fullname: de Oliveira Penido, Ciro Augusto Fernandes
  organization: Biomedical Engineering Institute, Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco - UNICASTELO, Estr. Dr. Altino Bondesan, 500, SP, 12247-016, São Jose dos Campos, Brazil
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Marcos Tadeu Tavares
  surname: Pacheco
  fullname: Pacheco, Marcos Tadeu Tavares
  organization: Biomedical Engineering Institute, Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco - UNICASTELO, Estr. Dr. Altino Bondesan, 500, 12247-016, São Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Igor K.
  surname: Lednev
  fullname: Lednev, Igor K.
  organization: Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, NY, 12222, Albany, USA
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Landulfo
  surname: Silveira Jr
  fullname: Silveira Jr, Landulfo
  email: Correspondence to: Landulfo Silveira Jr. Biomedical Engineering Institute, Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco - UNICASTELO, Estr. Dr. Altino Bondesan, 500, São Jose dos Campos, SP, 12247-016, Brazil., landulfo.silveira@gmail.com
  organization: Biomedical Engineering Institute, Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco - UNICASTELO, Estr. Dr. Altino Bondesan, 500, SP, 12247-016, São Jose dos Campos, Brazil
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Notes Raman spectra of a crystal of pure cocaine HCl into the surface of the nail and a microphotography of the crystal into the nail surface. Adapted from Ali et al.,36 with permission from Springer-Verlag.Top: scanning electron micrograph of wool impregnated with cocaine HCl. Bottom: Raman spectra of wool impregnated with amphetamine (A and B), cocaine (C and D), MDMA (E and F) and wool (G). Adapted from Ali and Edwards,48 with permission from John Wiley & Sons.Raman (a) and SERS (b) spectra of morphine and Raman (c) and SERS (d) spectra of codeine. SERS were obtained using Ag colloid and 633 nm excitation. Adapted from Rana et al.,53 with permission from John Wiley & Sons.Raman spectra of ethanol, diethyl ether, Coleman fuel and MET HCl from the study of Triplett et al.,63 with permission from John Wiley & Sons.Raman spectra of a sample of rum and a mixture of 70% purity cocaine and rum taken through the brown glass bottle. From Eliasson et al.,85 with permission from the authors.
São Paulo Research Foundation - FAPESP - No. 2009/01788-5
National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice - No. 2014-DN-BX-K016
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PublicationTitle Journal of Raman spectroscopy
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2001
2000
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2014; 6
2012; 216
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2014
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Snippet Current forensic methods for detecting and identifying cocaine and other drugs of abuse are destructive, so evidence cannot be re‐analyzed. Raman spectroscopy,...
Current forensic methods for detecting and identifying cocaine and other drugs of abuse are destructive, so evidence cannot be re-analyzed. Raman spectroscopy,...
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SubjectTerms Cocaine
Drug abuse
Drugs
drugs of abuse
forensic applications
Forensic engineering
Forensic science
identification and quantification
Light scattering
Narcotics
Raman spectroscopy
Seizing
Spectrometers
Spectroscopy
Toxicology
Wavelengths
Title Raman spectroscopy in forensic analysis: identification of cocaine and other illegal drugs of abuse
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https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2Fjrs.4864
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