What makes you so sure? Effects of epistemic motivations on judgmental confidence
Three experiments examined the effects of motivational variables on the epistemic (or knowledge acquisition) process. The motivations considered were need for cognitive structure and fear of invalidity, and the epistemic phenomena studied were subjective confidence and hypothesis generation. In the...
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| Published in | Organizational behavior and human decision processes Vol. 39; no. 2; pp. 162 - 183 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Amsterdam
Elsevier Inc
01.04.1987
Elsevier Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc |
| Series | Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Three experiments examined the effects of motivational variables on the epistemic (or knowledge acquisition) process. The motivations considered were need for cognitive structure and fear of invalidity, and the epistemic phenomena studied were subjective confidence and hypothesis generation. In the first experiment a tachistoscopic task was employed to examine the effects of fear of invalidity upon (1) subjects' initial and final confidence in a hypothesis and (2) shifts in confidence occasioned by successive items of new information. The second experiment replicated and extended the first by investigating the effects of need for structure over and above those of fear of invalidity. The third experiment employed an object recognition task and investigated the process of hypothesis generation assumed to mediate motivational effects on subjective confidence. It was found that both initial confidence and informationally induced confidence shifts were of higher magnitude when subjects' need for structure was high rather than low, and when subjects' fear of invalidity was low rather than high. Furthermore, the number of alternate hypotheses generated was higher under high (versus low) fear of invalidity, and low (vs high) need for structure. The above findings were discussed in reference to Kruglanski's theory of lay epistemology. |
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| AbstractList | Three experiments examined the effects of motivational variables on the epistemic (or knowledge acquisition) process. The motivations considered were need for cognitive structure and fear of invalidity, and the epistemic phenomena studied were subjective confidence and hypothesis generation. In the first experiment a tachistoscopic task was employed to examine the effects of fear of invalidity upon (1) subjects' initial and final confidence in a hypothesis and (2) shifts in confidence occasioned by successive items of new information. The second experiment replicated and extended the first by investigating the effects of need for structure over and above those of fear of invalidity. The third experiment employed an object recognition task and investigated the process of hypothesis generation assumed to mediate motivational effects on subjective confidence. It was found that both initial confidence and informationally induced confidence shifts were of higher magnitude when subjects' need for structure was high rather than low, and when subjects' fear of invalidity was low rather than high. Furthermore, the number of alternate hypotheses generated was higher under high (versus low) fear of invalidity, and low (vs high) need for structure. The above findings were discussed in reference to Kruglanski's theory of lay epistemology. Three experiments examine the effects of motivational variables on the epistemic process. In the first experiment, a tachistoscopic task is implied to examine the effects of fear of invalidity on: 1. subjects' initial and final confidence in a hypothesis, and 2. shifts in confidence occasioned by successive items of new information. The 2nd experiment investigates the effects of need for structure over and above those of fear of invalidity. The 3rd experiment investigates the process of hypothesis generation assumed to mediate motivational effects on subjective confidence. It is found that both initial confidence and informationally induced confidence shifts are of higher magnitude when subjects' need for structure is high rather than low and when subjects' fear of invalidity is low rather than high. Also, the number of alternate hypotheses generated is higher under high (versus low) fear of invalidity and low (versus high) need for structure. The findings are discussed in reference to Kruglanski's theory of lay epistemology. |
| Author | Kruglanski, Arie W Mayseless, Ofra |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ofra surname: Mayseless fullname: Mayseless, Ofra – sequence: 2 givenname: Arie W surname: Kruglanski fullname: Kruglanski, Arie W |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1111/j.1468-5914.1982.tb00450.x 10.1002/ejsp.2420130102 10.1177/0146167285114013 10.1016/0030-5073(80)90028-8 10.1037/0022-3514.46.3.503 10.1007/BF00330065 10.1037/0033-295X.87.1.70 10.1016/0022-1031(83)90022-7 10.1037/0278-7393.6.2.107 10.1037/0022-3514.36.11.1202 10.1016/0030-5073(83)90123-X 10.1016/0022-1031(83)90016-1 10.1016/0030-5073(73)90021-4 10.1037/0033-295X.90.3.239 10.1016/0030-5073(78)90019-3 10.1016/0030-5073(73)90023-8 10.1016/0030-5073(79)90018-7 10.1016/0030-5073(73)90022-6 |
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| Copyright | 1987 1987 INIST-CNRS Copyright Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. Apr 1987 |
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| Keywords | Impression formation Human Social perception Epistemology Motivation Attitude Confidence Decision making Methodological bias Social desirability Social cognition Judgment |
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| Snippet | Three experiments examined the effects of motivational variables on the epistemic (or knowledge acquisition) process. The motivations considered were need for... Three experiments examine the effects of motivational variables on the epistemic process. In the first experiment, a tachistoscopic task is implied to examine... |
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| SubjectTerms | Behavior. Attitude Biological and medical sciences Confidence Decision making Experiments Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Hypotheses Judgments Motivation Organizational behavior Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Social psychology Studies |
| Title | What makes you so sure? Effects of epistemic motivations on judgmental confidence |
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