How to calculate the age at formation of Harris lines? A step-by-step review of current methods and a proposal for modifications to Byers’ formulas
Harris lines (HL; also known as “growth arrest lines” or “transverse radiopaque lines”) are horizontal sclerotic lines formed in the metaphyseal or diaphyseal part of long bones, usually visualized using X-ray images. Among the factors that may lead to a temporary arrest of bone growth (and thus—to...
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| Published in | Archaeological and anthropological sciences Vol. 11; no. 4; pp. 1169 - 1185 |
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| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Berlin/Heidelberg
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
01.04.2019
Springer Nature B.V |
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| Abstract | Harris lines (HL; also known as “growth arrest lines” or “transverse radiopaque lines”) are horizontal sclerotic lines formed in the metaphyseal or diaphyseal part of long bones, usually visualized using X-ray images. Among the factors that may lead to a temporary arrest of bone growth (and thus—to HL deposition), the most commonly mentioned are nutritional disorders (malnutrition, protein, vitamin, and mineral deficiencies), a history of smallpox, pneumonia or other diseases, food poisoning, or alcohol abuse. The position of the HL is related to the period of incidence of physiological stress inhibiting bone growth, which enables the estimation of the age at which the subject was exposed to it. Such information can be valuable in the study on archeological populations; therefore, various methods have been developed to determine the age of HL deposition. In this review, six known methods for calculating the age of HL origin are presented and compared: Allison/McHenry, Hunt and Hatch, Clarke, Hummert and van Gerven, and Maat and Byers’ methods. In addition, the authors propose here a modification to the last method in order to enable calculations on non-adult bones. |
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| AbstractList | Harris lines (HL; also known as “growth arrest lines” or “transverse radiopaque lines”) are horizontal sclerotic lines formed in the metaphyseal or diaphyseal part of long bones, usually visualized using X-ray images. Among the factors that may lead to a temporary arrest of bone growth (and thus—to HL deposition), the most commonly mentioned are nutritional disorders (malnutrition, protein, vitamin, and mineral deficiencies), a history of smallpox, pneumonia or other diseases, food poisoning, or alcohol abuse. The position of the HL is related to the period of incidence of physiological stress inhibiting bone growth, which enables the estimation of the age at which the subject was exposed to it. Such information can be valuable in the study on archeological populations; therefore, various methods have been developed to determine the age of HL deposition. In this review, six known methods for calculating the age of HL origin are presented and compared: Allison/McHenry, Hunt and Hatch, Clarke, Hummert and van Gerven, and Maat and Byers’ methods. In addition, the authors propose here a modification to the last method in order to enable calculations on non-adult bones. |
| Author | Dąbrowski, Paweł Kulus, Michał Jerzy |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Michał Jerzy orcidid: 0000-0002-3014-6946 surname: Kulus fullname: Kulus, Michał Jerzy email: mkulus@gmail.com organization: Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University – sequence: 2 givenname: Paweł orcidid: 0000-0001-6016-9201 surname: Dąbrowski fullname: Dąbrowski, Paweł organization: Division of Normal Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1002_oa_3340 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jasrep_2025_105007 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jasrep_2023_103945 crossref_primary_10_3390_ani13040626 crossref_primary_10_1537_ase_231105 crossref_primary_10_5435_JAAOS_D_22_00515 crossref_primary_10_1002_oa_3004 crossref_primary_10_3390_life14040501 crossref_primary_10_1002_oa_3095 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmed_2024_1492328 |
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| Snippet | Harris lines (HL; also known as “growth arrest lines” or “transverse radiopaque lines”) are horizontal sclerotic lines formed in the metaphyseal or diaphyseal... |
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| SubjectTerms | Age Alcohol abuse Alcohols Anthropology Archaeology Arrests Bones Chemistry/Food Science Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Food contamination Food contamination & poisoning Geography Life Sciences Malnutrition Nutrient deficiency Pneumonia Review Smallpox |
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| Title | How to calculate the age at formation of Harris lines? A step-by-step review of current methods and a proposal for modifications to Byers’ formulas |
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