Evaluation of the effects induced by dietary diphenyl diselenide on common carp Cyprinus carpio

• Published in: Fish physiology and biochemistry Vol. 40; no. 1; pp. 141 - 149
• Main Authors: Menezes, Charlene, Leitemperger, Jossiele, Santi, Adriana, Dias, Glaecir, Pedron, Fábio Araújo, Neto, João Radünz, Salman, Syed Mahammad, Barbosa, Nilda Berenice Vargas, Loro, Vania Lucia
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer-Verlag 01.02.2014; Springer Netherlands; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: acetylcholinesterase; Acetylcholinesterase - metabolism; Animal Anatomy; Animal Biochemistry; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animal Physiology; Animals; antioxidant activity; Aquaculture; ascorbic acid; Benzene Derivatives - administration & dosage; Benzene Derivatives - adverse effects; Biomedical and Life Sciences; biphenyl; Body Weight - drug effects; brain; Carbonyl compounds; Carp; Carps; Catalase - metabolism; Cyprinus carpio; Diet; Dietary supplements; Freshwater; Freshwater & Marine Ecology; gills; Glutathione Transferase - metabolism; growth retardation; Histology; Life Sciences; lipid peroxidation; liver; Liver - drug effects; Liver - enzymology; Morphology; Nutrition; Organoselenium Compounds - administration & dosage; Organoselenium Compounds - adverse effects; Peroxidation; Porphobilinogen Synthase - blood; Protein Carbonylation - drug effects; Selenium; Sulfhydryl Compounds - metabolism; superoxide dismutase; Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances - metabolism; thiols; Toxicity; Zoology; Brazil; Diphenyl diselenide; Oxidative stress; Carp; Antioxidant
• ISSN: 0920-1742; 1573-5168
• DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9831-5

Several diets employed in aquaculture are enriched with selenium (Se), as it is a fundamental element to aquatic vertebrates. Diphenyl diselenide [(PhSe)₂], which is a synthetic organoselenium compound, has been considered a potential antioxidant agent in different experimental models. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary diphenyl diselenide at concentrations of 1.5, 3.0, and 5.0 mg/kg for 60 days and to determine its optimal supplemental level for carp, Cyprinus carpio. Neither growth retardation nor hepatoxicity was induced by the inclusion of diphenyl diselenide at concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 5.0 mg/kg. In addition, the inclusion of 3.0 mg/kg of diphenyl diselenide stimulated the weight and length of the carp. The supplementation with 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg of diphenyl diselenide did not produce oxidative damage in the tissues, verified by peroxidation lipid and protein carbonyl assays. However, at 5.0 mg/kg, it caused an increase of the lipid peroxidation in the liver, brain, and muscle, and inhibited the cerebral acetylcholinesterase activity. An increase of the hepatic superoxide dismutase activity and non-protein thiols content in all tissues and ascorbic acid in the liver, gills, and brain was verified in carp fed with the diet containing 3.0 mg/kg of diphenyl diselenide. This diet had advantageous effects for the fish used in experiments. Therefore, this compound could be considered a beneficial dietary supplement for carp nutrition.