Underrepresented Minorities in General Surgery Residency: Analysis of Interviewed Applicants, Residents, and Core Teaching Faculty
The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires diversity in residency. The self-identified race/ethnicities of general surgery applicants, residents, and core teaching faculty were assessed to evaluate underrepresented minority (URM) representation in surgery residency pro...
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Published in | Journal of the American College of Surgeons Vol. 231; no. 1; pp. 54 - 58 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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United States
Elsevier Inc
01.07.2020
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Abstract | The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires diversity in residency. The self-identified race/ethnicities of general surgery applicants, residents, and core teaching faculty were assessed to evaluate underrepresented minority (URM) representation in surgery residency programs and to determine the impact of URM faculty and residents on URM applicants’ selection for interview or match.
Data from the 2018 application cycle were collated for 10 general surgery programs. Applicants without a self-identified race/ethnicity were excluded. URMs were defined as those identifying as black/African American, Hispanic/Latino/of Spanish origin, and American Indian/Alaskan Native/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander-Samoan. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and a multivariate model.
Ten surgery residency programs received 9,143 applications from 3,067 unique applicants. Applications from white, Asian, Hispanic/Latino, black/African American, and American Indian applicants constituted 66%, 19%, 8%, 7% and 1%, respectively, of those applications selected to interview and 66%, 13%, 11%, 8%, and 2%, respectively, of applications resulting in a match. Among programs’ 272 core faculty and 318 current residents, 10% and 21%, respectively, were identified as URMs. As faculty diversity increased, there was no difference in selection to interview for URM (odds ratio [OR] 0.83; 95% CI 0.54 to 1.28, per 10% increase in faculty diversity) or non-URM applicants (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.57 to 0.81). Similarly, greater URM representation among current residents did not affect the likelihood of being selected for an interview for URM (OR 1.20; 95%CI 0.90 to 1.61) vs non-URM applicants (OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.45). Current resident and faculty URM representation was correlated (r = 0.8; p = 0.005).
Programs with a greater proportion of URM core faculty or residents did not select a greater proportion of URM applicants for interview. However, core faculty and resident racial diversity were correlated. Recruitment of racially/ethnically diverse trainees and faculty will require ongoing analysis to develop effective recruitment strategies.
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AbstractList | BACKGROUNDThe Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires diversity in residency. The self-identified race/ethnicities of general surgery applicants, residents, and core teaching faculty were assessed to evaluate underrepresented minority (URM) representation in surgery residency programs and to determine the impact of URM faculty and residents on URM applicants' selection for interview or match. STUDY DESIGNData from the 2018 application cycle were collated for 10 general surgery programs. Applicants without a self-identified race/ethnicity were excluded. URMs were defined as those identifying as black/African American, Hispanic/Latino/of Spanish origin, and American Indian/Alaskan Native/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander-Samoan. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and a multivariate model. RESULTSTen surgery residency programs received 9,143 applications from 3,067 unique applicants. Applications from white, Asian, Hispanic/Latino, black/African American, and American Indian applicants constituted 66%, 19%, 8%, 7% and 1%, respectively, of those applications selected to interview and 66%, 13%, 11%, 8%, and 2%, respectively, of applications resulting in a match. Among programs' 272 core faculty and 318 current residents, 10% and 21%, respectively, were identified as URMs. As faculty diversity increased, there was no difference in selection to interview for URM (odds ratio [OR] 0.83; 95% CI 0.54 to 1.28, per 10% increase in faculty diversity) or non-URM applicants (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.57 to 0.81). Similarly, greater URM representation among current residents did not affect the likelihood of being selected for an interview for URM (OR 1.20; 95%CI 0.90 to 1.61) vs non-URM applicants (OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.45). Current resident and faculty URM representation was correlated (r = 0.8; p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONSPrograms with a greater proportion of URM core faculty or residents did not select a greater proportion of URM applicants for interview. However, core faculty and resident racial diversity were correlated. Recruitment of racially/ethnically diverse trainees and faculty will require ongoing analysis to develop effective recruitment strategies. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires diversity in residency. The self-identified race/ethnicities of general surgery applicants, residents, and core teaching faculty were assessed to evaluate underrepresented minority (URM) representation in surgery residency programs and to determine the impact of URM faculty and residents on URM applicants’ selection for interview or match. Data from the 2018 application cycle were collated for 10 general surgery programs. Applicants without a self-identified race/ethnicity were excluded. URMs were defined as those identifying as black/African American, Hispanic/Latino/of Spanish origin, and American Indian/Alaskan Native/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander-Samoan. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and a multivariate model. Ten surgery residency programs received 9,143 applications from 3,067 unique applicants. Applications from white, Asian, Hispanic/Latino, black/African American, and American Indian applicants constituted 66%, 19%, 8%, 7% and 1%, respectively, of those applications selected to interview and 66%, 13%, 11%, 8%, and 2%, respectively, of applications resulting in a match. Among programs’ 272 core faculty and 318 current residents, 10% and 21%, respectively, were identified as URMs. As faculty diversity increased, there was no difference in selection to interview for URM (odds ratio [OR] 0.83; 95% CI 0.54 to 1.28, per 10% increase in faculty diversity) or non-URM applicants (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.57 to 0.81). Similarly, greater URM representation among current residents did not affect the likelihood of being selected for an interview for URM (OR 1.20; 95%CI 0.90 to 1.61) vs non-URM applicants (OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.45). Current resident and faculty URM representation was correlated (r = 0.8; p = 0.005). Programs with a greater proportion of URM core faculty or residents did not select a greater proportion of URM applicants for interview. However, core faculty and resident racial diversity were correlated. Recruitment of racially/ethnically diverse trainees and faculty will require ongoing analysis to develop effective recruitment strategies. [Display omitted] The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires diversity in residency. The self-identified race/ethnicities of general surgery applicants, residents, and core teaching faculty were assessed to evaluate underrepresented minority (URM) representation in surgery residency programs and to determine the impact of URM faculty and residents on URM applicants' selection for interview or match. Data from the 2018 application cycle were collated for 10 general surgery programs. Applicants without a self-identified race/ethnicity were excluded. URMs were defined as those identifying as black/African American, Hispanic/Latino/of Spanish origin, and American Indian/Alaskan Native/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander-Samoan. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and a multivariate model. Ten surgery residency programs received 9,143 applications from 3,067 unique applicants. Applications from white, Asian, Hispanic/Latino, black/African American, and American Indian applicants constituted 66%, 19%, 8%, 7% and 1%, respectively, of those applications selected to interview and 66%, 13%, 11%, 8%, and 2%, respectively, of applications resulting in a match. Among programs' 272 core faculty and 318 current residents, 10% and 21%, respectively, were identified as URMs. As faculty diversity increased, there was no difference in selection to interview for URM (odds ratio [OR] 0.83; 95% CI 0.54 to 1.28, per 10% increase in faculty diversity) or non-URM applicants (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.57 to 0.81). Similarly, greater URM representation among current residents did not affect the likelihood of being selected for an interview for URM (OR 1.20; 95%CI 0.90 to 1.61) vs non-URM applicants (OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.45). Current resident and faculty URM representation was correlated (r = 0.8; p = 0.005). Programs with a greater proportion of URM core faculty or residents did not select a greater proportion of URM applicants for interview. However, core faculty and resident racial diversity were correlated. Recruitment of racially/ethnically diverse trainees and faculty will require ongoing analysis to develop effective recruitment strategies. |
Author | Joshi, Amit R.T. Smink, Douglas S. Nfonsam, Valentine Green, John M. Borgert, Andrew J. Melcher, Marc L. Kallies, Kara J. Jarman, Benjamin T. Sarosi, George A. Chang, Lily Greenberg, Jacob A. Whiting, James |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Benjamin T. surname: Jarman fullname: Jarman, Benjamin T. email: btjarman@gundersenhealth.org organization: Department of General Surgery, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, WI – sequence: 2 givenname: Andrew J. surname: Borgert fullname: Borgert, Andrew J. organization: Department of Medical Research, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, WI – sequence: 3 givenname: Kara J. surname: Kallies fullname: Kallies, Kara J. organization: Department of Medical Research, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, WI – sequence: 4 givenname: Amit R.T. surname: Joshi fullname: Joshi, Amit R.T. organization: Department of Surgery, Einstein Healthcare Network, Philadelphia, PA – sequence: 5 givenname: Douglas S. surname: Smink fullname: Smink, Douglas S. organization: Department of Surgery, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA – sequence: 6 givenname: George A. surname: Sarosi fullname: Sarosi, George A. organization: Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL – sequence: 7 givenname: Lily surname: Chang fullname: Chang, Lily organization: Department of General Surgery, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA – sequence: 8 givenname: John M. surname: Green fullname: Green, John M. organization: Department of General Surgery, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC – sequence: 9 givenname: Jacob A. surname: Greenberg fullname: Greenberg, Jacob A. organization: Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI – sequence: 10 givenname: Marc L. surname: Melcher fullname: Melcher, Marc L. organization: Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA – sequence: 11 givenname: Valentine surname: Nfonsam fullname: Nfonsam, Valentine organization: Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ – sequence: 12 givenname: James surname: Whiting fullname: Whiting, James organization: Department of Surgery, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME |
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References | Jarman, Kallies, Joshi (bib2) 2019; 76 Ku, Li, Prober (bib7) 2011; 213 West, Hwang, Maier (bib12) 2018; 268 Shellito, Osland, Helmer, Chang (bib8) 2010; 199 de Virgilio, Yaghoubian, Kaji (bib9) 2010; 145 Butler, Aarons, Ahn (bib13) 2019; 269 Morrison, Grbic (bib6) bib3 bib1 Traylor, Schmittdiel, Uratsu (bib5) 2010; 45 Saha, Taggart, Komaromy, Bindman (bib4) 2000; 19 Butler, Longaker, Britt (bib11) 2008; 248 Abelson, Wong, Symer (bib10) 2018; 216 32560851 - J Am Coll Surg. 2020 Jul;231(1):58-60 |
References_xml | – volume: 145 start-page: 852 year: 2010 end-page: 856 ident: bib9 article-title: Predicting performance on the American Board of Surgery qualifying and certifying examinations: a multi-institutional study publication-title: Arch Surg contributor: fullname: Kaji – volume: 19 start-page: 76 year: 2000 end-page: 83 ident: bib4 article-title: Do patients choose physicians of their own race? publication-title: Health Aff (Millwood) contributor: fullname: Bindman – ident: bib1 article-title: Common program requirements (residency) – volume: 76 start-page: e15 year: 2019 end-page: e23 ident: bib2 article-title: Underrepresented minorities are underrepresented among general surgery applicants selected to interview publication-title: J Surg Educ contributor: fullname: Joshi – volume: 213 start-page: 294 year: 2011 end-page: 305 ident: bib7 article-title: Decisions, decisions: how program diversity influences residency program choice publication-title: J Am Coll Surg contributor: fullname: Prober – ident: bib3 article-title: Underrepresented in medicine definition – volume: 268 start-page: 403 year: 2018 end-page: 407 ident: bib12 article-title: Ensuring equity, diversity and inclusion in academic surgery: an American Surgical Association white paper publication-title: Ann Surg contributor: fullname: Maier – ident: bib6 article-title: AAMC Analysis In Brief. The relationship between racial and ethnic diversity in a class and students’ perceptions of having learned from others contributor: fullname: Grbic – volume: 216 start-page: 678 year: 2018 end-page: 682 ident: bib10 article-title: Racial and ethnic disparities in promotion and retention of academic surgeons publication-title: Am J Surg contributor: fullname: Symer – volume: 269 start-page: 1012 year: 2019 end-page: 1015 ident: bib13 article-title: Leading from the front: an approach to increasing racial and ethnic diversity in surgical training programs publication-title: Ann Surg contributor: fullname: Ahn – volume: 45 start-page: 792 year: 2010 end-page: 805 ident: bib5 article-title: The predictors of patient-physician race and ethnic concordance: a medical facility fixed-effects approach publication-title: Health Serv Res contributor: fullname: Uratsu – volume: 199 start-page: 216 year: 2010 end-page: 222 ident: bib8 article-title: American Board of Surgery examinations: can we identify surgery residency applicants and residents who will pass the examinations on the first attempt? publication-title: Am J Surg contributor: fullname: Chang – volume: 248 start-page: 704 year: 2008 end-page: 711 ident: bib11 article-title: Major deficit in the number of underrepresented minority academic surgeons persists publication-title: Ann Surg contributor: fullname: Britt |
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Snippet | The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires diversity in residency. The self-identified race/ethnicities of general surgery... BACKGROUNDThe Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires diversity in residency. The self-identified race/ethnicities of general... |
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SubjectTerms | Adult Education, Medical, Graduate - methods Ethnic Groups Faculty, Medical Female General Surgery - education Humans Internship and Residency - methods Male Middle Aged Minority Groups Retrospective Studies United States |
Title | Underrepresented Minorities in General Surgery Residency: Analysis of Interviewed Applicants, Residents, and Core Teaching Faculty |
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