Optimizing the breadth of SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies in vivo and in silico

Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, the ongoing arms race between mutating viruses and human antibodies has revealed several novel strategies by which antibodies adapt to viral escape. While SARS-CoV-2 viruses exhibit high variability in epitopes targeted by neutralizing antibodies, certain epitopes...

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Published inHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics Vol. 21; no. 1; p. 2526873
Main Authors Kuroda, Daisuke, Moriyama, Saya, Sasaki, Hiroaki, Takahashi, Yoshimasa
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Taylor & Francis 01.12.2025
Taylor & Francis Group
Subjects
Animals
Antibodies, Neutralizing - immunology
Antibodies, Viral - immunology
antibody
B-cell
Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies - immunology
Computer Simulation
Coronavirus
COVID-19 - immunology
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 Vaccines - immunology
Epitopes - immunology
germline gene
Humans
repertoire
Review
SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 - immunology
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology
vaccine
SARS-CoV-2
vaccine
antibody
B-cell
germline gene
computational design
repertoire
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Abstract Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, the ongoing arms race between mutating viruses and human antibodies has revealed several novel strategies by which antibodies adapt to viral escape. While SARS-CoV-2 viruses exhibit high variability in epitopes targeted by neutralizing antibodies, certain epitopes remain conserved owing to their essential roles on viral fitness. Antibodies can acquire broadly neutralizing activity by targeting these vulnerable sites through affinity-based somatic evolution of immunoglobulin genes. Notably, the specificity encoded in antibody germline genes also plays a fundamental role in acquiring the breadth. In-depth genetic and structural analyses of the antibody repertoires have uncovered multiple strategies for adapting to evolving targets. The integration of large-scale antibody datasets with computational approaches increases the feasibility and efficiency of designing broadly neutralizing antibody therapeutics from ancestral antibody clones with limited initial efficacy. In this review, we discuss strategies to optimize antibody breadth for the development of broadly neutralizing antibody therapeutics and vaccine antigens.
AbstractList Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, the ongoing arms race between mutating viruses and human antibodies has revealed several novel strategies by which antibodies adapt to viral escape. While SARS-CoV-2 viruses exhibit high variability in epitopes targeted by neutralizing antibodies, certain epitopes remain conserved owing to their essential roles on viral fitness. Antibodies can acquire broadly neutralizing activity by targeting these vulnerable sites through affinity-based somatic evolution of immunoglobulin genes. Notably, the specificity encoded in antibody germline genes also plays a fundamental role in acquiring the breadth. In-depth genetic and structural analyses of the antibody repertoires have uncovered multiple strategies for adapting to evolving targets. The integration of large-scale antibody datasets with computational approaches increases the feasibility and efficiency of designing broadly neutralizing antibody therapeutics from ancestral antibody clones with limited initial efficacy. In this review, we discuss strategies to optimize antibody breadth for the development of broadly neutralizing antibody therapeutics and vaccine antigens.
Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, the ongoing arms race between mutating viruses and human antibodies has revealed several novel strategies by which antibodies adapt to viral escape. While SARS-CoV-2 viruses exhibit high variability in epitopes targeted by neutralizing antibodies, certain epitopes remain conserved owing to their essential roles on viral fitness. Antibodies can acquire broadly neutralizing activity by targeting these vulnerable sites through affinity-based somatic evolution of immunoglobulin genes. Notably, the specificity encoded in antibody germline genes also plays a fundamental role in acquiring the breadth. In-depth genetic and structural analyses of the antibody repertoires have uncovered multiple strategies for adapting to evolving targets. The integration of large-scale antibody datasets with computational approaches increases the feasibility and efficiency of designing broadly neutralizing antibody therapeutics from ancestral antibody clones with limited initial efficacy. In this review, we discuss strategies to optimize antibody breadth for the development of broadly neutralizing antibody therapeutics and vaccine antigens.Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, the ongoing arms race between mutating viruses and human antibodies has revealed several novel strategies by which antibodies adapt to viral escape. While SARS-CoV-2 viruses exhibit high variability in epitopes targeted by neutralizing antibodies, certain epitopes remain conserved owing to their essential roles on viral fitness. Antibodies can acquire broadly neutralizing activity by targeting these vulnerable sites through affinity-based somatic evolution of immunoglobulin genes. Notably, the specificity encoded in antibody germline genes also plays a fundamental role in acquiring the breadth. In-depth genetic and structural analyses of the antibody repertoires have uncovered multiple strategies for adapting to evolving targets. The integration of large-scale antibody datasets with computational approaches increases the feasibility and efficiency of designing broadly neutralizing antibody therapeutics from ancestral antibody clones with limited initial efficacy. In this review, we discuss strategies to optimize antibody breadth for the development of broadly neutralizing antibody therapeutics and vaccine antigens.
Author Moriyama, Saya
Kuroda, Daisuke
Takahashi, Yoshimasa
Sasaki, Hiroaki
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Keywords SARS-CoV-2
vaccine
antibody
B-cell
germline gene
computational design
repertoire
Language English
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Snippet Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, the ongoing arms race between mutating viruses and human antibodies has revealed several novel strategies by which...
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SubjectTerms Animals
Antibodies, Neutralizing - immunology
Antibodies, Viral - immunology
antibody
B-cell
Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies - immunology
Computer Simulation
Coronavirus
COVID-19 - immunology
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 Vaccines - immunology
Epitopes - immunology
germline gene
Humans
repertoire
Review
SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 - immunology
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology
vaccine
Title Optimizing the breadth of SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies in vivo and in silico
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40690731
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3232178459
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC12285597
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Volume 21
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