Contrast medium volume to creatinine clearance ratio: A predictor of contrast-induced nephropathy in the first 72 hours following percutaneous coronary intervention
Objectives: To investigate the predictive value of the contrast media volume to creatinine clearance (V/CrCl) ratio for the risk of contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) (i.e., within 48–72 hr) and to determine a relatively safe V/CrCl cut‐off value to avoid CIN in patients following percutaneous coron...
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Published in | Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions Vol. 79; no. 1; pp. 70 - 75 |
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Abstract | Objectives: To investigate the predictive value of the contrast media volume to creatinine clearance (V/CrCl) ratio for the risk of contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) (i.e., within 48–72 hr) and to determine a relatively safe V/CrCl cut‐off value to avoid CIN in patients following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background: The V/CrCl ratio is a pharmacokinetic risk factor for an early abnormal increase in serum creatinine (i.e., within 24 hr) after PCI. Methods: V/CrCl ratios were obtained from 1,140 consecutive consenting patients after unselective PCI. Receiver‐operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify the optimal sensitivity for the observed range of V/CrCl. The predictive value of V/CrCl for the risk of CIN was assessed using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Fifty‐five (4.8%) patients out of 1,140 developed CIN. There was a significant association between higher V/CrCl ratio values and risk of CIN in the overall population: 1.4%, 1.4%, 5.7%, and 10.9% for quartile 1 (Q1) of the V/CrCl value (<1.56, n = 283), Q2 (1.56–2.27, n = 289), Q3 (2.28–3.42, n = 282), and Q4 (>3.42, n = 285) of contrast, respectively (P < 0.001). ROC curve analysis indicated that a V/CrCl ratio of 2.62 was a fair discriminator for CIN (C‐statistic 0.73). After adjusting for other known predictors of CIN, V/CrCl ratios > 2.62 remained significantly associated with CIN (odds ratio: 2.20; 95% confidence interval: 1.00–4.81, P < 0.05). Conclusion: A V/CrCl ratio > 2.62 was a significant and independent predictor of CIN after PCI in unselected patients. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc |
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AbstractList | To investigate the predictive value of the contrast media volume to creatinine clearance (V/CrCl) ratio for the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) (i.e., within 48-72 hr) and to determine a relatively safe V/CrCl cut-off value to avoid CIN in patients following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).OBJECTIVESTo investigate the predictive value of the contrast media volume to creatinine clearance (V/CrCl) ratio for the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) (i.e., within 48-72 hr) and to determine a relatively safe V/CrCl cut-off value to avoid CIN in patients following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).The V/CrCl ratio is a pharmacokinetic risk factor for an early abnormal increase in serum creatinine (i.e., within 24 hr) after PCI.BACKGROUNDThe V/CrCl ratio is a pharmacokinetic risk factor for an early abnormal increase in serum creatinine (i.e., within 24 hr) after PCI.V/CrCl ratios were obtained from 1,140 consecutive consenting patients after unselective PCI. Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify the optimal sensitivity for the observed range of V/CrCl. The predictive value of V/CrCl for the risk of CIN was assessed using multivariate logistic regression.METHODSV/CrCl ratios were obtained from 1,140 consecutive consenting patients after unselective PCI. Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify the optimal sensitivity for the observed range of V/CrCl. The predictive value of V/CrCl for the risk of CIN was assessed using multivariate logistic regression.Fifty-five (4.8%) patients out of 1,140 developed CIN. There was a significant association between higher V/CrCl ratio values and risk of CIN in the overall population: 1.4%, 1.4%, 5.7%, and 10.9% for quartile 1 (Q1) of the V/CrCl value (<1.56, n = 283), Q2 (1.56-2.27, n = 289), Q3 (2.28-3.42, n = 282), and Q4 (>3.42, n = 285) of contrast, respectively (P < 0.001). ROC curve analysis indicated that a V/CrCl ratio of 2.62 was a fair discriminator for CIN (C-statistic 0.73). After adjusting for other known predictors of CIN, V/CrCl ratios > 2.62 remained significantly associated with CIN (odds ratio: 2.20; 95% confidence interval: 1.00-4.81, P < 0.05).RESULTSFifty-five (4.8%) patients out of 1,140 developed CIN. There was a significant association between higher V/CrCl ratio values and risk of CIN in the overall population: 1.4%, 1.4%, 5.7%, and 10.9% for quartile 1 (Q1) of the V/CrCl value (<1.56, n = 283), Q2 (1.56-2.27, n = 289), Q3 (2.28-3.42, n = 282), and Q4 (>3.42, n = 285) of contrast, respectively (P < 0.001). ROC curve analysis indicated that a V/CrCl ratio of 2.62 was a fair discriminator for CIN (C-statistic 0.73). After adjusting for other known predictors of CIN, V/CrCl ratios > 2.62 remained significantly associated with CIN (odds ratio: 2.20; 95% confidence interval: 1.00-4.81, P < 0.05).A V/CrCl ratio > 2.62 was a significant and independent predictor of CIN after PCI in unselected patients.CONCLUSIONA V/CrCl ratio > 2.62 was a significant and independent predictor of CIN after PCI in unselected patients. To investigate the predictive value of the contrast media volume to creatinine clearance (V/CrCl) ratio for the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) (i.e., within 48-72 hr) and to determine a relatively safe V/CrCl cut-off value to avoid CIN in patients following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The V/CrCl ratio is a pharmacokinetic risk factor for an early abnormal increase in serum creatinine (i.e., within 24 hr) after PCI. V/CrCl ratios were obtained from 1,140 consecutive consenting patients after unselective PCI. Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify the optimal sensitivity for the observed range of V/CrCl. The predictive value of V/CrCl for the risk of CIN was assessed using multivariate logistic regression. Fifty-five (4.8%) patients out of 1,140 developed CIN. There was a significant association between higher V/CrCl ratio values and risk of CIN in the overall population: 1.4%, 1.4%, 5.7%, and 10.9% for quartile 1 (Q1) of the V/CrCl value (<1.56, n = 283), Q2 (1.56-2.27, n = 289), Q3 (2.28-3.42, n = 282), and Q4 (>3.42, n = 285) of contrast, respectively (P < 0.001). ROC curve analysis indicated that a V/CrCl ratio of 2.62 was a fair discriminator for CIN (C-statistic 0.73). After adjusting for other known predictors of CIN, V/CrCl ratios > 2.62 remained significantly associated with CIN (odds ratio: 2.20; 95% confidence interval: 1.00-4.81, P < 0.05). A V/CrCl ratio > 2.62 was a significant and independent predictor of CIN after PCI in unselected patients. Objectives : To investigate the predictive value of the contrast media volume to creatinine clearance (V/CrCl) ratio for the risk of contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) (i.e., within 48–72 hr) and to determine a relatively safe V/CrCl cut‐off value to avoid CIN in patients following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background : The V/CrCl ratio is a pharmacokinetic risk factor for an early abnormal increase in serum creatinine (i.e., within 24 hr) after PCI. Methods : V/CrCl ratios were obtained from 1,140 consecutive consenting patients after unselective PCI. Receiver‐operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify the optimal sensitivity for the observed range of V/CrCl. The predictive value of V/CrCl for the risk of CIN was assessed using multivariate logistic regression. Results : Fifty‐five (4.8%) patients out of 1,140 developed CIN. There was a significant association between higher V/CrCl ratio values and risk of CIN in the overall population: 1.4%, 1.4%, 5.7%, and 10.9% for quartile 1 (Q1) of the V/CrCl value (<1.56, n = 283), Q2 (1.56–2.27, n = 289), Q3 (2.28–3.42, n = 282), and Q4 (>3.42, n = 285) of contrast, respectively ( P < 0.001). ROC curve analysis indicated that a V/CrCl ratio of 2.62 was a fair discriminator for CIN (C‐statistic 0.73). After adjusting for other known predictors of CIN, V/CrCl ratios > 2.62 remained significantly associated with CIN (odds ratio: 2.20; 95% confidence interval: 1.00–4.81, P < 0.05). Conclusion : A V/CrCl ratio > 2.62 was a significant and independent predictor of CIN after PCI in unselected patients. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc Objectives: To investigate the predictive value of the contrast media volume to creatinine clearance (V/CrCl) ratio for the risk of contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) (i.e., within 48–72 hr) and to determine a relatively safe V/CrCl cut‐off value to avoid CIN in patients following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background: The V/CrCl ratio is a pharmacokinetic risk factor for an early abnormal increase in serum creatinine (i.e., within 24 hr) after PCI. Methods: V/CrCl ratios were obtained from 1,140 consecutive consenting patients after unselective PCI. Receiver‐operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify the optimal sensitivity for the observed range of V/CrCl. The predictive value of V/CrCl for the risk of CIN was assessed using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Fifty‐five (4.8%) patients out of 1,140 developed CIN. There was a significant association between higher V/CrCl ratio values and risk of CIN in the overall population: 1.4%, 1.4%, 5.7%, and 10.9% for quartile 1 (Q1) of the V/CrCl value (<1.56, n = 283), Q2 (1.56–2.27, n = 289), Q3 (2.28–3.42, n = 282), and Q4 (>3.42, n = 285) of contrast, respectively (P < 0.001). ROC curve analysis indicated that a V/CrCl ratio of 2.62 was a fair discriminator for CIN (C‐statistic 0.73). After adjusting for other known predictors of CIN, V/CrCl ratios > 2.62 remained significantly associated with CIN (odds ratio: 2.20; 95% confidence interval: 1.00–4.81, P < 0.05). Conclusion: A V/CrCl ratio > 2.62 was a significant and independent predictor of CIN after PCI in unselected patients. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc |
Author | Luo, Jian-Fang Tan, Ning He, Peng-Cheng Liu, Yong Yang, Jun-Qing Zhou, Ying-Ling Chen, Ji-Yan |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ning surname: Tan fullname: Tan, Ning organization: Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Yong surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Yong organization: Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Ying-Ling surname: Zhou fullname: Zhou, Ying-Ling organization: Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Peng-Cheng surname: He fullname: He, Peng-Cheng organization: Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Jun-Qing surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Jun-Qing organization: Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China – sequence: 6 givenname: Jian-Fang surname: Luo fullname: Luo, Jian-Fang organization: Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China – sequence: 7 givenname: Ji-Yan surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Ji-Yan email: gdhzyl@yahoo.com.cn organization: Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China |
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Notes | Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute istex:570419C697DB8B92C9FBD9ACD7B9289F0D6A8E75 Conflict of interest: The authors have none to disclose. ArticleID:CCD23048 Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Clinical Medicine Research Fund, Guangzhou, China ark:/67375/WNG-79L8T543-6 Ning Tan and Yong Liu contributed equally to this study ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
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References_xml | – reference: Heyman SN, Brezis M, Epstein FH, et al. Early renal medullary hypoxic injury from radiocontrast and indomethacin. Kidney Int 1991; 40: 632-642. – reference: Sherwin PF, Cambron R, Johnson JA, et al. Contrast dose-to-creatinine clearance ratio as a potential indicator of risk for radiocontrast-induced nephropathy: Correlation of D/CrCL with area under the contrast concentration time curve using iodixanol. Invest Radiol 2005; 40: 598-603. – reference: Toprak O, Cirit M. Risk factors for contrast-induced nephropathy. Kidney Blood Press Res 2006; 29: 84-93. – reference: Cigarroa RG, Lange RA, Williams RH, Hillis LD. Dosing of contrast material to prevent contrast nephropathy in patients with renal disease. Am J Med 1989; 86: 649-652. – reference: Frennby B, Sterner G. Contrast media as markers of GFR. Eur Radiol 2002; 12: 475-484. – reference: Morcos SK. Prevention of contrast media nephrotoxicity following angiographic procedures. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2005; 16: 13-23. – reference: Marenzi G, Lauri G, Assanelli E, et al. Contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44: 1780-1785. – reference: Xun L, Cheng W, Hua T, Chenggang S, Zhujiang C, Zengchun Y, Tanqi L. Assessing glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in elderly Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD): A comparison of various predictive equations. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2010; 51: 13-20. – reference: Bai X, Han L, Liu J, Zhang W, Zhou H, Dong S, Sun Y, Chen X. The relationship between age-related kidney dysfunction and Framingham risk score in healthy people in China. Curr Aging Sci 2010; 3: 188-197. – reference: Laskey WK, Jenkins C, Selzer F, et al. Volume-to-creatinine clearance ratio: A pharmacokinetically based risk factor for prediction of early creatine increase after percutaneous coronary intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 50: 584-590. – reference: Gleeson TG, Bulugahapitiya S. Contrast-induced nephropathy. Am J Roentgenol 2004; 183: 1673-1689. – reference: Bartholomex BA, Harjai KJ, Dukkipati S, et al. Impact of nephropathy after percutaneous coronary intervention and a method of risk stratification. Am J Cardiol 2004; 93: 1515-1519. – reference: McCullough PA, Adam A, Becker CR, et al. Risk prediction of contrast-induced nephropathy. Am J Cardiol 2006; 98 ( Suppl): 27K-36K. – reference: Murphy SW, Barrett BJ, Parfrey PS. Contrast nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2000; 11: 177-182. – reference: Worasuwannarak S, Pornratanarangsi S. Prediction of contrast-induced nephropathy in diabetic patients undergoing elective cardiac catheterization or PCI: Role of volume-to-creatinine clearance ratio and iodine dose-to-creatinine clearance ratio. J Med Assoc Thai 2010; 93 ( Suppl 1): S29-S34. – reference: Freeman RV, O'Donnell M, Share D, et al. Nephropathy requiring dialysis after percutaneous coronary intervention and the critical role of an adjusted contrast dose. Am J Cardiol 2002; 90: 1068-1073. – reference: Mehran R, Nikolsky E. Contrast-induced nephropathy: Definition, epidemiology, and patients at risk. Kidney Int 2006; 69: S11e5. – reference: Mehran R, Aymong ED, Nikolsky E, et al. A simple risk score for prediction of contrast-induced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44: 1393-1399. – reference: Dangas G, Iakovou I, Nikolsky E, et al. Contrast-induced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary interventions in relation to chronic kidney disease and hemodynamic variables. Am J Cardiol 2005; 95: 13-19. – reference: Altmann DB, Zwas D, Spatz A, et al. Use of the contrast volume to estimated creatinine clearance ratio to predict renal failure after angiography. J Interv Cardiol 1997; 10: 113-119. – reference: Rihal CS, Textor SC, Grill DE, et al. Incidence and prognostic importance of acute renal failure after percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation 2002; 105: 2259-2264. – reference: Marenzi G, Assanelli E, Campodonico J, et al. Contrast volume during primary percutaneous coronary intervention and subsequent contrast-induced nephropathy and mortality. Ann Intern Med 2009; 150: 170-177. – volume: 29 start-page: 84 year: 2006 end-page: 93 article-title: Risk factors for contrast‐induced nephropathy publication-title: Kidney Blood Press Res – volume: 150 start-page: 170 year: 2009 end-page: 177 article-title: Contrast volume during primary percutaneous coronary intervention and subsequent contrast‐induced nephropathy and mortality publication-title: Ann Intern Med – volume: 90 start-page: 1068 year: 2002 end-page: 1073 article-title: Nephropathy requiring dialysis after percutaneous coronary intervention and the critical role of an adjusted contrast dose publication-title: Am J Cardiol – volume: 16 start-page: 13 year: 2005 end-page: 23 article-title: Prevention of contrast media nephrotoxicity following angiographic procedures publication-title: J Vasc Interv Radiol – volume: 98 start-page: 27K issue: Suppl year: 2006 end-page: 36K article-title: Risk prediction of contrast‐induced nephropathy publication-title: Am J Cardiol – volume: 93 start-page: S29 issue: Suppl 1 year: 2010 end-page: S34 article-title: Prediction of contrast‐induced nephropathy in diabetic patients undergoing elective cardiac catheterization or PCI: Role of volume‐to‐creatinine clearance ratio and iodine dose‐to‐creatinine clearance ratio publication-title: J Med Assoc Thai – volume: 95 start-page: 13 year: 2005 end-page: 19 article-title: Contrast‐induced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary interventions in relation to chronic kidney disease and hemodynamic variables publication-title: Am J Cardiol – volume: 10 start-page: 113 year: 1997 end-page: 119 article-title: Use of the contrast volume to estimated creatinine clearance ratio to predict renal failure after angiography publication-title: J Interv Cardiol – volume: 86 start-page: 649 year: 1989 end-page: 652 article-title: Dosing of contrast material to prevent contrast nephropathy in patients with renal disease publication-title: Am J Med – volume: 51 start-page: 13 year: 2010 end-page: 20 article-title: Assessing glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in elderly Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD): A comparison of various predictive equations publication-title: Arch Gerontol Geriatr – volume: 105 start-page: 2259 year: 2002 end-page: 2264 article-title: Incidence and prognostic importance of acute renal failure after percutaneous coronary intervention publication-title: Circulation – volume: 183 start-page: 1673 year: 2004 end-page: 1689 article-title: Contrast‐induced nephropathy publication-title: Am J Roentgenol – volume: 44 start-page: 1780 year: 2004 end-page: 1785 article-title: Contrast‐induced nephropathy in patients undergoing primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction publication-title: J Am Coll Cardiol – volume: 44 start-page: 1393 year: 2004 end-page: 1399 article-title: A simple risk score for prediction of contrast‐induced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary intervention publication-title: J Am Coll Cardiol – volume: 93 start-page: 1515 year: 2004 end-page: 1519 article-title: Impact of nephropathy after percutaneous coronary intervention and a method of risk stratification publication-title: Am J Cardiol – volume: 69 start-page: S11e5 year: 2006 article-title: Contrast‐induced nephropathy: Definition, epidemiology, and patients at risk publication-title: Kidney Int – volume: 11 start-page: 177 year: 2000 end-page: 182 article-title: Contrast nephropathy publication-title: J Am Soc Nephrol. – volume: 12 start-page: 475 year: 2002 end-page: 484 article-title: Contrast media as markers of GFR publication-title: Eur Radiol – volume: 3 start-page: 188 year: 2010 end-page: 197 article-title: The relationship between age‐related kidney dysfunction and Framingham risk score in healthy people in China publication-title: Curr Aging Sci – volume: 40 start-page: 598 year: 2005 end-page: 603 article-title: Contrast dose‐to‐creatinine clearance ratio as a potential indicator of risk for radiocontrast‐induced nephropathy: Correlation of D/CrCL with area under the contrast concentration time curve using iodixanol publication-title: Invest Radiol – volume: 50 start-page: 584 year: 2007 end-page: 590 article-title: Volume‐to‐creatinine clearance ratio: A pharmacokinetically based risk factor for prediction of early creatine increase after percutaneous coronary intervention publication-title: J Am Coll Cardiol – volume: 40 start-page: 632 year: 1991 end-page: 642 article-title: Early renal medullary hypoxic injury from radiocontrast and indomethacin publication-title: Kidney Int – ident: e_1_2_6_2_2 doi: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000368 – ident: e_1_2_6_6_2 doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(89)90437-3 – ident: e_1_2_6_7_2 doi: 10.1016/S0002-9149(02)02771-6 – ident: e_1_2_6_13_2 doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2009.06.005 – ident: e_1_2_6_20_2 doi: 10.1097/01.rli.0000174476.62724.82 – ident: e_1_2_6_8_2 doi: 10.1007/s003300100864 – ident: e_1_2_6_12_2 doi: 10.2174/1874609811003030188 – ident: e_1_2_6_15_2 doi: 10.2214/ajr.183.6.01831673 – ident: e_1_2_6_16_2 doi: 10.1681/ASN.V111177 – ident: e_1_2_6_4_2 doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.06.068 – ident: e_1_2_6_22_2 doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.01.022 – ident: e_1_2_6_14_2 doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.07.043 – volume: 93 start-page: S29 issue: 1 year: 2010 ident: e_1_2_6_9_2 article-title: Prediction of contrast‐induced nephropathy in diabetic patients undergoing elective cardiac catheterization or PCI: Role of volume‐to‐creatinine clearance ratio and iodine dose‐to‐creatinine clearance ratio publication-title: J Med Assoc Thai – ident: e_1_2_6_18_2 doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-150-3-200902030-00006 – ident: e_1_2_6_3_2 doi: 10.1097/01.RVI.0000145224.02920.C2 – ident: e_1_2_6_5_2 doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.03.008 – ident: e_1_2_6_10_2 doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.03.058 – ident: e_1_2_6_17_2 doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.08.056 – ident: e_1_2_6_19_2 doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000016043.87291.33 – ident: e_1_2_6_23_2 doi: 10.1159/000093381 – ident: e_1_2_6_11_2 doi: 10.1038/ki.1991.255 – ident: e_1_2_6_21_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8183.1997.tb00018.x – reference: 22190207 - Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2012 Jan 1;79(1):76-7 – reference: - Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2013 Jun 1;81(7):1256-7 |
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Snippet | Objectives: To investigate the predictive value of the contrast media volume to creatinine clearance (V/CrCl) ratio for the risk of contrast‐induced... Objectives : To investigate the predictive value of the contrast media volume to creatinine clearance (V/CrCl) ratio for the risk of contrast‐induced... To investigate the predictive value of the contrast media volume to creatinine clearance (V/CrCl) ratio for the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN)... |
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SubjectTerms | Adult Aged Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary Biomarkers - blood China Contrast Media - adverse effects Contrast Media - pharmacokinetics contrast medium contrast-induced nephropathy Creatinine - blood creatinine clearance diabetes Female Humans Kidney Diseases - blood Kidney Diseases - chemically induced Kidney Diseases - diagnosis Kidney Diseases - prevention & control Logistic Models Male Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis percutaneous coronary intervention Predictive Value of Tests Prospective Studies Radiography, Interventional - adverse effects Risk Assessment Risk Factors ROC Curve Sensitivity and Specificity Time Factors Treatment Outcome Up-Regulation |
Title | Contrast medium volume to creatinine clearance ratio: A predictor of contrast-induced nephropathy in the first 72 hours following percutaneous coronary intervention |
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