Empathizing and systemizing cognitive traits in the sciences and humanities

For several decades, cognitive research on personality and individual differences has focused on psychological traits other than general intelligence. Here we present data on empathizing and systemizing cognitive traits in science and humanities students. In view of existing data on autistic traits...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Published in	Personality and individual differences Vol. 43; no. 3; pp. 619 - 625
Main Authors	Focquaert, Farah, Steven, Megan S., Wolford, George L., Colden, Albina, Gazzaniga, Michael S.
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01.08.2007 Elsevier
Subjects	Autism spectrum disorders Biological and medical sciences Cognition Empathizing Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gender differences Humanities Personality. Affectivity Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Psychometrics Sciences Systemizing Autism spectrum disorders Humanities Empathizing Sciences Systemizing Cognition Gender differences Human Sex Empathy Personality Thaught subject Interindividual comparison Cognitive style
Online Access	Get full text

Cover

Loading…

Abstract	For several decades, cognitive research on personality and individual differences has focused on psychological traits other than general intelligence. Here we present data on empathizing and systemizing cognitive traits in science and humanities students. In view of existing data on autistic traits in scientists, we hypothesized that the science students would show higher systemizing than empathizing and that the humanities students would show the opposite pattern. Our findings suggest that individuals in the sciences possess a cognitive style that is more systemizing-driven than empathizing-driven, whereas individuals in humanities possess a cognitive style that is much more empathizing-driven than systemizing-driven. Both type of major and gender independently and highly significantly contribute to this effect. Within the sciences, the systemizing pattern is especially pronounced in engineering and physics. Men and women have been found previously to differ in their systemizing–empathizing cognitive style, with men being stronger in systemizing and women being stronger in empathizing. We find the same gender differences within each type of major.
AbstractList	For several decades, cognitive research on personality and individual differences has focused on psychological traits other than general intelligence. Here we present data on empathizing and systemizing cognitive traits in science and humanities students. In view of existing data on autistic traits in scientists, we hypothesized that the science students would show higher systemizing than empathizing and that the humanities students would show the opposite pattern. Our findings suggest that individuals in the sciences possess a cognitive style that is more systemizing-driven than empathizing-driven, whereas individuals in humanities possess a cognitive style that is much more empathizing-driven than systemizing-driven. Both type of major and gender independently and highly significantly contribute to this effect. Within the sciences, the systemizing pattern is especially pronounced in engineering and physics. Men and women have been found previously to differ in their systemizing-empathizing cognitive style, with men being stronger in systemizing and women being stronger in empathizing. We find the same gender differences within each type of major.
Author	Colden, Albina Wolford, George L. Focquaert, Farah Steven, Megan S. Gazzaniga, Michael S.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Farah surname: Focquaert fullname: Focquaert, Farah email: farah.focquaert@ugent.be organization: Department of Philosophy and Moral Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium – sequence: 2 givenname: Megan S. surname: Steven fullname: Steven, Megan S. organization: Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Dartmouth College, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: George L. surname: Wolford fullname: Wolford, George L. organization: Psychology and Brain Sciences Department, Dartmouth College, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Albina surname: Colden fullname: Colden, Albina organization: Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Dartmouth College, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Michael S. surname: Gazzaniga fullname: Gazzaniga, Michael S. organization: Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Dartmouth College, USA
BackLink	http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18825771$$DView record in Pascal Francis
BookMark	eNp9kD1PwzAQQC1UJNrCH2DKAluC7aSJI7Ggii9RiQVm62pfWleJU2y3Uvn1JKQSEkOnu5Peu-FNyMi2Fgm5ZjRhlOV3m2QLRiec0iKhLKE0OyNjJoo0TmdZOSJjykoWC5GXF2Ti_YZSOpvxckzeHpsthLX5NnYVgdWRP_iAzXCrdmVNMHuMggMTfGRsFNYYeWXQKvS_wnrXQE-hvyTnFdQer45zSj6fHj_mL_Hi_fl1_rCIVcaLEOscOQjgWGq2zAF0XgoqKipACZ2yTOCy5Gm_qyXLdMVVXiy5wjzNS1bwNJ2S2-Hv1rVfO_RBNsYrrGuw2O685LSjWMY68OYIgldQVw6sMl5unWnAHSQTgs-Kouf4wCnXeu-w-kOo7PvKjez7yr6vpEx2fTtJ_JOUCRBMa_tY9Wn1flCxq7Q36OSxqDYOVZC6Naf0H-nGmQs
CODEN	PEIDD9
CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_1007_s10803_015_2427_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cognition_2008_12_004 crossref_primary_10_1027_1015_5759_a000843 crossref_primary_10_1590_S1413_294X2012000100004 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10339_017_0848_z crossref_primary_10_1016_j_paid_2007_07_004 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chbr_2022_100215 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_021_99653_7 crossref_primary_10_1024_1421_0185_a000028 crossref_primary_10_18205_kpa_2009_14_2_004 crossref_primary_10_1038_srep23011 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10803_012_1614_9 crossref_primary_10_1080_03055698_2011_567032 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_paid_2016_03_058 crossref_primary_10_9728_dcs_2019_20_6_1155 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00429_014_0857_y crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2014_00921 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_paid_2008_07_016 crossref_primary_10_1080_00223891_2021_1991362 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_paid_2020_110575 crossref_primary_10_1093_esr_jcad021 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuroimage_2012_02_021 crossref_primary_10_3390_educsci12070452 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2023_999921 crossref_primary_10_1177_070674370805300712 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40573_024_00176_1 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0194515 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_psychres_2019_112576 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10339_019_00941_y crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0084782 crossref_primary_10_3138_carto_45_3_169 crossref_primary_10_1080_23311908_2014_981973 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_brainresbull_2010_08_008 crossref_primary_10_7717_peerj_10877 crossref_primary_10_4236_ce_2012_37179 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0033291711000377 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1476_8070_2009_01590_x crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_018_30013_8 crossref_primary_10_1142_S1793840611002206 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_psychres_2013_09_013 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2023_1066154 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_paid_2012_01_005 crossref_primary_10_36681_tused_2020_44 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1467_9450_2009_00725_x crossref_primary_10_1007_s10803_009_0772_x crossref_primary_10_1027_1614_0001_a000351 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_crbeha_2023_100097 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0013347 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_paid_2010_06_018 crossref_primary_10_1093_emph_eov021
Cites_doi	10.1098/rstb.2002.1206 10.1023/A:1005653411471 10.1126/science.1115455 10.1177/1362361398023008 10.1023/B:JADD.0000029552.42724.1b 10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01904-6 10.1037/0033-2909.117.2.250 10.1080/14616660410001733597 10.1037/0735-7044.111.4.845 10.1037/0022-0663.91.4.777 10.1007/BF01837709 10.1037/0033-2909.84.4.712 10.1111/1467-9280.00291 10.1037/0033-2909.126.3.424 10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.10.022 10.1007/s10803-006-0127-9 10.1023/B:JADD.0000022607.19833.00 10.1016/S0959-4388(97)80016-5
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	2007 Elsevier Ltd 2007 INIST-CNRS
Copyright_xml	– notice: 2007 Elsevier Ltd – notice: 2007 INIST-CNRS
DBID	AAYXX CITATION IQODW 7TK
DOI	10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004
DatabaseName	CrossRef Pascal-Francis Neurosciences Abstracts
DatabaseTitle	CrossRef Neurosciences Abstracts
DatabaseTitleList	Neurosciences Abstracts
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Psychology
EISSN	1873-3549
EndPage	625
ExternalDocumentID	18825771 10_1016_j_paid_2007_01_004 S0191886907000232
GroupedDBID	--K --M --Z -~X .~1 0R~ 123 1B1 1RT 1~. 1~5 29O 4.4 457 4G. 53G 5VS 7-5 71M 8P~ 9JM 9JO AABNK AACTN AADFP AADPK AAEDT AAEDW AAGJA AAGUQ AAIAV AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AAQXK AAUPJ AAXLA AAXUO ABCQJ ABFNM ABIVO ABJNI ABMAC ABOYX ABXDB ABYKQ ACDAQ ACGFS ACHQT ACNCT ACRLP ACXNI ADBBV ADEZE ADMUD AEBSH AEKER AETEA AFFNX AFKWA AFTJW AFXIZ AFYLN AGHFR AGUBO AGWIK AGYEJ AHHHB AIEXJ AIKHN AITUG AJBFU AJOXV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMFUW AMRAJ ASPBG AVWKF AXJTR AZFZN BKOJK BLXMC CS3 DU5 EBS EFJIC EFLBG EJD EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 F5P FDB FEDTE FGOYB FIRID FNPLU FYGXN G-2 G-Q GBLVA HDY HMK HMO HMW HVGLF HZ~ H~9 IHE J1W KOM LPU M29 M3V M41 MO0 MOBAO N9A NEJ NHB O-L O9- OAUVE OHT OKEIE OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. Q38 R2- RIG ROL RPZ SAE SCC SCU SDF SDG SDP SES SEW SPCBC SPS SSB SSN SSY SSZ T5K WH7 WUQ XJT ZCA ~G- AATTM AAXKI AAYWO AAYXX ABWVN ACRPL ACVFH ADCNI ADNMO ADXHL AEIPS AEUPX AFJKZ AFPUW AGCQF AGQPQ AGRNS AIGII AIIUN AKBMS AKRWK AKYEP ANKPU APXCP BNPGV CITATION SSH IQODW 7TK
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c427t-d6e2a8a2e9d1b6aad69808f08ac8d3148eb923c8d3cb14df2c67b2ce636917233
IEDL.DBID	AIKHN
ISSN	0191-8869
IngestDate	Fri Jul 11 03:23:40 EDT 2025 Sat Sep 21 04:30:06 EDT 2024 Tue Jul 01 03:24:17 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 22:57:01 EDT 2025 Fri Feb 23 02:28:51 EST 2024
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Issue	3
Keywords	Autism spectrum disorders Humanities Empathizing Sciences Systemizing Cognition Gender differences Human Sex Empathy Personality Thaught subject Interindividual comparison Cognitive style
Language	English
License	https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0 CC BY 4.0
LinkModel	DirectLink
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c427t-d6e2a8a2e9d1b6aad69808f08ac8d3148eb923c8d3cb14df2c67b2ce636917233
Notes	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23
PQID	20723141
PQPubID	23462
PageCount	7
ParticipantIDs	proquest_miscellaneous_20723141 pascalfrancis_primary_18825771 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_paid_2007_01_004 crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_paid_2007_01_004 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_paid_2007_01_004
ProviderPackageCode	CITATION AAYXX
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	2007-08-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2007-08-01
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 08 year: 2007 text: 2007-08-01 day: 01
PublicationDecade	2000
PublicationPlace	Oxford
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: Oxford
PublicationTitle	Personality and individual differences
PublicationYear	2007
Publisher	Elsevier Ltd Elsevier
Publisher_xml	– name: Elsevier Ltd – name: Elsevier
References	Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright (bib10) 2004; 34 Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Skinner, Martin, Clubley (bib12) 2001; 31 Baron-Cohen (bib4) 1995 Hoffman (bib17) 1977; 84 Voyer, Voyer, Bryden (bib23) 1995; 117 Kimura (bib20) 2004; 6 Barnea-Goraley, Kwon, Menon, Eliez, Lotspiech, Reiss (bib3) 2004; 55 Kimura (bib18) 2002; 12 Baron-Cohen, Richler, Bisarya, Gurunathan, Wheelwright (bib9) 2003; 358 Baron-Cohen (bib5) 2002; 6 Asperger (bib2) 1944; 117 Collins, Kimura (bib15) 1997; 111 Achter, Lubinski, Benbow, Eftekhari-Sanjani (bib1) 1999; 91 Baron-Cohen, Bolton, Wheelwright, Short, Mead, Smith (bib7) 1998; 2 Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Lawson, Griffin, Hill (bib11) 2002 Baron-Cohen, Knickmeyer, Belmonte (bib8) 2005; 310 Kimura (bib19) 2002 Baron-Cohen (bib6) 2003 Lawson, Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright (bib21) 2004; 43 Courchesne (bib16) 1997; 7 Benbow, Lubinski, Shea, Eftekhari-Sanjani (bib13) 2000; 11 Carroll, Yung (bib14) 2006; 36 McClure (bib22) 2000; 126 Asperger (10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib2) 1944; 117 Collins (10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib15) 1997; 111 Baron-Cohen (10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib6) 2003 Courchesne (10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib16) 1997; 7 Baron-Cohen (10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib12) 2001; 31 Benbow (10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib13) 2000; 11 Lawson (10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib21) 2004; 43 Baron-Cohen (10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib11) 2002 Carroll (10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib14) 2006; 36 Achter (10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib1) 1999; 91 Voyer (10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib23) 1995; 117 Baron-Cohen (10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib10) 2004; 34 Baron-Cohen (10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib8) 2005; 310 Baron-Cohen (10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib9) 2003; 358 Baron-Cohen (10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib4) 1995 Baron-Cohen (10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib7) 1998; 2 Baron-Cohen (10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib5) 2002; 6 Hoffman (10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib17) 1977; 84 McClure (10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib22) 2000; 126 Kimura (10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib19) 2002 Barnea-Goraley (10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib3) 2004; 55 Kimura (10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib18) 2002; 12 Kimura (10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib20) 2004; 6
References_xml	– start-page: 67 year: 2002 end-page: 77 ident: bib19 article-title: Sex hormones influence human cognitive pattern [Special issue] publication-title: Neuroendocrinology Letters – volume: 6 start-page: 45 year: 2004 end-page: 53 ident: bib20 article-title: Human sex differences in cognition, fact, not predicament publication-title: Sexualities, Evolution and Gender – volume: 36 start-page: 949 year: 2006 end-page: 957 ident: bib14 article-title: Sex and discipline differences in empathising, systemising, and autistic symptomatology: evidence from a student population publication-title: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders – volume: 11 start-page: 474 year: 2000 end-page: 480 ident: bib13 article-title: Sex differences in mathematical reasoning ability at age 13: their status 20 years later publication-title: Psychological Science – year: 1995 ident: bib4 article-title: Mindblindness. An essay on autism and theory of mind – volume: 12 start-page: 32 year: 2002 end-page: 37 ident: bib18 article-title: Men and women display patterns of behavioral and cognitive differences that reflect varying hormonal influences on brain development publication-title: Scientific American – volume: 310 start-page: 819 year: 2005 end-page: 823 ident: bib8 article-title: Sex differences in the brain: implications for explaining autism publication-title: Science – volume: 43 start-page: 301 year: 2004 end-page: 310 ident: bib21 article-title: Empathising and systemising in adults with and without Asperger syndrome publication-title: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders – volume: 34 start-page: 164 year: 2004 end-page: 175 ident: bib10 article-title: The empathy quotient: an investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism, and normal sex differences publication-title: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders – volume: 111 start-page: 845 year: 1997 end-page: 849 ident: bib15 article-title: A large sex difference on a two-dimensional mental rotation task publication-title: Behavioral Neuroscience – volume: 55 start-page: 323 year: 2004 end-page: 326 ident: bib3 article-title: White matter structure in autism: preliminary evidence from diffusion tensor imaging publication-title: Biological Psychiatry – volume: 6 start-page: 248 year: 2002 end-page: 254 ident: bib5 article-title: The extreme male brain theory of autism publication-title: Trends in Cognitive Sciences – volume: 7 start-page: 269 year: 1997 end-page: 278 ident: bib16 article-title: Brainstem, cerebellar and limbic neuroanatomical abnormalities in autism publication-title: Current Opinion in Neurobiology – volume: 117 start-page: 76 year: 1944 end-page: 136 ident: bib2 article-title: Die “autistischen psychopathen” im kindesalter publication-title: Archiv fur Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten – volume: 91 start-page: 777 year: 1999 end-page: 786 ident: bib1 article-title: Assessing vocational preferences among gifted adolescents adds incremental validity to abilities: a discriminant analysis of educational outcomes over a 10-year interval publication-title: Journal of Educational Psychology – year: 2003 ident: bib6 article-title: The essential difference. The truth about the male and female Brain – volume: 2 start-page: 296 year: 1998 end-page: 301 ident: bib7 article-title: Autism occurs more often in families of physicists, engineers, and mathematicians publication-title: Autism – volume: 126 start-page: 424 year: 2000 end-page: 453 ident: bib22 article-title: A meta-analytic review of sex differences in facial expression processing and their development in infants, children, and adolescents publication-title: Psychological Bulletin – start-page: 491 year: 2002 end-page: 508 ident: bib11 article-title: The exact mind: empathising and systemising in autism spectrum conditions publication-title: Handbook of childhood cognitive development – volume: 358 start-page: 361 year: 2003 end-page: 374 ident: bib9 article-title: The systemizing quotient: an investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism, and normal sex differences publication-title: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B – volume: 117 start-page: 250 year: 1995 end-page: 270 ident: bib23 article-title: Magnitude of sex differences in spatial abilities: a meta-analysis and consideration of critical variables publication-title: Psychological Bulletin – volume: 31 start-page: 5 year: 2001 end-page: 17 ident: bib12 article-title: The autism-spectrum quotient (AQ): evidence from Asperger syndrome/high functioning autism, males and females, scientists and mathematicians publication-title: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders – volume: 84 start-page: 712 year: 1977 end-page: 722 ident: bib17 article-title: Sex differences in empathy and related behaviours publication-title: Psychological Bulletin – volume: 358 start-page: 361 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib9 article-title: The systemizing quotient: an investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism, and normal sex differences publication-title: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B doi: 10.1098/rstb.2002.1206 – volume: 31 start-page: 5 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib12 article-title: The autism-spectrum quotient (AQ): evidence from Asperger syndrome/high functioning autism, males and females, scientists and mathematicians publication-title: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders doi: 10.1023/A:1005653411471 – volume: 310 start-page: 819 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib8 article-title: Sex differences in the brain: implications for explaining autism publication-title: Science doi: 10.1126/science.1115455 – volume: 2 start-page: 296 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib7 article-title: Autism occurs more often in families of physicists, engineers, and mathematicians publication-title: Autism doi: 10.1177/1362361398023008 – volume: 43 start-page: 301 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib21 article-title: Empathising and systemising in adults with and without Asperger syndrome publication-title: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders doi: 10.1023/B:JADD.0000029552.42724.1b – volume: 6 start-page: 248 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib5 article-title: The extreme male brain theory of autism publication-title: Trends in Cognitive Sciences doi: 10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01904-6 – volume: 117 start-page: 250 year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib23 article-title: Magnitude of sex differences in spatial abilities: a meta-analysis and consideration of critical variables publication-title: Psychological Bulletin doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.117.2.250 – start-page: 67 issue: Suppl. 4 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib19 article-title: Sex hormones influence human cognitive pattern [Special issue] publication-title: Neuroendocrinology Letters – year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib6 – volume: 6 start-page: 45 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib20 article-title: Human sex differences in cognition, fact, not predicament publication-title: Sexualities, Evolution and Gender doi: 10.1080/14616660410001733597 – start-page: 491 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib11 article-title: The exact mind: empathising and systemising in autism spectrum conditions – volume: 111 start-page: 845 year: 1997 ident: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib15 article-title: A large sex difference on a two-dimensional mental rotation task publication-title: Behavioral Neuroscience doi: 10.1037/0735-7044.111.4.845 – volume: 91 start-page: 777 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib1 article-title: Assessing vocational preferences among gifted adolescents adds incremental validity to abilities: a discriminant analysis of educational outcomes over a 10-year interval publication-title: Journal of Educational Psychology doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.91.4.777 – volume: 117 start-page: 76 year: 1944 ident: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib2 article-title: Die “autistischen psychopathen” im kindesalter publication-title: Archiv fur Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten doi: 10.1007/BF01837709 – year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib4 – volume: 84 start-page: 712 year: 1977 ident: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib17 article-title: Sex differences in empathy and related behaviours publication-title: Psychological Bulletin doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.84.4.712 – volume: 11 start-page: 474 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib13 article-title: Sex differences in mathematical reasoning ability at age 13: their status 20 years later publication-title: Psychological Science doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.00291 – volume: 126 start-page: 424 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib22 article-title: A meta-analytic review of sex differences in facial expression processing and their development in infants, children, and adolescents publication-title: Psychological Bulletin doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.126.3.424 – volume: 55 start-page: 323 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib3 article-title: White matter structure in autism: preliminary evidence from diffusion tensor imaging publication-title: Biological Psychiatry doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.10.022 – volume: 36 start-page: 949 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib14 article-title: Sex and discipline differences in empathising, systemising, and autistic symptomatology: evidence from a student population publication-title: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders doi: 10.1007/s10803-006-0127-9 – volume: 12 start-page: 32 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib18 article-title: Men and women display patterns of behavioral and cognitive differences that reflect varying hormonal influences on brain development publication-title: Scientific American – volume: 34 start-page: 164 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib10 article-title: The empathy quotient: an investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism, and normal sex differences publication-title: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders doi: 10.1023/B:JADD.0000022607.19833.00 – volume: 7 start-page: 269 year: 1997 ident: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004_bib16 article-title: Brainstem, cerebellar and limbic neuroanatomical abnormalities in autism publication-title: Current Opinion in Neurobiology doi: 10.1016/S0959-4388(97)80016-5
SSID	ssj0005529
Score	2.1109166
Snippet	For several decades, cognitive research on personality and individual differences has focused on psychological traits other than general intelligence. Here we...
SourceID	proquest pascalfrancis crossref elsevier
SourceType	Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher
StartPage	619
SubjectTerms	Autism spectrum disorders Biological and medical sciences Cognition Empathizing Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gender differences Humanities Personality. Affectivity Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Psychometrics Sciences Systemizing
Title	Empathizing and systemizing cognitive traits in the sciences and humanities
URI	https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004 https://www.proquest.com/docview/20723141
Volume	43
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link	http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3NT8IwFG8QLiTG-BnxA3fwZgZr13XjSAgEJXJREm5Lv4gYHUTgoAf_dl_XDkI0HLxtS9_a_Nq9j-71_RC6ZZHkRJKWL2kU-xRT4XMaTnxjm7mMFKN5Es3jkPVH9GEcjUuoU5yFMWmVTvdbnZ5ra_ek6dBszqfT5hM4JzgxhEpxXrUF9HCFhC0GS7vSvh_0h5tMjygnKzPtfSPgzs7YNK85nypXyRA3AsfX9od92p_zBaA2sXQXvzR3bo56h-jA-ZFe2w71CJV0doyqa3X2eYIG3fecbvgLjJPHM-XZos32fp015BmOiOXCm2YeuIKeg2CRC7zY4hgQS5-iUa_73On7jjoBMCfx0ldME55wolsKC8a5Yq0kSCZBwmWiQgiBtADPzlxLgamaEMliQaRmIYP4jYThGSpns0yfIw8LQVgoFeGBpkxEicYhZTLhnMUgJ2oIF4Cl0tUVN0N_S4sEstfUgGwIL-M0wCmAXEN3a5m5raqxs3VUzEO6tTZSUPs75epbk7bpCsKKKI5xDd0Us5jCV2V-lfBMz1YLeAuAgCm--GfXl6hqN4FNpuAVKi8_VvoavJelqKO9xjeuuzX6A3UF7yA
linkProvider	Elsevier
linkToHtml	http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV05T8MwFLYqGKiEEKcoR8nAhkJjx3HSEaFWhR4LILFZviqKII1oGWDgt_McO4UKxMCWRH6x9dl-R_L8PoROWaIEUaQdKpqkIcVUhoLG49DaZqESzWiZRDMcsd4dvb5P7mvosjoLY9Mqve53Or3U1v5Jy6PZKiaT1g04JzizhEppWbUF9PAqhe1rd-f5x7c8j6SkKrOtQ9vcn5xxSV6FmGhfxxCfR56t7RfrtF6IGWA2dmQXP_R2aYy6m2jDe5HBhRvoFqqZfBvVF8rsbQf1O88l2fA7mKZA5DpwJZvd_SJnKLAMEfNZMMkDcAQDD8CsFHhwpTEgkt5Fd93O7WUv9MQJgDhJ56FmhohMENPWWDIhNGtnUTaOMqEyHUMAZCT4dfZaSUz1mCiWSqIMixlEbySO99BKPs3NPgqwlITFShMRGcpkkhkcU6YyIVgKcrKBcAUYV76quB36E6_Sxx65BdnSXaY8whxAbqCzhUzhamr82Tqp5oEvrQwOSv9PuebSpH11BUFFkqa4gU6qWeSwp-yPEpGb6esM3gIgYIoP_tn1CVrr3Q4HfHA16h-iuvscbHMGj9DK_OXVHIMfM5fNcp1-AmjE7-Q
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Empathizing+and+systemizing+cognitive+traits+in+the+sciences+and+humanities&rft.jtitle=Personality+and+individual+differences&rft.au=FOCQUAERT%2C+Farah&rft.au=STEVEN%2C+Megan+S&rft.au=WOLFORD%2C+George+L&rft.au=COLDEN%2C+Albina&rft.date=2007-08-01&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.issn=0191-8869&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=619&rft.epage=625&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.paid.2007.01.004&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=18825771
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0191-8869&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0191-8869&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0191-8869&client=summon