Characterization of Boar Studs in Brazil
Understanding the flow of processes in swine production systems and how they work is fundamental to improving reproductive performance. We surveyed 32 boar studs in Brazil, representing 61.53% of the total in the country. Commercial lines were the most common breed (59.38%) used in the studs. Indivi...
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Published in | Ciência rural Vol. 50; no. 11 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Santa Maria
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Centro de Ciencias Rurais
2020
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Abstract | Understanding the flow of processes in swine production systems and how they work is fundamental to improving reproductive performance. We surveyed 32 boar studs in Brazil, representing 61.53% of the total in the country. Commercial lines were the most common breed (59.38%) used in the studs. Individual pens and stalls were the most commonly used as housing system (71.9%), and 81.25% of the studs reported having some form of thermal control system. For most of the studs (62.51%), average weekly sperm concentration was higher than 200 million cells per mL. Also, for most studs (71.88%) average weekly ejaculate volume was more than 250 mL. In 46.88% of the studs each ejaculate yielded 26 to 40 semen doses. In 6.25% of the studs, 3.5 billion sperm cells per dose were used for artificial, intracervical insemination. Sperm concentration in 46.88% of the studs was determined using a computer-assisted system analysis. The assessment of sperm quality was conducted using morphology, concentration, and microbiological testing. Employees working on semen collection had formal education of elementary/middle school (34.38%) and high school (37.5%). Most of the laboratory technicians had frequented high school (75%). The most time-consuming task was semen processing, taking 16 to 25 h a week (46.8%) and 6 to 10 h was allotted for the cleaning of stud facilities (46.8%). The data collected in the present study allow greater knowledge of this important part in the pig production chain in Brazil.
RESUMO: O entendimento dos processos na suinocultura e como estes funcionam é fundamental para o incremento da performance reprodutiva. Por via eletrônica, foi realizada uma investigação com 32 centrais de coleta e processamento de sêmen no Brasil, representando 61,53% do total no país. O número médio de reprodutores por central foi de 122. Reprodutores da linhagem comercial foram os mais frequentemente (59,38%) utilizados nas centrais. As baias para alojamento individual dos reprodutores foram as mais comuns (71,9%) e 81,25% das centrais relataram possuir algum sistema de climatização. Na maioria das centrais (62,51%), a média da concentração espermática foi maior que 200 milhões de espermatozoides/mL. Da mesma forma, a maioria das centrais (71,88%) apresentaram um volume do ejaculado superior a 250 mL. Em 46,88% das centrais um ejaculado produziu de 26 a 40 doses inseminantes. Em 6,25% das centrais eram utilizadas uma concentração de 3,5 bilhões de espermatozoides por dose inseminante na inseminação intracervical. A concentração espermática em 46,88% das centrais era determinada através do sistema CASA. A avaliação da qualidade espermática era realizada através da análise de morfologia, concentração e exame microbiológico das doses inseminantes. Os colaboradores envolvidos com a coleta de sêmen tinham nível de instrução fundamental (43,38%) e médio (37,5%). A maioria dos técnicos no laboratório das centrais tinham ensino médio (75%). A atividade que mais consumia tempo foi o processamento do sêmen, com 16 a 25 horas/semana (46,8%) e 6 a 10 horas era utilizada na limpeza das instalações (46,8%). Os dados coletados no presente estudo permitem um maior conhecimento desse elo da cadeia produtiva da suinocultura no Brasil. |
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AbstractList | Understanding the flow of processes in swine production systems and how they work is fundamental to improving reproductive performance. We surveyed 32 boar studs in Brazil, representing 61.53% of the total in the country. Commercial lines were the most common breed (59.38%) used in the studs. Individual pens and stalls were the most commonly used as housing system (71.9%), and 81.25% of the studs reported having some form of thermal control system. For most of the studs (62.51%), average weekly sperm concentration was higher than 200 million cells per mL. Also, for most studs (71.88%) average weekly ejaculate volume was more than 250 mL. In 46.88% of the studs each ejaculate yielded 26 to 40 semen doses. In 6.25% of the studs, 3.5 billion sperm cells per dose were used for artificial, intracervical insemination. Sperm concentration in 46.88% of the studs was determined using a computer-assisted system analysis. The assessment of sperm quality was conducted using morphology, concentration, and microbiological testing. Employees working on semen collection had formal education of elementary/middle school (34.38%) and high school (37.5%). Most of the laboratory technicians had frequented high school (75%). The most time-consuming task was semen processing, taking 16 to 25 h a week (46.8%) and 6 to 10 h was allotted for the cleaning of stud facilities (46.8%). The data collected in the present study allow greater knowledge of this important part in the pig production chain in Brazil.
RESUMO: O entendimento dos processos na suinocultura e como estes funcionam é fundamental para o incremento da performance reprodutiva. Por via eletrônica, foi realizada uma investigação com 32 centrais de coleta e processamento de sêmen no Brasil, representando 61,53% do total no país. O número médio de reprodutores por central foi de 122. Reprodutores da linhagem comercial foram os mais frequentemente (59,38%) utilizados nas centrais. As baias para alojamento individual dos reprodutores foram as mais comuns (71,9%) e 81,25% das centrais relataram possuir algum sistema de climatização. Na maioria das centrais (62,51%), a média da concentração espermática foi maior que 200 milhões de espermatozoides/mL. Da mesma forma, a maioria das centrais (71,88%) apresentaram um volume do ejaculado superior a 250 mL. Em 46,88% das centrais um ejaculado produziu de 26 a 40 doses inseminantes. Em 6,25% das centrais eram utilizadas uma concentração de 3,5 bilhões de espermatozoides por dose inseminante na inseminação intracervical. A concentração espermática em 46,88% das centrais era determinada através do sistema CASA. A avaliação da qualidade espermática era realizada através da análise de morfologia, concentração e exame microbiológico das doses inseminantes. Os colaboradores envolvidos com a coleta de sêmen tinham nível de instrução fundamental (43,38%) e médio (37,5%). A maioria dos técnicos no laboratório das centrais tinham ensino médio (75%). A atividade que mais consumia tempo foi o processamento do sêmen, com 16 a 25 horas/semana (46,8%) e 6 a 10 horas era utilizada na limpeza das instalações (46,8%). Os dados coletados no presente estudo permitem um maior conhecimento desse elo da cadeia produtiva da suinocultura no Brasil. Understanding the flow of processes in swine production systems and how they work is fundamental to improving reproductive performance. We surveyed 32 boar studs in Brazil, representing 61.53% of the total in the country. Commercial lines were the most common breed (59.38%) used in the studs. Individual pens and stalls were the most commonly used as housing system (71.9%), and 81.25% of the studs reported having some form of thermal control system. For most of the studs (62.51%), average weekly sperm concentration was higher than 200 million cells per mL. Also, for most studs (71.88%) average weekly ejaculate volume was more than 250 mL. In 46.88% of the studs each ejaculate yielded 26 to 40 semen doses. In 6.25% of the studs, 3.5 billion sperm cells per dose were used for artificial, intracervical insemination. Sperm concentration in 46.88% of the studs was determined using a computer-assisted system analysis. The assessment of sperm quality was conducted using morphology, concentration, and microbiological testing. Employees working on semen collection had formal education of elementary/middle school (34.38%) and high school (37.5%). Most of the laboratory technicians had frequented high school (75%). The most time-consuming task was semen processing, taking 16 to 25 h a week (46.8%) and 6 to 10 h was allotted for the cleaning of stud facilities (46.8%). The data collected in the present study allow greater knowledge of this important part in the pig production chain in Brazil. |
Author | Bragança, José Francisco Manta Walter, Marina Patricia Bottan, Juliano Bennemann, Paulo Eduardo Machado, Sérgio Abreu |
AuthorAffiliation | Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina |
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Cites_doi | 10.1111/rda.12544 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.02.001 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.06.022 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.06.036 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.04.002 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.10.004 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.04.023 |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | 2020. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. |
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Keywords | manejo do reprodutor processamento de sêmen semen processing semen quality qualidade seminal boar stud management |
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References | BORTOLOZZO F.P. (ref4) 2005; 64 (ref8) 2015 GALL T. (ref6) 2000 ROZEBOON KJ (ref9) 2003 VICENTE-FIEL S. (ref12) 2013; 139 (ref1) 2018 VARGAS A.J. (ref11) 2009; 89 BENNEMANN P.E. (ref2) 2018; 23 GOLDBERG A.M. (ref5) 2013; 95 SCHULZE M (ref10) 2015; 83 BORTOLOZZO F.P. (ref3) 2015; 50 KNOX R. (ref7) 2008; 70 BORTOLOZZO, F.P. 2015; 50 VARGAS, A.J. 2009; 89 2018 2015 BORTOLOZZO, F.P. 2005; 64 GALL, T. 2000 GOLDBERG, A.M. 2013; 95 SCHULZE, M 2015; 83 BENNEMANN, P.E. 2018; 23 KNOX, R. 2008; 70 VICENTE-FIEL, S. 2013; 139 ROZEBOON, KJ 2003 |
References_xml | – year: 2018 ident: ref1 – volume: 50 start-page: 80 year: 2015 ident: ref3 article-title: New Artificial Insemination Technologies for Swine publication-title: Reproduction in Domestic Animals doi: 10.1111/rda.12544 contributor: fullname: BORTOLOZZO F.P. – year: 2015 ident: ref8 – volume: 89 start-page: 75 issue: 1-2 year: 2009 ident: ref11 article-title: Factors associated with return to estrus in first service swine females publication-title: Prev Vet Med doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.02.001 contributor: fullname: VARGAS A.J. – volume: 23 start-page: 6637 issue: 2 year: 2018 ident: ref2 article-title: Bacterial contaminants and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of boar semen in southern Brazil studs publication-title: Revista MVZ Córdoba contributor: fullname: BENNEMANN P.E. – volume: 95 start-page: 362 issue: 2 year: 2013 ident: ref5 article-title: Risk factors for bacterial contamination during boar semen collection. publication-title: Research in Veterinary Science doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.06.022 contributor: fullname: GOLDBERG A.M. – start-page: 199 year: 2000 ident: ref6 article-title: Boar stud design as it relates to functionality publication-title: Boar Semen Preservation IV contributor: fullname: GALL T. – volume: 70 start-page: 1202 issue: 8 year: 2008 ident: ref7 article-title: An update on North American boar stud practices publication-title: Theriogenology doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.06.036 contributor: fullname: KNOX R. – volume: 139 start-page: 182 year: 2013 ident: ref12 article-title: A comparative study of sperm morphometric subpopulations in cattle, goat, sheep and pigs using a computer-assisted fluorescence method (CASMA-F), publication-title: Animal Reproduction Science doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.04.002 contributor: fullname: VICENTE-FIEL S. – volume: 83 start-page: 430 year: 2015 ident: ref10 article-title: Analysis of hygienic critical points in boar semen production publication-title: Theriogenology doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.10.004 contributor: fullname: SCHULZE M – volume: 64 start-page: 1956 issue: 9 year: 2005 ident: ref4 article-title: Influence of time of insemination relative to ovulation and frequency of insemination on gilt fertility. publication-title: Theriogenology doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.04.023 contributor: fullname: BORTOLOZZO F.P. – start-page: 171 year: 2003 ident: ref9 contributor: fullname: ROZEBOON KJ – volume: 83 start-page: 430 year: 2015 end-page: 437 article-title: Analysis of hygienic critical points in boar semen production publication-title: Theriogenology contributor: fullname: SCHULZE, M – volume: 70 start-page: 1202 issue: 8 year: 2008 end-page: 1208 article-title: An update on North American boar stud practices publication-title: Theriogenology contributor: fullname: KNOX, R. – volume: 95 start-page: 362 issue: 2 year: 2013 end-page: 367 article-title: Risk factors for bacterial contamination during boar semen collection. publication-title: Research in Veterinary Science contributor: fullname: GOLDBERG, A.M. – year: 2018 publication-title: Relatório Annual – start-page: 171 year: 2003 end-page: 179 publication-title: Quality assurance of semen contributor: fullname: ROZEBOON, KJ – volume: 50 start-page: 80 year: 2015 end-page: 84 article-title: New Artificial Insemination Technologies for Swine publication-title: Reproduction in Domestic Animals contributor: fullname: BORTOLOZZO, F.P. – volume: 89 start-page: 75 issue: 1-2 year: 2009 end-page: 80 article-title: Factors associated with return to estrus in first service swine females publication-title: Prev Vet Med contributor: fullname: VARGAS, A.J. – volume: 64 start-page: 1956 issue: 9 year: 2005 end-page: 1962 article-title: Influence of time of insemination relative to ovulation and frequency of insemination on gilt fertility. publication-title: Theriogenology contributor: fullname: BORTOLOZZO, F.P. – volume: 139 start-page: 182 year: 2013 end-page: 189 article-title: A comparative study of sperm morphometric subpopulations in cattle, goat, sheep and pigs using a computer-assisted fluorescence method (CASMA-F), publication-title: Animal Reproduction Science contributor: fullname: VICENTE-FIEL, S. – volume: 23 start-page: 6637 issue: 2 year: 2018 end-page: 6637 article-title: Bacterial contaminants and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of boar semen in southern Brazil studs publication-title: Revista MVZ Córdoba contributor: fullname: BENNEMANN, P.E. – start-page: 199 year: 2000 end-page: 205 article-title: Boar stud design as it relates to functionality publication-title: Boar Semen Preservation IV contributor: fullname: GALL, T. – year: 2015 publication-title: Estatísticas do material Genético |
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SubjectTerms | Age AGRONOMY boar stud management Control systems Dosage Flooring Hogs Housing Livestock Morphology Mortality Quality assessment Questionnaires Reproduction Semen semen processing semen quality Sperm Studs Swine Swine production Systems analysis Technicians Thermal control systems |
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